Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti vyresniųjų klasių mokinių lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes ypatumus ir jų sąsajas su alkoholio vartojimu. Tyrime dalyvavo 253 Kauno miesto ir dviejų Jurbarko miesto mokyklų vyresniųjų klasių mokiniai (112 vaikinų ir 141 merginų). Lūkesčiams apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes nustatyti buvo naudojamos dvi metodikos: teigiamų ir neigiamų lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes skalės ir laisvųjų asociacijų metodas, kada tiriamųjų buvo prašoma užbaigti sakinį „Gerdama(s) alkoholį aš...“. Alkoholio vartojimo ypatumams įvertinti tiriamiesiems buvo pateikti šie klausimai: kaip jie geria alkoholį ir, ar jie buvo išgėrę tiek alkoholio, jog buvo girti. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog kuo didesni vaikinų ir merginų teigiamų lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes skalių įverčiai, tuo daugiau teigiamų lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes jie išvardina patys. Taip pat vaikinų ir merginų, kurių pirmasis įvardintas lūkestis apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes yra teigiamas, teigiamų lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes skalių įverčiai didesni, nei tų, kurių, pirmasis įvardintas lūkestis - neigiamas. Įvertinus alkoholio vartojimo ypatumų ir lūkesčių apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes sąsajas buvo nustatyta, jog kuo dažniau vaikinai ir merginos vartoja alkoholį, tuo labiau išreikšti jų teigiami lūkesčiai apie alkoholio vartojimo pasekmes ir tuo daugiau teigiamų lūkesčių jie gali išvardinti. Taip pat kuo daugiau kartų vaikinai ir merginos buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study was to examine the features of high school student’s alcohol outcome expectancies and their correlation with student’s alcohol use. The participants of this study were 253 (112 boys and 141 girls) high school students from one Kaunas city and two Jurbarkas city school’s. It was used two methods to evaluate alcohol outcome expectancies: positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies scales and free association method – participants had to finish the sentence “When I drink alcohol I …”. Also participants had to answer how often they drink alcohol and how many times in their lives they were drunk. Study’s results showed that high school student’s positive alcohol outcome expectancies scale scores correlate with the positive expectancies which they have named themselves. And the positive expectancies scale scores were higher of those students who’s first named alcohol outcome expectancy was positive than those students who’s first named alcohol outcome expectancy negative. Also the results showed that the more often students used alcohol and the more times they were drunk the higher positive alcohol outcome expectancies scale scores they had and the more positive expectancies they could name themselves. Also the more times girls were drunk the higher negative alcohol outcome expectancies scale scores they had.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarinaBFS.pdf: 1928015 bytes, checksum: d79600dcb09b2160c753301382067619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study has an object the understanding of the alcohol phenomenon consumption that occurs among teenagers. It is adopted as research locus catholic private schools of Natal - RN, which receive pupils proceeding from the social groups pertaining to the classes taken from Natal private schools. The researched public corresponds to 87 teenagers, who had answered to a mixing questionnaire, with open and closed questions. The research uses as a procedure the intentional election, which for the access easinesses privileges subjects who, at the moment of the research accomplishment, reveal to be in condition to participate of it. The study presents quantitative and qualitative character. It presents the following objectives: 1-Identify in which circumstances the teenagers make alcoholic beverage use; 2 -To identify the knowledge that the teenagers have on the alcohol effects; 3 -To identify the performance role of the school institution on the prevention of alcohol use by teenagers. The analysis method used corresponds to the one called answers interpretation method. Regards to the theoretical-methodological support, the Social Control Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory are adopted as referential. Its contained chapters are organized in the following way: The first chapter approaches the situation of drugs adolescent consumption in general and the social confrontation of this situation. The second chapter presents sociocultural aspects of the alcohol consumption and the description of some of the researched public characteristics. The third chapter emphasizes the school and its performance next to the teenagers and the society in general, towards the prevention and combat of the alcohol use, as well as of other drugs / O estudo O consumo do ?lcool entre adolescentes estudantes de escolas privadas cat?licas de Natal RN, 2004-2005 tem como objeto a compreens?o do fen?meno do consumo do ?lcool que ocorre entre os adolescentes. Adota-se como l?cus de pesquisa escolas privadas cat?licas de Natal RN, as quais atendem alunos provenientes de grupos sociais pertencentes ?s classes atendidas pelas escolas privadas de Natal. O p?blico pesquisado corresponde a 87 adolescentes que responderam ao question?rio misto, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A pesquisa utiliza como procedimento a amostra intencional, a qual, pelas facilidades de acesso, privilegia indiv?duos que no momento de realiza??o da pesquisa mostram-se em condi??o de participar da mesma. O estudo apresenta car?ter quantitativo e qualitativo. Apresenta os seguintes objetivos: 1-Analisar em que circunst?ncias os adolescentes fazem uso de bebidas alco?licas; 2- Identificar o conhecimento que os adolescentes t?m sobre os efeitos do ?lcool; 3 - Entender o papel de atua??o da institui??o escola na preven??o do uso do ?lcool pelos adolescentes. A an?lise privilegia a interpreta??o das respostas. No tocante ? fundamenta??o te?rico-metodol?gica adotam-se como referencial a Teoria do Controle Social e a Teoria do Interacionismo Simb?lico. Os cap?tulos aqui constantes encontram-se organizados da seguinte maneira: O primeiro capitulo aborda a situa??o atual de consumo adolescente de drogas em geral e o enfrentamento social desta situa??o. O segundo capitulo apresenta aspectos socioculturais do consumo do ?lcool e a descri??o de algumas caracter?sticas do p?blico pesquisado. O terceiro capitulo enfatiza a escola e sua atua??o junto aos jovens e ? sociedade em geral, no sentido de preven??o e combate ao uso do ?lcool bem como das demais drogas

This work focuses on research related to alcohol consumption of men and women students of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The purpose of my work is to find out what opinions/ experiences do the students have with alcoholic beverages. The main attention is aimed at these chapters: ethanol its production, properties and use, alcoholic beverages, effects on human organism, effect of ethanol in the blood and its elimination, alcohol addiction alcoholism, the consequences of alcohol addiction, the treatment of intoxication and prophylaxis. The applicative part includes prepared questionnaire and quantitative research dedicated to the target group of students of USB. The obtained data are compiled in spreadsheets, graphs and subsequently evaluated. The information is further analyzed in the discussion. The contribution of my work is located at the end.

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the topic of alcohol in general, more in detail in connection with the difference in consumption among women and men and its effects on the human organism and its health. In the practical part was made a questionnaire and conducted quantitative research designed for the target group of students of the University of South Bohemia. Data obtained by processing the survey was recorded, evaluated and presented in graphs with commentary; discussions then took place and were determined conclusions.

Relatively little is known regarding trait anxiety and its relationship with negative health risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in adults. This study aimed to examine whether negative health risk behaviors differ by sex and whether trait anxiety is associated with the negative health risk behaviors above and beyond sociodemographic factors and depression. Data used in the present study came from a published dataset from the Midlife in the United States 2 (MIDUS 2) study and include a sample of 1,054 adults whose age range from 34 to 84 years. There were significant sex differences in alcohol consumption, but not in physical inactivity. Age, sex, BMI, and depression were significantly associated with alcohol consumption or physical inactivity, whereas trait anxiety was not. These results suggest that sociodemographic variables and depression should be taken into consideration when studying negative health risk behaviors. / Det finns relativt lite kunskap om ångest och dess förhållande till negativa hälsobeteenden som alkoholkonsumtion och fysisk inaktivitet hos vuxna individer. Denna studie avsåg undersöka om negativa hälsobeteenden varierade beroende på kön och om ångest har en relation till negativa hälsobeteenden utöver sociodemografiska faktorer och depression. De data som användes i denna studie kommer från ett offentligt data-set från the Midlife in the United States 2-studien (MIDUS 2) som omfattar 1054 vuxna deltagare med en ålder mellan 34 och 84 år. Det påfanns signifikanta könsskillnader inom alkoholkonsumtion men inte inom fysisk inaktivitet. Variablerna ålder, kön, BMI och depression hade en signifikant koppling till alkoholkonsumtion och fysisk inaktivitet, men ett liknande samband kunde inte påfinnas mellan ångest och de två hälsobeteendena. Detta indikerar således att man bör studera sociodemografiska variabler och depression i relation till negativa hälsobeteenden då det verkar finnas en tydlig koppling.

A eficácia e a segurança do acamprosato foram avaliadas no tratamento ambulatorial de setenta e cinco pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 59 anos, com diagnóstico de dependência de álcool pelo CID-10. O estudo foi controlado duplo-cego, com duração de 24 semanas. Transtornos clínicos e/ou psiquiátricos que necessitassem de internação, uso de medicação psiquiátrica, quadros psicóticos prévios independentes do consumo de álcool e hipersensibilidade ao acamprosato foram critérios de exclusão. Após um período de desintoxicação de uma semana, os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o primeiro grupo recebeu acamprosato (6 comprimidos de 333 mg por dia durante 12 semanas), e o segundo recebeu placebo (6 comprimidos por dia durante 12 semanas). Após as primeiras 12 semanas, os pacientes continuaram o tratamento por mais 12 semanas sem uso de medicação. Os grupos foram comparados quanto a sintomas depressivos, uso de álcool, efeitos colaterais das medicações, exames laboratoriais e tempo de abstinência contínuo. 25% dos pacientes que estavam recebendo acamprosato e 20% dos pacientes que estavam recebendo placebo foram excluídos do seguimento. Os pacientes que receberam acamprosato mostraram maior taxa de abstinência contínua no final das 24 semanas de tratamento quando comparados aos que receberam placebo (57% versus 25%, p = 0,014), e tiveram uma duração média de abstinência contínua de 18,8 semanas enquanto o grupo placebo teve uma duração média de abstinência contínua de 12 semanas (p = 0,003). Efeitos colaterais foram registrados. O acamprosato mostrou-se ser seguro e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes dependentes de álcool e na manutenção da abstinência durante 24 semanas. / The efficacy and security of acamprosate were evaluated in the treatment of 75 men, between 18 and 59 years of age, with diagnosis of alcohol dependence by ICD-10. It was a double-blind, placebo controlled study, 24 weeks long. Patients with disorders that should be treated in an inpatient setting, using psychiatric medications, relating previous psychoses without alcohol use and with hipersensibility to acamprosate were excluded. After a one-week detoxification period, the patients were randomily divided in two groups: the first group received acamprosate (6 tablets of 333 mg a day during 12 weeks) and the second group received placebo (6 tablets during 12 weeks). After the first 12 weeks, the patients continued the follow-up for 12 weeks more without medication. The groups were compared in terms of depressive symptoms, use of alcohol, side effects of medications and laboratory tests. 25% of patients who were receiving acamprosate dropped out, whereas 20% of the placebo-treated patients dropped out of the study. Patients who were receiving acamprosate showed significantly higher continuous abstinence rate within the 24 weeks of treatment compared with patients who were assigned to placebo treatment (57% versus 25%, p = 0,014), and they had significantly longer mean abstinence duration of 18,8 weeks versus 12 weeks abstinent (p = 0,003). Few side effects were related. Acamprosate proved to be safe and an effective aid in the treatment of alcohol dependent patients and in maintaining the abstinence of patients during 24 weeks.

To drink moderately can be hard for many people and there is a lot of norms that will amp up the temptation to drink more. In this essay the focus is to see what effect technology has when it comes to regulate alcohol consumption. The technology reviewed was the application Promillekoll, created by Systembolaget. This application gives the user an estimated value on what blood alcohol level the user had after consuming alcohol. By using different methods to collect data it helped to locate what kinds of norms there was when alcohol was being consumed and how they are playing a part in the regulation of alcohol. This essay also helped to figure out what kind of trust the user has for this type of application and what the application need so that the user will continue to use the application. The result indicate that the user can achieving a change in their behavior but they need the right attitude to achieve it. Many wanted an update of the features in the application to make it more appealing for them to use it, because the interaction in the application is not perfect. The main thing that hindering the application was the social norms that comes with drinking alcohol. / Att dricka lagom mycket kan vara svårt för många och det finns flera normer som ökar påfrestelsen att dricka mera. I denna studie ligger fokus på att ta reda på vilken effekt tekniken har när det kommer till att reglera alkoholkonsumtion. Den teknik som granskades är applikationen Promillekoll, som är en applikation framtagen av Systembolaget. Den ger  användaren ett uppskattat värde av ens promillehalt när de dricker. Men hjälp av olika metoder samlades data in för att ta reda på över vilka typer av normer som finns när det kommer till alkoholkonsumtion och hur de spelar in för regleringen av alkohol samt ta reda på hur stor tillit användarna hade till applikationen och vad som krävdes för att de skulle fortsätta användningen av applikationen. Resultatet tyder på att det går att uppnå en förändring med hjälp av applikationen men då krävs det att användaren har rätt attityd från början. Många respondenter ville däremot ha en uppdatering av applikationen då interaktionen inte var så effektiv som den skulle kunnat vara. Dock stod flera sociala normer i vägen för att tekniken skulle kunna vara effektiv.

Abstract A profile on alcohol consumption among South African dentists – A dentist’s perspective: JH Olivier Background This study investigated alcohol use linked to the stress of a selected sample of South African dentists. The only other related topic in South Africa, that the researcher could find, was done in 1996 at the University of Stellenbosch. The literature suggests that prevalence studies of substance use and abuse rarely include dentists. Methods A dominant quantitative approach with a less dominant qualitative approach was utilized. The quantitative-descriptive design (survey with a questionnaire) was used to obtain data with regard to biographical/background information, stress and coping, quantity and frequency of alcohol use, and dysfunction as a result of alcohol use among a randomly selected sample of 110 South African dentists with a response rate of 70%. The respondents’ perspective on alcohol use linked to the stress of the dental profession with recommendations were also obtained. For the qualitative data collection, the researcher utilized the collective case study. He planned semi-structured interviews with an interview schedule with five dentists that have already had treatment for alcohol abuse or were self-characterized as problem drinkers. Unfortunately, two of the respondents who characterized themselves as heavy alcohol users died before they could be interviewed. Because of ethical reasons and the sensitivity of the topic they could not be replaced. Findings The quantitative study indicated that: (1) the respondents experienced significant amounts of occupational stress (2) the majority of the respondents do physical exercise to reduce their stress (3) a great number of respondents socialize with friends to reduce their stress (4) some respondents actually use alcohol to reduce their stress (5) stress levels of the respondents in private practice and stress levels of the respondents in other sectors are the same (6) alcohol consumption of male and female dentists is the same (7) respondents who reported less areas of stress consumed more alcohol than those who reported more areas of stress (8) a great number of the respondents experience high stress levels but do not use alcohol, or they only use alcohol to socialize (9) less than 3% of the respondents reported that alcohol use has affected their work as a dentist (10) the majority of the respondents believe that some dentists consume alcohol as a coping mechanism concerning social anxiety, occupational stress and personal factors. The qualitative study indicated that: (1) the habit of alcohol use that may lead to alcohol dependency starts at university (2) the respondents, who had treatment for alcohol dependency, experienced high levels of occupational stress (3) the respondents link their dependency directly to the stress and strain of their profession. Conclusions There are more intense and less intense stressors among South African dentists and there are some dentists that consume alcohol to relieve the stress and strain of their profession. However, the majority only use alcohol as a way of socializing. Less than 3% of the respondents reported that alcohol use has affected their work as a dentist. Recommendations Modules on coping mechanisms linked to the stress and strain of the dental profession should be included in the curricula at dental schools. The compulsory CPD programme of the HPCSA should include stress management and healthy coping mechanism courses. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This essay investigates the status of alcohol consumption in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby (1925). The analysis focuses on character study reading of Jay Gatsby, and Tom and Daisy Buchanan in conjunction with Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of habitus, by placing habitus in the specific historical context of the novel. The analysis focuses on the social structures of the alcohol-consuming upper-class Americans, and the reproduction of internalized practices during Prohibition. Drinking alcohol is seen as a valued, cultural capital among the elite society and used as a tool in a competition of power. The Buchanans, as true members of their class, are constantly intoxicated. For Gatsby, a sober man and an imposter of the elite society, drinking has no cultural value. I argue that, from the cultural aspect, Gatsby’s fall is a consequence of his soberness among the drunkenness of the hierarchy.

I det digitala samhället har reklamens utveckling och användning genomgått förändringar, där den visuella reklamen i sociala medier har blivit den mest framträdande formen av reklam. En särskilt kontroversiell typ av reklam är alkoholreklam, eftersom den kan påverka människor till ökad alkoholkonsumtion, vilket kan få negativa konsekvenser. För att reglera marknadsföringen av alkoholdrycker har Sverige infört restriktioner genom alkohollagen, vilket har skapat utmaningar för svenska företag. Som en följd av dessa restriktioner har företag börjat använda visuella resurser för att skicka implicita eller dolda meddelanden till sina målgrupper. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur svenska alkoholföretag använder semiotiska resurser för att skapa och förmedla dessa dolda meddelanden i sin marknadsföring på sociala medier. En fallstudie av Hernö Gin genomförs, där fokus ligger på semiotisk analys för att belysa vilka strategier som används för att marknadsföra alkohol i en social kontext där marknadsföringen av alkohol är begränsad. Genom att besvara dessa frågor kommer uppsatsen att bidra till forskningsområdet inom reklam på sociala medier genom att belysa hur reklamen har utvecklats och skapat nya strategier för att väcka intresse hos mottagarna och samtidigt hantera de juridiska begränsningarna. Reklamens natur är ständigt föränderlig, och strategierna anpassas kontinuerligt i takt med framväxten av nya kanaler och trender. Den ökade digitaliseringen har gett företagen nya möjligheter att nå ut med sin reklam till olika målgrupper genom olika digitala kanaler. Sociala medier har blivit en dominerande plattform för reklam, och visuell reklam har blivit en viktig del av skapandet av intresseväckande och effektiv reklam. Genom att använda sociala medier kan företag samla in data och analysera exponeringen av sin reklam för att snabbt kunna anpassa sina marknadsföringsstrategier. Semiotiska resurser används genom både visuella och narrativa former såsom objekt, ordspråk och beskrivningar för att skapa indirekta meddelanden som riktas till mottagarna. Dessa resurser kan vara symboler eller tecken som har en inneboende betydelse eller associeras med specifika känslor eller värden. Genom att använda sådana resurser kan alkoholföretag kommunicera med sin målgrupp på ett subtilt sätt, trots de begränsningar som alkohollagen innebär. Genom att förstå dessa strategier kan forskningen inom reklam på sociala medier vidareutvecklas och ge insikt i hur reklambranschen anpassar sig till de juridiska restriktionerna och samtidigt skapar effektiva marknadsföringskampanjer. Det kan även vara värdefullt för beslutsfattare och reglerande myndigheter att få insikt i hur företagen försöker nå ut till konsumenterna trots de begränsningar som är på plats. Slutligen kan en ökad medvetenhet om dessa semiotiska strategier hjälpa konsumenter att vara mer kritiska mot marknadsföringsbudskap och fatta mer informerade val när det gäller alkoholkonsumtion. / In the digital society, the development and use of advertising have undergone changes, where visual advertising on social media has become the most prominent form of advertising. A particularly controversial type of advertising is alcohol advertising, as it can influence people to increase their alcohol consumption, which can have negative consequences. In order to regulate the marketing of alcoholic beverages, Sweden has introduced restrictions through the alcohol law, which has created challenges for Swedish companies. As a result of these restrictions, companies have started using visual resources to send implicit or hidden messages to their target audiences. The purpose of this essay is to examine how Swedish alcohol companies use semiotic resources to create and convey these hidden messages in their marketing on social media. A case study of Hernö Gin is conducted, with a focus on semiotic analysis to highlight the strategies used to market alcohol in a social context where alcohol marketing is limited. By addressing these questions, the essay will contribute to the research field of advertising on social media by illustrating how advertising has evolved and created new strategies to generate interest among recipients while also dealing with legal constraints. The nature of advertising is constantly changing, and strategies are continuously adapted with the emergence of new channels and trends. Increased digitalization has given companies new opportunities to reach different target groups through various digital channels. Social media has become a dominant platform for advertising, and visual advertising has become an important part of creating engaging and effective advertisements. By using social media, companies can gather data and analyse the exposure of their advertisements to quickly adapt their marketing strategies. Semiotic resources are used through both visual and narrative forms such as objects, proverbs, and descriptions to create indirect messages directed at recipients. These resources can be symbols or signs that have inherent meaning or are associated with specific emotions or values. By using such resources, alcohol companies can communicate with their target audience in a subtle way, despite the limitations imposed by the alcohol law. Understanding these strategies can advance research in advertising on social media and provide insight into how the advertising industry adapts to legal restrictions while creating effective marketing campaigns. It can also be valuable for decisionmakers and regulatory authorities to gain insight into how companies attempt to reach consumers despite the constraints in place. Lastly, increased awareness of these semiotic strategies can help consumers be more critical of marketing messages and make more informed choices regarding alcohol consumption.