The development of educational technologies under the concept of Virtual reality (VR) is neither a core issue in academic education nor in applied research publications, although potential exists. With the goal of closing this gap, the authors investigate possibilities of VR in teaching and training. Whether we can speak of a new didactic technique and if certain smart communities adopt such is investigated through three cases. Our focus is on who the target audience is, what requirements need to be considered, and how this manifests in the teachers' activity. Subsequently, a starting point for a target group-oriented design of virtual reality in higher education is provided.

Orientador: Eduardo José Manzini / Banca: Sadao Omote / Banca: Lígia Maria Presumido Braccialli / Banca: Maria Amélia Almeida / Banca: Maria Luiza Emmel / Resumo: A utilização de jogos e brincadeiras ocorre, com freqüência, nos atendimentos fisioterapêuticos de crianças, inclusive no estágio supervisionado realizado durante a formação acadêmica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a utilização de jogos e brincadeiras nos atendimentos fisioterapêuticos de crianças, realizados pelos estagiários. Foi realizado estudo descritivo, do tipo observacional, tendo como procedimentos de coleta de informações a observação sistemática e a anotação da evolução do prontuário. A observação sistemática, registrada por meio da filmagem, ocorreu em dois momentos: na primeira e na penúltima semana do estágio supervisionado. Os atendimentos observados foram realizados por seis acadêmicos do 4º ano do curso de graduação em Fisioterapia de uma instituição de ensino superior. As fitas de vídeo foram transcritas em um protocolo de observação, que continha critérios quanto ao recorte das cenas obtidas. Os recortes das cenas que apresentavam jogos e brincadeiras, durante o atendimento, foram submetidos à concordância intra e entre os observadores. As categorias e subcategorias de análise foram estabelecidas após assistir-se, diversas vezes, às cenas gravadas e de acordo com os objetivos do estudo. Posteriormente, foram submetidas à apreciação de juízes por meio de material elaborado. As categorias e subcategorias elaboradas permitiram a análise de cada ocorrência sob os vários aspectos envolvidos na prática da utilização de jogos e brincadeiras. As estagiárias observadas utilizaram os jogos e as brincadeiras na avaliação e no tratamento da criança, com o objetivo de alcançar as metas estabelecidas para o atendimento fisioterapêutico. A manifestação do lúdico no atendimento à criança apresentava caráter terapêutico. Os jogos e as brincadeiras, em sua grande maioria, eram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Plays and games are frequently used both at infant physical therapy sessions and at the supervised training period during academic education. The aim of this study was to describe the use of plays and games at infant physical therapy sessions carried out by trainees. A descriptive study, type observational, having systematic observation and the follow up of patient files as data collection procedures, was carried out. Systematic observation, through filming, took place in two occasions: during the first week and the week before the last at the supervised training period. The observed sessions were carried out by six senior students in the fourth year of Physical Therapy at a university. The recorded videotapes were transcribed using an observation protocol containing criteria to guide the cutting of recorded scenes. Cuts of scenes showing plays and games during sessions were submitted to intra- and inter-observers concordance. The categories and sub-categories of analysis were established after repeatedly watching the recorded scenes, and according to the aims of the study. Later, they were submitted to assessors for evaluation. These categories and sub-categories allowed for the analysis of each occurrence under the various aspects involved in using plays and games in physical therapy. The supervised trainees used plays and games for evaluation and treatment of children, aiming at reaching the goals established for the physical therapy sessions. The occurrence of playful activities during the sessions had a therapeutic character. Plays and games were mostly means to achieve the pre-established aims, differing from therapeutic playing. Main identified situations that led to the use of plays and games were: child unwillingness or refusal to receive treatment and the need of active performance from child. Several kinds of plays and games were observed... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

[pt] Esta tese tem como objetivo discutir o padrão de acesso dos alunos da rede municipal de educação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro aos equipamentos culturais parceiros da prefeitura no Projeto Escola e Museu. Em geral, a promoção cultural se dá através do diálogo das escolas com instituições diretamente ligadas à cultura como museus, centros culturais, bibliotecas, teatros e planetários. Entretanto, em tempos de responsabilização docente baseada em índices construídos a partir dos resultados das avaliações em larga escala, será que há possibilidades para a formação cultural em espaços de educação não formal? O referido objetivo se desdobra em questões que orientam a investigação: Como as escolas se apropriam dos equipamentos culturais, especialmente dos museus parceiros da SME/RJ? A escola valoriza o diálogo com os espaços de educação não formal? Quais experiências os alunos da rede estão vivenciando nos equipamentos culturais? Para a realização do estudo, foram adotadas as seguintes estratégias metodológicas: i) observação das atividades realizadas com os alunos do ensino fundamental em sete museus e centros culturais parceiros da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME/RJ) no Projeto Escola e Museu; ii) realização de entrevistas com a coordenadora do Projeto Escola e Museu e com os docentes participantes; iii) análise documental do projeto, através de textos secundários. A investigação aborda as contribuições dos Estudos sobre Avaliação e Desempenho e Estudos sobre Cultura e Formação Cultural, campos que permitiram investigar as relações entre formação acadêmica e formação cultural no âmbito das políticas públicas educacionais. A pesquisa problematiza a questão da formação cultural fundamentada em autores como Hans-Georg Gadamer e John Dewey. A hipótese que engendrou a pesquisa foi a de que o acesso dos alunos aos equipamentos culturais através do Projeto Escola e Museu pode contribuir para a ampliação da formação cultural, em uma dimensão de experiência crítica, que proporcione o desenvolvimento da emoção estética e a inserção do aluno na sociedade na perspectiva cultural. A partir das análises, as conclusões encontradas foram: (i) em contexto de responsabilização docente, o Projeto Escola e Museu configura-se um exemplo de bom uso dos resultados das avaliações externas, à medida que as escolas participantes são selecionadas a partir de critérios como, por exemplo, estarem situadas em áreas conflagradas da cidade e apresentarem baixo desempenho. Logo, através desse projeto, pode-se perceber uma estratégia de tentar promover a equidade na rede; (ii) o Projeto Escola e Museu cumpre os seus objetivos por: promover o acesso de professores e alunos a museus, centros, institutos de arte e cultura, como atividade articulada ao desenvolvimento do Currículo; estimular a valorização do patrimônio cultural da cidade; estimular a formação de público de visitação a instituições e espaços culturais decorrente do desenvolvimento do interesse de alunos e professores pela apropriação de bens culturais; possibilitar aos alunos aprofundar e diversificar as formas de aprendizagem dos conteúdos das distintas áreas do conhecimento, proporcionados nas visitas às instituições culturais; (iii) o Projeto também apresenta aspectos que precisam ser melhorados tais como: o atendimento restrito aos alunos do oitavo ano; número reduzido de escolas participantes; concentração dos equipamentos culturais na zona sul e no centro da cidade e problemas relacionados ao deslocamento. / [en] This thesis aims to discuss the access pattern of the students of the Municipal Education Network of the city of Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ) to the cultural facilities partners of the city hall in the Project School and Museum. In general, cultural promotion takes place through the dialogue of schools with institutions directly linked to culture such as museums, cultural centers, libraries, theaters and planetariums. However, in times of teacher accountability based on indexes constructed from the results of large-scale evaluations, is there any possibility for cultural formation in non-formal education spaces? This objective is deployed on issues that guide this research: How do schools take ownership of cultural facilities, especially from SME / RJ partner museums? Does the school value dialogue with non-formal education spaces? What experiences are network students having with the cultural equipment? In order to carry out the study, the following methodological strategies were adopted: i) observation of the activities carried out with elementary school students in seven museums and cultural centers partners of the Municipal Department of Education (SME / RJ) in the School and Museum Project; ii) interviews with the coordinator of the School and Museum Project and with the participating teachers. The research deals with the contributions of the Studies on Assessment and Performance and Studies on Culture and Cultural Formation, fields that allowed to investigate the relations among academic formation and cultural formation in the scope of public educational policies. The research problematizes the question of cultural formation based on authors such as Hans-Georg Gadamer and John Dewey. The hypothesis that generated the research was that the students access to cultural equipment through the School and Museum Project can contribute to the expansion of cultural formation, in a dimension of critical experience that provides the development of aesthetic emotion and the insertion of the student in society through the cultural perspective. From the analyzes, the conclusions were: (i) in the context of teacher accountability, the School and Museum Project is an example of good use of the results of external evaluations, as participating schools are selected based on criteria like if they are in areas of conflict in the city and have poor performance. Therefore, through this project, one can perceive a strategy of trying to promote equity in the network; (ii) the School and Museum Project fulfills its objectives by: promoting the access of teachers and students to museums, centers, institutes of art and culture, as an articulated activity to the development of the Curriculum; stimulate the appreciation of the city s cultural heritage; forming a visiting public for institutions and cultural spaces resulting from the development of the interest of students and teachers in the appropriation of cultural goods; enable students to deepen and diversify the ways of learning the contents of the different areas of knowledge, provided in visits to cultural institutions; (iii) the Project also presents aspects that need to be improved, for example: restricted attendance of the 8th grade students; reduced number of participating schools; concentration of cultural facilities in the south and center of the city and problems related to displacement.

La présente recherche a retracé les parcours scolaires mais également professionnels des étudiant-e-s des classes préparatoires littéraires du Lycée de garçons du Parc et du Lycée de jeunes filles de Lyon. Les bornes chronologiques s’étendent de 1924 et du décret Bérard ouvrant, entre autre, le baccalauréat aux filles, à la veille de 1968 et des bouleversements des événements du mois de mai. L’étude s’attache à mettre en relief l’évolution de la formation des élites intellectuelles françaises sur plus de 40 ans. Plusieurs axes sont abordés, tous étudiés sous l’angle du genre : les origines sociales, les études secondaires, le concours d’entrée aux différentes Écoles Normales Supérieures (Ulm et Sèvres), les études universitaires et les débouchés professionnels. Au-delà de cette comparaison genrée des élèves des deux établissements, deux pistes se distinguent avec d’un côté les reçu-e-s aux ENS et de l’autre, les recalé-e-s, qui poursuivent leurs études au sein de l’université. / This research has traced the school careers of professionals but also students of the preparatory classes of the Lycee du Parc and Lycee de jeunes filles de Lyon. Our study starts from 1924 and the Berard Decree opening – among other things – bachelor’s door to girls and stops on the eve of 1968 and the mutations originated from the events of May. The study aims to highlight the evolution of the French intellectual elite education over 40 years. Several areas are illustrated, all studied in a gender perspective: the social origins, the secondary school, the entrance to the different Ecole Normale Supérieure (Ulm and Sevres), academic studies and career opportunities. Beyond this gendered comparison students of both schools, two tracks stand out with one hand the receipt to ENS and the other, flunked, who are studying in the university.

The development of educational technologies under the concept of Virtual reality (VR) is neither a core issue in academic education nor in applied research publications, although potential exists. With the goal of closing this gap, the authors investigate possibilities of VR in teaching and training. Whether we can speak of a new didactic technique and if certain smart communities adopt such is investigated through three cases. Our focus is on who the target audience is, what requirements need to be considered, and how this manifests in the teachers' activity. Subsequently, a starting point for a target group-oriented design of virtual reality in higher education is provided.

Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of the North, 1988 / Refer to the document

This study elaborated on the development of school counselor's feelings of self-efficacy in working with students with special needs and how self-efficacy affects school counselor's roles with students with special needs. More specifically, this study addressed a number of topics in researching the impact of pre-service training, experience and in-service training for Professional School Counselors (PSCs) on their feelings of self-efficacy in working with students with special needs. This study will present a historical review of the development of Professional School Counselor roles. In addition, an analysis of the development of comprehensive developmental guidance programs in schools and suggested frameworks was conducted including students with special needs. Also, conducted were reviews of studies conducted with Professional School Counselors (PSCs) regarding their roles with students with special needs, their feelings of preparedness, and their training; and reviews of several studies of counselor education programs in the area of special needs training and experiential opportunities offered. Lastly, the pragmatic and theory base for self-efficacy found in the literature was explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between experience with special needs, pre-service education and in-service training regarding students with special needs and counselor's self-efficacy and roles they perform with students with special needs. The research for this study was conducted by survey at the Georgia School Counselor Association's fall conference in Atlanta, Georgia; the South Carolina School Counselor Association's fall conference in Columbia, South Carolina; the North Carolina School Counselor Association's fall conference in Greensboro, North Carolina; and Florida School Counselors on Survey Monkey. The participating states counselors also had access to the survey via the internet based survey service Survey Monkey. 410 PSCs from Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Florida completed the survey. 372 of the surveys met completion criteria and were included in the survey results (N = 372). Results of a factor analysis, a descriptive statistical analysis and a multi-step regression indicated the relationship between the five of the ratings and their combinations of self-efficacy and time spent in performing roles with students with special needs had a statistically significant relationship as measured on the survey. The two types of experience and in-service quality had a statistically significant relationship with the combination rating of self-efficacy as measured on the survey. The research question is: Does pre-service training, in-service training and experience have an impact on professional school counselor's self-efficacy and whether or not they perform a role with children and adolescents with special needs. The following statements are the hypotheses for this research: There is a relationship between the two types of experience as measured by rating on the survey, pre-service training and in-service training as measured by quality and quantity on the survey, their self-efficacy in working with students with special needs as measured on the survey, and the roles that PSCs perform as measured by the frequency that they perform roles on the survey.

The problem of this study was the need for a systematic development of curriculum for Coordinated Vocational Academic Education (C.V.A.E.) Office Duplication Practice. Sources of data included recent research and information provided by the Texas Education Agency. The study is divided into five parts, including an introduction; background information; an overview of the Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium and the Occupational Curriculum Development Laboratory; and a summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Findings are that there are opposing forces in curriculum development. The study concludes that progress is being made in curriculum development, and recommends that the individual learner be the focal point of all curriculum development efforts.

The aim of this study is to examine the description of experiences in the field of employment for people with disabilities who hold academic qualifications. The collection of empirical data has been prepared through semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with five people working in the same industry with various occupational categories.  The report is based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital, field and habitus. According to the study, the majority of those interviewed said that a well-established professional network can be a decisive factor in the search for work and equally important an academic qualification can open up the door to more opportunities in the labor market. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of the interviewees also outlined that due to their disability they do not have the ability to perform all type of work, such as a physical demanding job and they therefore said that to hold an academic qualification facilitates by the fact that the public sector often is less physically demanding. Moreover, the result outlines that the interviewees habitus is very much characterized by the right to be like "everyone else". Social capital also play a significant part in the decision  making regarding higher academic qualifications. / Denna studie syftar till att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur personer i åldern 30-40 år med funktionsnedsättning och akademisk utbildning beskriver sina erfarenheter av arbetsmarknaden. Den insamlade empirin har framtagits genom semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem personer som arbetar inom samma bransch inom olika yrkeskategorier. Den teori som studien utgått ifrån har varit Pierre Bourdieus teori om kapital, fält och habitus. Studiens resultat visar att den studerade gruppen beskrivit att ett stort kontaktnät kan vara en avgörande faktor vid arbetssökandet samt att en akademisk utbildning öppnar upp fler möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden. Flertalet av intervjupersonerna har beskrivit att deras funktionsnedsättning medför att de inte har möjlighet att utföra alla typer av arbeten som till exempel ett fysiskt arbete. En akademisk utbildning underlättar då genom att tjänstemannayrken ofta är mindre fysiska. Vidare visade resultatet att intervjupersonerna habitus präglas mycket av rätten att vara som "alla andra". Det sociala kapitalet spelar även en viktig roll för valet av vidareutbildning då studien visat att samtliga intervjupersoner har minst en förälder med en akademisk bakgrund.

The problem of this study was to determine if there were differences in perceived attitudes of self-concept between young people who returned to alternative education after dropping out of public education and educationally disadvantaged at-risk youth in Coordinated Vocational Academic Education (CVAE) classes as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. The hypotheses formulated for the study predicted no significant difference in mean attitude self-concept scores of returned dropouts to alternative schools and CVAE students enrolled in junior high school preemployment laboratories and high school students enrolled in Cooperative Education classes as measured by the Piers-Harris scale; and no significant change in mean attitude self-concept scores of former dropouts enrolled in alternative education centers and CVAE students as measured by the Piers-Harris scale over a two-month period utilizing an extended Solomon Four-Group Design, with and without the treatment. The scale was administered to 351 students from junior high and high school CVAE classes in Ector County (Odessa), Fort Stockton, and Midland Independent School Districts and alternative schools in Denton, Fort Stockton, Midland and Odessa, Texas. The self-concept scores were treated for significance by an analysis of variance. Findings were that all groups tested scored within the age range, junior high school CVAE students scored lowest, but not significantly lower (p > .05); and junior high school CVAE students, alternative school students, and high school CVAE students all had a slight increase in self-confidence scores over the two-month period. All null hypotheses were retained. It was concluded that, overall, junior high school CVAE students, former dropouts who returned to an alternative school, and high school CVAE students possessed positive self-concepts that were above the national mean for the scale; and that CVAE classes enhance the self-concept of academically disadvantaged students in Cooperative Education classes.