International air transport has been one of the most highly regulated and restrictive industries in the world, governed by bilateral air services agreements (BASAs). More recently progressive liberalisation, through the gradual removal of regulatory restrictions, has taken place in major air markets of the world. In Africa, more than a decade ago, African leaders agreed to liberalise the intra-African aviation market through the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) of 2000 but its full potential across the Continent has not yet been realised. Many studies worldwide have been done on air liberalisation and its impact on air traffic flows but very few include Africa. This study focuses on the impact on air passenger traffic flows of South Africa’s aviation policy in Africa by investigating the link between South Africa’s aviation policy, as reflected in the design of its BASAs, and air passenger traffic flows over an 11 year period (2000 to 2010). A mixed research methodology was followed. Qualitatively, a two-round Delphi technique was employed to determine the views of aviation experts from academia, the public and private sectors, on features of BASAs, as well as those unrelated to BASAs, that have an influence on air passenger traffic flows between country-pairs in Africa. Twenty-five BASA features and 48 non-BASA factors were identified from which a conceptual framework was formulated. The quantitative phase aimed at estimating and statistically quantifying the impact of the degree of restrictiveness or liberalisation of the respective BASAs, as measured by four variants of the Air Liberalisation Index (ALI): STD, 5th+, DES+ and OWN+. It also aimed at identifying which specific provisions of BASAs had the most significant impact on air passenger traffic flows. A fixed one-way panel regression technique was applied to the selected 11 year panel data set of 42 African countries, representing five markets: intra- African; the SADC; West African; East African and North African. A number of other predictors were also identified which meant that the impact of the aviation policy on air passenger traffic flows could not be tested in isolation: the degree of liberalisation of the policy as measured by the ALI; the number of years BASAs have been in place; GDP; the presence of a low-income country; the magnitude of services trade flows; and population size. The simultaneous impact of the six predictors was tested in each of the five markets with the various markets showing different predictors as being statistically significant. In the intra-African and SADC regional markets these were Trade, ALI and GDP; in the East African market Low Income, Trade, ALI and Population but in the North African market only GDP. Where the impact of the aviation policy was found to be significant, individual provisions such as fifth freedom traffic rights, capacity, designation and cooperative arrangements were tested for their impact on air passenger traffic over two time periods: 2000 – 2010 and 2006 – 2010. These also proved to be significantly different for the various regions. The results of this research provide new insights into the relationship between air passenger traffic flows and aviation policy in the South African – intra-African and regional contexts. The research technique used in the South African – intra-African market expands on the established cross-sectional 2005 QUASAR database, laying a foundation for similar studies in other regions where impact of policy over time can be established. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Tourism Management / unrestricted

The diploma thesis "Global cities in the air transport system" is focused on the importance of global cities for the international airline network. The first chapter defines significant clasification of the global cities and subsequently, the operational ranking is created based on the three selected rankings of global cities. Second chapter is dedicated to the system of air transport and also defines the main air transport hubs in particular world regions. Following chapter analyses transportation outputs of the airports of global cities and its growth in years 2004 - 2008 based on the economic level of each state. It also identifies factors that have the highest influence on the air transport outputs within the frame of global cities. In last chapter, the selected global cities are ranked by their connectivity within airline network based on the results of analysis of airline connectivity of global cities. In the conclusions the importance of the global cities for international airline network is summarised.

EUROPEAN AIR HUBS IN THE CONTEXT OF NETWORK AND ITS RESISTANCE AGAINST DISTURBANCES Abstract The submitted master thesis is addressing the theme of connectivity of European Air Transport Network, its properties and resistance against negative influences based on data from flight schedules for winter season 2018. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse European Air Transport Network from the point of connectivity in order to find out the most important airport hubs according to their geographic conditions, community structure and resistance of the whole network. Used methods are based on the Graph Theory and the centrality measures as indicators of connectivity. The empiric part of the thesis is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part is to find out, what airports are the most important in the European Air Transport Network. In the second part are explored properties and structure of the network. The last part is aiming to analyse the resistance of the European Air Transport Network from the view of robustness and resilience. Among the most important air hubs in Europe belong airports, that are serving world cities and tourist attractive localities. There is a strong dominance of the Schiphol airport in Amsterdam, the El Prat airport in Barcelona and the Frankfurt Airport. The European Air...

[pt] Nesta dissertação, estuda-se a discriminação de preços no transporte aéreo brasileiro. A base de dados, construída a partir das respostas dos passageiros na Pesquisa O/D, contém informações a que as companhias aéreas não têm acesso. Passageiros com maior renda e que viajam a trabalho pagam preços maiores, e o uso de vários controles nas regressões permite concluir que isso é explicado, em parte, por discriminação de preços. Desenvolve-se um modelo empírico de discriminação de preços, em que uma firma utiliza os atributos das passagens para prever a disposição a pagar dos consumidores e, assim, estabelecer os preços. Empregando as estimativas dos parâmetros do modelo, consideram-se cenários contrafactuais em que há restrições sobre a discriminação de preços. Em média, restringir a discriminação de preços geraria uma redução do excedente do consumidor da ordem de 10 por cento. / [en] This dissertation studies price discrimination in the Brazilian airline market. The data used are from the O/D Survey, which involved interviews with passengers. This enables us to have in our data set information that airlines do not have. Business travelers and those with higher incomes pay higher prices. By including several controls in the regressions, we obtain evidence that this is due to price discrimination, at least to some extent. We develop an empirical model of price discrimination, in which a firm uses ticket attributes to predict consumers’ willingness to pay and thus sets its prices. The model’s estimated parameters are used to construct counterfactual scenarios where price discrimination is constrained. On average, restricting price discrimination would reduce consumer surplus by approximately 10 per cent.

A necessidade de um instrumento de transporte aéreo mais eficiente e seguro aliado ao Porto de Santos, capaz de promover a expansão e o desenvolvimento equilibrado da capital, do interior, do litoral sul e do norte do estado de São Paulo, através do incremento das conexões com a Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, funcionando como receptor e transmissor de energia, fluxos sociais, urbanos e econômicos na esfera macro metropolitana da capital, foi o motivo pelo especial interesse em desenvolver essa pesquisa. Nesse contexto a Base Aérea de Santos apresenta um potencial \"sui generis\" de criação de um complexo intermodal de cargas e de passageiros com a fusão única de ar, água, transportes ferroviário e rodoviário, na América Latina. Partindo de uma análise sistemática do contexto histórico da região, da sua atual conjuntura econômica e do funcionamento da logística de transporte de pessoas e mercadorias desse sistema, são delineadas as potencialidades do objeto de estudo como ponto estratégico para esse fim. / The need for a more efficient and safe air transport instrument connected to Santos Port, able to promote the expansion and balanced development of São Paulo capital, interior, south and north coast of the state by increasing the connections to the Metropolitan Region of Santos, acting as receiver and transmitter of energy, social, urban and economic flows on the macro metropolitan sphere of capital, was the reason of the special interest in developing this research. In this context, the Santos Air Base presents a potential sui generis creation of an intermodal complex of cargo and passenger with a unique fusion of air, water, rail and road transport in Latin America. Based on a systematic analysis of the historical context of the region, its current economic situation and the functioning of people and freight logistics of this system, are outlined the potential of the object of study as a strategic point for this purpose.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T18:12:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ ANTONIO FIGUEIREDO.pdf: 5501025 bytes, checksum: 98fb8b800c62427de5e93d93791120c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T18:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ ANTONIO FIGUEIREDO.pdf: 5501025 bytes, checksum: 98fb8b800c62427de5e93d93791120c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Due to the growth of the amount of air transport travelers around the world, it is necessary to deploy an efficient control of the passenger flow in the internal processes of the airport terminals. Like every public place, airport terminals have always been vulnerable to all kinds of crimes. In addition, terminal security concerns not only encompass the fight against acts of terrorism, but also involve problems that may adversely influence the operations of the airport. This work aims to present a model, based on computational simulation of passenger service process from a safety inspection of the airport terminal of Goiânia. It was develop a combined method, based on a quantitative method to deal with measurable elements with a qualitative method to assess the complexity of the problem analyzed. Through the simulation, using Flexsim software it was modelled the inspection system of an airport security, leading to conclusions that the characteristics of passengers directly influence the processing times in the system. In this regard, it was noted the lack of information regarding the procedures that passengers should adopt in relation to their belongings and clothing during the crossing of the airport security system. / Devido ao crescimento da quantidade de viajantes no transporte aéreo em todo o mundo, faz-se necessário implantar um controle eficiente do fluxo de passageiros nos processos internos dos terminais aeroportuários. Como todo local público, os terminais aeroportuários sempre são vulneráveis a todos os tipos de crimes. Além disso, as preocupações da segurança do terminal não englobam somente a luta contra atos de terrorismo, mas também problemas que podem influenciar negativamente as operações do aeroporto. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um modelo, baseado na simulação computacional, do processo de atendimento de passageiros do ponto de inspeção de segurança do terminal aeroportuário de Goiânia. Para atingir seus objetivos foi construído um método combinado, de natureza quantitativa para lidar com elementos mensuráveis do processo de inspeção de segurança, com uma análise qualitativa, destinada a avaliar mais profundamente a complexidade do problema. Através da simulação realizada no software Flexsim, foram obtidos resultados estatísticos de desempenho do sistema de inspeção de segurança do aeroporto, permitindo concluir que as características dos passageiros influenciam diretamente os tempos de processamento no sistema. Nesse sentido, foi constatada a falta de informações a respeito dos procedimentos que os passageiros devem adotar em relação aos seus pertences e vestimentas durante o atravessamento no processo de inspeção.

O setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro apresenta uma dinamicidade socioespacial que está relacionada à atuação e às ações estratégicas desenvolvidas pelas companhias aéreas em múltiplas escalas territoriais. Este trabalho se propõe analisar e discutir as estratégias empresariais no setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro considerando as principais companhias do país, pois são essas que empreendem uma constante dinâmica a partir de ações estratégicas que promovem a concorrência e a competitividade, mas que também se consubstanciam por estratégias de cooperação. Ao analisar a reprodução do capital empresarial, este trabalho discute as estratégias de três das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras que concentram a maioria dos voos realizados no país, sendo: a TAM Linhas Aéreas, a GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes e a AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considerando a integração entre a dinâmica do capital e a dinâmica territorial, defendemos a tese de que há uma indissociabilidade na relação entre as ações do capital empresarial em determinados territórios e aeroportos que constituem o interesse das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras. O objetivo primordial das empresas aéreas é buscar e garantir um maior alcance do seu poder de atuação territorial. Assim, essas ações estratégias são desenvolvidas para obter e deter o domínio, a supremacia de expansão do poder territorial, daí a constante necessidade de se promover acordos e alianças com outras companhias. Diante dessa abordagem, somam-se elementos como: a concorrência, a competitividade, a cooperação, a distribuição das malhas aéreas e a definição dos principais hubs aeroportuários, as concessões de aeroportos à iniciativa privada e a participação e influência das ações do capital estrangeiro. Em síntese, esses elementos constituem um conjunto de referências para analisar e discutir as ações do capital empresarial integrada à busca por poder de atuação territorial. / The Brazilian air transport sector has socio-spatial dynamics that are related to the performance and strategic actions developed by the airlines at multiple territorial levels. This study aims to analyze and discuss the business strategies in the Brazilian air transport sector considering the leading companies in the country, for these are the agents that engage in a constant and relevant dynamic based on strategic actions that promote rivalry and competition, but that are also supported by cooperative strategies. By analyzing the reproduction of business capital, this work discusses the strategies of three Brazilian companies that operate most flights in the country, namely: TAM Linhas Aéreas, GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes and AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considering the integration between capital dynamics and territorial dynamics, we defend the thesis that there is an inseparable link between the effects of business capital and certain territories and airports, which constitute the fundamental interests of the main Brazilian airlines. The primary objective of these companies is to pursue and ensure an increase in their potential territorial range. As such, these strategic actions are developed to obtain and hold the command, the supremacy over the expansion of territorial power. It is this that gives rise to the constant need to promote agreements and alliances with other companies. This approach is supplemented by such elements as: rivalry, competition, cooperation, distribution of air networks, definition of the main airport hubs, public concessions of airports to private companies, in addition to the participation and influence of foreign capital. In summary, these elements constitute a set of references to analyze and discuss the effects of business capital integrated with the search to control territorial range.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-12T21:02:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Sâmia R P de Jesus.pdf: 1496109 bytes, checksum: 39f7de05bedc950f76b531552785b161 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-15T18:21:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Sâmia R P de Jesus.pdf: 1496109 bytes, checksum: 39f7de05bedc950f76b531552785b161 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-15T18:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Sâmia R P de Jesus.pdf: 1496109 bytes, checksum: 39f7de05bedc950f76b531552785b161 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T18:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Sâmia R P de Jesus.pdf: 1496109 bytes, checksum: 39f7de05bedc950f76b531552785b161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-22 / Não Informada / Logistics has become a very important primary activity, assigning a key factor of competitiveness to the logistics costs. The search for a sustainable competitive advantage has become a concern of organizations toward the market actualities. This research assessed the competitiveness related to the costs of logistics processes of the air transportation for the watches industry at the Manaus Industrial Hub - Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM). This survey was conducted through qualitative, exploratory, documental and sampling (accessibility and convenience) methods, where 80% of the population answered questionnaires, with a confidence interval of 99%. Two questionnaires were used: the first collected data regarding logistics costs of participating companies and the second collected data regarding the perception of the same population regarding the avaliation of competitiveness related to the logistics costs. Logistical factors, identified through the existing relationship between suppliers and customers, were based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, through the movements between inputs and outputs of finished goods, identified in logistics processes of transport, handling, storage and clearance, being the calculation done through activity-based costs method (ABC). More than 70% of companies bring their supplies using domestic air transportation. For international supplies, 42% of companies use the sea and air multimodality and 32% use only air transportation. For transportation of finished products in the domestic market, 99.7% of companies use air transportation. The months of October and November were considered as the “high season”. The seasonality of the retail sector directly impacts the purchase of watches, mainly on special celebrations as the Mother's Day, Valentine's Day and Christmas. Regarding costs, the shipping cost is the most important one, accounting for more than 85% of the total cost, followed by 6.7% at warehouse processes, 4.8% for local transportation and 2.4% of customs clearance. Thus the total logistics costs in “high season” is R$ 6.1 million, which represents 7.7% of revenues in the sector. Conclude that logistics costs in 2013 affected the competitiveness of these companies, because in the most part of the respondents opinion, watches companies located at PIM has no competitive logistics costs, considering the reality of each company, the economic scenario at PIM and national and international economic scenario as well. The reduction of logistics costs, reduction of tax burden, mainly related to the cost of personnel could help to the reduction of this indicator. Another factor that would help to the reduction of logistics costs in air transportation would be the investments in infrastructure, with bigger volume of funds invested and more quality as well. As a practical contribution, it is proposed that the model might be used as a tool for assessing logistics costs of companies. The research can be justified as per interest of the academic community, in order to develop methods for verification and management of logistics costs related to the evaluation of the competitiveness of companies. / A logística tornou-se uma atividade primária de grande importância, atribuindo aos custos logísticos o fator chave de competitividade. A busca da vantagem competitiva sustentável tem se tornado uma preocupação das organizações perante as realidades do mercado. Esta pesquisa avaliou a competitividade em relação aos custos dos processos logísticos do modal aéreo para o setor produtor de relógios do Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM). A pesquisa foi realizada por meio dos métodos qualitativos, exploratórios, documental e amostrais por acessibilidade e conveniência, onde 80% da população respondeu o questionário, com intervalo de confiança de 99%. Foram aplicados dois questionários, sendo que o primeiro consistiu na coleta de dados sobre os custos logísticos das empresas participantes e o segundo na coleta da percepção dos respondentes quanto a avaliação da competitividade em relação aos custos logísticos. Os fatores logísticos identificados por meio da relação existente entre fornecedores e clientes foram fundamentados no modelo de referência Modelo de Referência para Operações na Cadeia de Suprimentos (SCOR), através das movimentações de entradas e saídas de produtos acabados, identificados nos processos logísticos de transporte, movimentação, armazenagem e desembaraço, sendo o cálculo realizado por meio do método de custeio por atividades. Mais de 70% das empresas transportam os insumos nacionais pelo modal aéreo e nos insumos internacionais, 42% usam a multimodalidade marítimo e aéreo e 32% usam o aéreo. Para o transporte de produtos acabados no mercado nacional, 99,7% das empresas usam o modal aéreo. Os meses de outubro e novembro foram considerados os de maior movimentação. A sazonalidade do varejo impacta diretamente o setor de relógios, principalmente nas datas comemorativas, tais como: dia das mães, dia dos namorados e Natal. O custo de transporte é o mais relevante, correspondendo mais de 85% do custo total, seguido de 6,7% nos processos de armazenagens, 4,8% em movimentação e 2,4% de desembaraços aduaneiros. Assim, os custos logísticos totalizam no mês de maior movimentação R$ 6,1 milhões, representando 7,7% do faturamento do setor. Conclui-se que os custos logísticos de 2013 afetaram a competitividade destas empresas, pois na opinião da maioria dos respondentes, as empresas de relógio do PIM não possuem custos logísticos competitivos, considerando os cenários da própria empresa, do setor no PIM, nacional e internacional. A redução dos custos com logística e a desoneração da carga tributária, vinculada principalmente ao custo de pessoal poderiam contribuir na redução deste indicador. Outro fator que contribuiria para a redução dos custos com logística no modal aéreo seria a realização de investimentos em infraestrutura, com maior volume de recursos aplicados e mais qualidade. Como contribuição prática propõe-se que o modelo seja usado como instrumento de avaliação dos custos logísticos de empresas. A pesquisa pode ser justificada quanto ao interesse da comunidade acadêmica em desenvolver métodos sobre apuração e gestão de custos logísticos relacionados à avaliação da competitividade de empresas.

A necessidade de um instrumento de transporte aéreo mais eficiente e seguro aliado ao Porto de Santos, capaz de promover a expansão e o desenvolvimento equilibrado da capital, do interior, do litoral sul e do norte do estado de São Paulo, através do incremento das conexões com a Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, funcionando como receptor e transmissor de energia, fluxos sociais, urbanos e econômicos na esfera macro metropolitana da capital, foi o motivo pelo especial interesse em desenvolver essa pesquisa. Nesse contexto a Base Aérea de Santos apresenta um potencial \"sui generis\" de criação de um complexo intermodal de cargas e de passageiros com a fusão única de ar, água, transportes ferroviário e rodoviário, na América Latina. Partindo de uma análise sistemática do contexto histórico da região, da sua atual conjuntura econômica e do funcionamento da logística de transporte de pessoas e mercadorias desse sistema, são delineadas as potencialidades do objeto de estudo como ponto estratégico para esse fim. / The need for a more efficient and safe air transport instrument connected to Santos Port, able to promote the expansion and balanced development of São Paulo capital, interior, south and north coast of the state by increasing the connections to the Metropolitan Region of Santos, acting as receiver and transmitter of energy, social, urban and economic flows on the macro metropolitan sphere of capital, was the reason of the special interest in developing this research. In this context, the Santos Air Base presents a potential sui generis creation of an intermodal complex of cargo and passenger with a unique fusion of air, water, rail and road transport in Latin America. Based on a systematic analysis of the historical context of the region, its current economic situation and the functioning of people and freight logistics of this system, are outlined the potential of the object of study as a strategic point for this purpose.

[pt] O paradigma da vantagem competitiva e da visualização da arena de negócios como um campo de batalha, questionado desde o seu auge, na década de 80, vem sendo revisto à medida que novas configurações organizacionais, de caráter colaborativo, têm sido adotadas pelos agentes econômicos como forma de lidar com a complexidade que tem norteado o ambiente em que se encontram inseridos. O tema tem sido alvo de um expressivo número de publicações, e crescentes esforços têm sido destinados à investigação do impacto da adoção de estratégias colaborativas no desempenho das firmas participantes. Na indústria de transporte aéreo, também a formação de alianças de múltiplos parceiros, ou constelações, tem despertado o interesse de pesquisas nesse sentido. Esse trabalho soma-se a essas pesquisas, tendo por objetivo investigar o impacto da adoção de alianças estratégicas no desempenho das companhias aéreas que aderiram às grandes constelações formadas na década de 90. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, em que foram comparados, por métodos quantitativos, os indicadores de desempenho de 18 firmas da indústria nos períodos definidos como anteriores e posteriores à adesão às alianças, com base no banco de dados da ICAO- International Civil Aviation Organization. Constatou-se que a simples adesão a constelações não garantiu desempenhos isolados superiores. No entanto foi observado que em alguns casos, em função das estratégias colaborativas adotadas no conjunto, as empresas acabaram por obter ganhos significativos de desempenho. / [en] The competitive advantage archetype, as well as the idea of considering the management as a battle field, have been questioned since its height, in the eighties. These ideas have been being reviewed as new organizational configurations, with collaborative nature, have been adopted by the economic agents as a manner to deal with the complexity that has signed the environment in which they are living in. The theme has been focus of a significant number of studies and growing efforts have been dedicated to evaluate the impact of adopting collaborative strategies on the member firms performance. In the global airline industry, also the formation of multiple partners alliances, or constellations, has received the attention of researches with the same purpose. This work sums to these researches, aiming to investigate the impact of the adoption of strategic alliances on the performance of the airlines that joined the big constellations formed in the nineties. It is an empirical research, in which have been compared, using quantitative methods, the performance measurements of 18 firms of the industry, in the periods defined as previous and subsequent to the embracing to alliances, based on data of ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization. Among the main achievements, was found that just joining a constellation did not guarantee superior isolated performances. Nevertheless, was observed that, in some cases, due to the whole collaborative strategies used, firms ended having significant performance gains.