Visame pasaulyje susirūpinimą kelia vis prastėjanti jaunų žmonių sveikata. Šiandien studentų kūno kultūra ir sportas patiria krizę. Aukštosiose mokyklose gerokai sumažinus privalomų kūno kultūros pratybų, sumažėjo daugumos studentų fizinis aktyvumas. Tik pradėjus studijuoti, jau pirmaisiais studijų metais studentai praranda galimybę išsiugdyti reguliarių fizinių pratimų poreikį, kurį turėjo iki studijų. Visa tai sąlygoja studentų prastą mitybą, mažą fizinį aktyvumą, nemigą, nuovargį ir kt. (Genevičius, 1991). Hipotezė: Lietuvos sporto universiteto (toliau – LSU) studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, studijų metu didėja fizinis aktyvumas ir formuojasi nesveikos mitybos įpročiai. Darbo objektas: LSU studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, gyvensenos pokyčiai studijų metu. Darbo tikslas: Išsiaiškinti studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, gyvensenos pokyčius studijų metu. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti LSU pirmo ketvirto kurso studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, fizinį aktyvumą lyties aspektu. 2. Įvertinti LSU pirmo ketvirto kurso studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, mitybą ir mitybos įpročius lyties aspektu. 3. Įvertinti LSU pirmo ketvirto kurso studentų, studijuojančių su sveikatinimu susijusiose studijų programose, žalingų įpročių paplitimą lyties aspektu. 4. Įvertinti studentų gyvensenos pokyčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The actual concern in the worldwide is the continued deterioration of the young people’s health. It could be said that today students’ physical education and sport is in crisis at certain aspects. In the higher education institutions there were significantly reduced the physical education subjects and as a matter of fact the physical activity of the majority of the students were decreased. Starting their studies students at the very first year of the study are deprived of the opportunity to develop a regular exercises. Students’ nutrition becomes not well balanced also. It all leads to the poor diet, low physical activity, insomnia, fatigue and other (Genevičius, 1991). Hypothesis: Lithuanian Sports University (LSU) students, studying the health relating study programs, are facing increase physical activity and having unhealthy eating habits. The object of the research: The lifestyle changes during the studies of the LSU students, studying the health relating study programs. The aim of the research: To find out the lifestyle changes during the studies of the LSU students of the health relating study programs. The tasks of the research: 1. To evaluate LSU’s first-fourth year students’, studying the health relating study programs, physical activity by gender. 2. To evaluate LSU’s first-fourth year students’, studying the health relating study programs, diet and nutritional habits by gender. 3. To evaluate LSU’s first-fourth year students’ studying the health relating study... [to full text]

Aleksitimiški žmonės pasižymi silpnu gebėjimu kognityviai apdoroti ir reguliuoti emocijas, dėl to jiems yra sunku emocijas ir jausmus atskirti nuo kūno pojūčių, sunku jomis bendrauti, tokie žmonės pasižymi į išorę orientuotu mąstymu ir silpna vidine introspekcija. Šio tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti vyresnių klasių moksleivių aleksitimiškumo sąsajas su tabako rūkymu, alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimu ir požiūriu į juos bei šias medžiagas vartojančius asmenis. Tyrime dalyvavo 236 dviejų Jurbarko mokyklų vyresnių klasių moksleiviai (16-19 metų amžiaus) iš kurių rūkė 138 (42,30 %) moksleiviai, alkoholinius gėrimus vartojo 196 (60,1 %) moksleiviai. Tyrimo metu moksleiviai pildė savižinos klausimyną, sudarytą iš TAS-20 skalės, skirtos aleksitimiškumui matuoti, klausimų apie tabako rūkymo ir alkoholio vartojimo ypatybes ir skalių, skirtų požiūriui į tabako rūkymą, alkoholio vartojimą ir šias medžiagas vartojančius asmenis nustatyti. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad rūkymas su aleksitimiškumu nesisieja, tačiau dažnesnis ir didesnio kiekio alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimas statistiškai reikšmingai siejasi su labiau išreikštu aleksitimiškumu berniukų tarpe. Taip pat nustatyta, kad anksčiau alkoholinius gėrimus pradedantys vartoti moksleiviai (berniukai iki 13 metų, mergaitės iki 14 metų) pasižymi labiau išreikštu alekstimiškumu ir prastesniu gebėjimu atpažinti emocijas ir jausmus. Aleksitimiškumas su požiūriu nesisiejo. / Alexithimics are described as having poor cognitive emotion processing and regulation. For that reason, alexithimics have difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing between feelings and the bodily sensations of emotional arousal, difficulty in communicating emotions, and have external oriented thinking style and weak introspection. The aim of the study was to assess alexithymia associations with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and attitudes towards them and towards persons who consume these substances. The subjects of the study were 236 upperclassmen (age 16-19) from two schools in Jurbarkas. 138 (42,30 %) subjects smoked tobacco and 196 (60,1 %) consumed alcohol. Participants filled in a questionnaire composed of TAS-20 scale, questions about tobacco smoking, an evaluation of alcohol consumption, and an attitude scale towards tobacco and alcohol consumption and people who use these materials. The results of the study showed that there is no association between alexithymia and tobacco smoking. However, alcohol consumption has significant associations between alexithymia and frequent and larger quantities of alcohol consumption in the boy's sample. Also found was a significant association between alexithymia and early alcohol drinkers (for boys by 13 years old and for girls by 13 years old). These early alcohol drinkers also showed difficulty identifying feelings. This study showed no associations between alexithymia and the attitudes toward tobacco smoking... [to full text]

Some people develop problematic alcohol consumption. Explanations forthis have been proposed by the mediating influence of drinking motiveson the relationship between personality and alcohol use. The purpose ofthis study was to test whether such a mediating model can be applied to aSwedish population. Students (N=383) in Sweden answered aquestionnaire about personality, drinking motives, alcohol consumptionand alcohol-related problems. Mediation analysis was done to seewhether drinking motives could mediate the relationship betweenpersonality and alcohol outcomes for men and women. The resultsshowed that four paths of personality, drinking motives and alcohol canbe found in a Swedish population by using this mediational model.However, the model showed different paths for men and women. / En del människor utvecklar en problematisk alkoholkonsumtion.Förklaringar till detta har sökts i en medierande inverkan avdryckesmotiv i relationen mellan människors personlighet ochalkoholkonsumtion. Syftet med denna studie var att testa om en sådanmedierande modell går att tillämpa på en svensk population. Studenter(N=383) i Sverige besvarade en enkät om personlighet, dryckesmotiv,alkoholkonsumtion och alkohol-relaterade problem. Mediationsanalysergjordes för att se om dryckesmotiven skulle kunna medierarelationen mellan personlighet och alkoholutfall för män och kvinnor.Resultaten visade att fyra mönster av personlighet, dryckesmotiv ochalkohol i den medierande modellen går att finna på en svenskpopulation, dock olika för män och kvinnor.

Binge drinking as one of the alcohol consumption patterns, affects the quality of life of the drinker, significant others and the society in general. It contributes to negative social, economic and health effects on social support networks. This sub-study of the five year trans-disciplinary Alcohol study analysed the existing quantitative data of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The broad aim of the Alcohol study is to gain a better understanding of the alcohol consumption patterns and the causes and consequences of binge drinking amongst South African. The overarching aim of this sub-study was to identify the socioeconomic effects of binge drinking on support networks with a view to contributing to a development of a relevant, integrated and coherent strategy to address alcohol abuse and misuse in the selected areas of the study. The study adopted a mixed methods approach by combining the qualitative and quantitative paradigms to understand the phenomenon of binge drinking and its effects on support networks more adequately. A literature study was undertaken to firstly understand the broader context of the social aspects of alcohol abuse in South Africa, and secondly, to understand social support, social support networks and social network analysis in relation to binge drinking from a conceptual and theoretical framework. Unpacking of the concepts social support, social support networks and social network analysis provided a base to argue that social support networks are affected by binge drinking because the drinker and networks such as family and service providers are interrelated and interdependent. Relevant theoretical frameworks that support this view that person and environment are related and cannot be separated because one affects the other as well, were used to substantiate the argument. Binge drinking was further cross tabulated with other relevant variables to further understand the alcohol consumption patterns. The profile of social problems from the PURE data provided a picture of the challenges in the demarcated areas. As such poverty, low educational level and income were used as markers of socio-economic position. Having identified binge drinking as one pattern of alcohol consumption used in the communities, the study further identified the socio-economic effects experienced by support networks through semi-structured interviews with a schedule and focus groups. The family members and service providers as key informants were identified as support networks. The identified family support network representatives were children, spouse, parents and a sibling and they explained their experiences with a binge drinker. Specific themes of social support were used to describe their experiences of support. These themes are: types of support provided; recipient perception, reciprocal support and behaviour of the provider. The results indicated that support networks are negatively affected by binge drinking because social support is not provided as expected. Performance of roles is compromised and binge drinkers socially constructed views of being justified to abuse of alcohol in that they themselves were exposed to the same situation as children, thus the children are expected to accept their drinking and the socio-economic situation. The community support networks were interviewed to obtain information on the alcohol abuse and socio-economic conditions in the selected communities and to identify the intervention strategies employed to combat the alcohol abuse problems. Suggestions to enhance intervention strategies are proposed focusing on assessment of risk and risk environment, targeted interventions, multi-level synergistic intervention and multi-disciplinary roles and partnerships. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Binge drinking as one of the alcohol consumption patterns, affects the quality of life of the drinker, significant others and the society in general. It contributes to negative social, economic and health effects on social support networks. This sub-study of the five year trans-disciplinary Alcohol study analysed the existing quantitative data of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The broad aim of the Alcohol study is to gain a better understanding of the alcohol consumption patterns and the causes and consequences of binge drinking amongst South African. The overarching aim of this sub-study was to identify the socioeconomic effects of binge drinking on support networks with a view to contributing to a development of a relevant, integrated and coherent strategy to address alcohol abuse and misuse in the selected areas of the study. The study adopted a mixed methods approach by combining the qualitative and quantitative paradigms to understand the phenomenon of binge drinking and its effects on support networks more adequately. A literature study was undertaken to firstly understand the broader context of the social aspects of alcohol abuse in South Africa, and secondly, to understand social support, social support networks and social network analysis in relation to binge drinking from a conceptual and theoretical framework. Unpacking of the concepts social support, social support networks and social network analysis provided a base to argue that social support networks are affected by binge drinking because the drinker and networks such as family and service providers are interrelated and interdependent. Relevant theoretical frameworks that support this view that person and environment are related and cannot be separated because one affects the other as well, were used to substantiate the argument. Binge drinking was further cross tabulated with other relevant variables to further understand the alcohol consumption patterns. The profile of social problems from the PURE data provided a picture of the challenges in the demarcated areas. As such poverty, low educational level and income were used as markers of socio-economic position. Having identified binge drinking as one pattern of alcohol consumption used in the communities, the study further identified the socio-economic effects experienced by support networks through semi-structured interviews with a schedule and focus groups. The family members and service providers as key informants were identified as support networks. The identified family support network representatives were children, spouse, parents and a sibling and they explained their experiences with a binge drinker. Specific themes of social support were used to describe their experiences of support. These themes are: types of support provided; recipient perception, reciprocal support and behaviour of the provider. The results indicated that support networks are negatively affected by binge drinking because social support is not provided as expected. Performance of roles is compromised and binge drinkers socially constructed views of being justified to abuse of alcohol in that they themselves were exposed to the same situation as children, thus the children are expected to accept their drinking and the socio-economic situation. The community support networks were interviewed to obtain information on the alcohol abuse and socio-economic conditions in the selected communities and to identify the intervention strategies employed to combat the alcohol abuse problems. Suggestions to enhance intervention strategies are proposed focusing on assessment of risk and risk environment, targeted interventions, multi-level synergistic intervention and multi-disciplinary roles and partnerships. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti dvidešimtmečių alkoholio vartojimo aspektus. Dvidešimtmečiai vyrai dažniausiai vartoja alų (82,9 proc.) ir degtinę (77,1 proc.), moterys dažniausiai vartoja vyną (73,7 proc.), alkoholinius kokteilius (65,8 proc.) ir šampaną (64,6 proc.). Kartu su draugais alkoholinius gėrimus vartoja 94,3 proc. vyrų, 87,1 proc. moterų. Noras atsipalaiduoti alkoholį vartoti skatina 74,3 proc. vyrų ir 73,7 proc. moterų. Dažniausiai vyrai alkoholį vartoja kartą per savaitę (42,9 proc.), bendraujant su draugais (48,6 proc.), bei dažniau išleidžia daugiau pinigų alkoholiui(22,9 proc.). Moterys dažniausiai alkoholį vartoja kartą per mėnesį (43,8 proc.), švenčių metu (65,4 proc.) ir išleidžia mažiau pinigų alkoholiui (83,3 proc.). Dažniausiai vyrai (40 proc.) ir moterys (39,2 proc.) teigia, kad pagrindinė problema susijusi su alkoholio vartojimu yra sugadinti daiktai ar drabužiai. Taip pat 32,5 proc. moterų nurodo sveikatos pablogėjimą. Vieniši respondentai dažniausiai alkoholį vartoja namuose (72,8 proc.), su draugais (91,5 proc.), kurie labiausiai ir skatina juos vartoti alkoholį (24,1 proc.). Vieniši respondentai labiau įsitikinę (42,9 proc.), kad jiems reikėtų mažiau vartoti alkoholinių gėrimų. 13,4 proc. vienišų respondentų jaučia gėdą dėl alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimo įpročių. 31,3 proc. vienišų respondentų alkoholį vartoja dažniau – kartą per savaitę. Su partneriais gyvenantys respondentai dažniau alkoholį vartoja švenčių metu (67 proc.), jie labiau įsitikinę (83... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study was to analyze the aspects of alcohol consumption among 20-yearold humans. The men in their twenties usually consumes beer (82.9 %) and vodka (77.1 %), while women tend to consume wine (73.7 %), alcoholic cocktails (65.8 %) and champagne (64.6 %). Together with friends the alcohol consumes 94.3 % of men and 87.1 % of women. The wish to relax promotes the use of alcohol in 74.3 % of men and 73.7 % of women. The men consume the alcohol mostly once a week (42.9 %) while communicating with friends (48.6 %), and often spend more money on alcohol (22.9 %) than women. Women usually consume alcohol once a month (43.8 %), on holidays (65.4 %) and spend less money on alcohol (83.3 %) than man. The large part of the men (40 %) and women (39.2 %) argue that the main reason associated with alcohol consumption are damaged items or clothing. Aggravation of health conditions may become the reason for alcohol consumtion in 32.5 % of women. Single respondents most frequently consumed the alcohol at home (72.8 %), with friends (91.5 %), who causes the main motivation for alcohol consumption (24.1 %). The large part of single respondents (42.9 %) are confident that they should reduce the amount of alcohol. 13.4 % of single respondents feel shame for alcohol consumption habits. 31.3 % of single respondents have the alcohol more frequently (once a week). Respondents living with partners have more alcohol during the holidays (67 %) and they are more confident (83 %) that they... [to full text]

O consumo de álcool tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública. Entretanto, também existem evidências de eventuais benefícios do consumo leve a moderado de algumas bebidas alcoólicas, no que se refere a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. As doenças periodontais, sendo a sexta doença crônica mais prevalente, também têm sido associadas ao consumo de álcool com resultados controversos. Esta tese avaliou, através de três artigos a relação entre consumo de álcool e doenças periodontais. O primeiro artigo de divulgação, tem por objetivo alertar a profissão a respeito do estado atual do conhecimento em relação a associação entre álcool e doenças periodontais. O segundo artigo é um estudo experimental em modelo animal que avaliou o efeito da dependência química álcool sobre desfechos periodontais. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na perda óssea alveolar e secreção de TNF-α. O terceiro artigo, também em modelo animal, abordou o consumo do vinho tinto e valeu-se de controles total, álcool a 12%, suco de uva e resveratrol. A análise de ocorrência de periodontite espontânea demonstrou que o vinho tinto tem potencial protetor para a perda óssea alveolar e secreção de TNF- α . Os resultados encontrados nessa tese são instigantes e estão em linha com a literatura que demonstra uma relação do tipo curva J entre álcool e doenças periodontais, na qual até um determinado nível, o fator comporta-se como protetor. Assim, essa relação deve ser considerada na abordagem clínica, sem incentivo ao consumo, mas compreendendo até onde este é tolerável e/ou benéfico no que se refere a doenças periodontais. / Alcohol consumption has been considered a public health problem. Otherwise, there is evidence of eventual benefits of a light to moderate consume of some alcoholic beverage, in relation to non-transmissible chronic disease. The periodontal diseases, being the sixth most prevalent chronic disease, also have been associated to alcohol consumption with controversial results. This thesis evaluated, through three articles the relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal diseases. The first article has the objective of alerting the professionals about the actual knowledge about the relationship between alcohol and periodontal diseases. The second article is an experimental study in animal model which evaluated the alcohol dependence over periodontal outcomes. The results did not show statistically significant differences in alveolar bone loss and TNF- α secretion. The third article, also in animal model, studied the red wine consumption and used total controls, 12% alcohol, grape juice and resveratrol. The analysis of the occurrence of spontaneous periodontitis demonstrated that red wine has a protector potential for alveolar bone loss and TNF- α secretion. The results found in this thesis are curious and they are in line with the literature that demonstrates a relationship like J-curve between alcohol and periodontal diseases, until some level, the factor behave as protector. So, this relation must be considered in clinical approaches, without encouraging the consumption, but understanding how much is tolerable and/or benefit according to periodontal diseases.

A associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e a incidência de hipertensão pode ser dependente do padrão de consumo e raça. Em um estudo de coorte de base populacional, foram entrevistados no domicílio 1089 adultos, selecionados ao acaso. A pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas foram aferidas de acordo com recomendações padronizadas. A quantidade de álcool consumida foi avaliada por um questionário de quantidade-freqüência. Binge drinking foi definido pelo consumo de 5 ou mais drinques em uma ocasião para homens ou 4 drinques para mulheres, e abuso de álcool, por consumo de 30 ou mais gramas por dia em homens ou 15 g ou mais em mulheres. Os entrevistadores classificaram a cor da pele dos participantes em brancos e não-brancos. Casos incidentes de hipertensão foram caracterizados por PA ≥ 140/90 mmHg ou uso de medicamento anti-hipertensivo. A razão de risco (RR) para incidência de hipertensão arterial foi computada em modelo de Cox. Entre os 589 indivíduos normotensos na entrevista basal, foram identificados 127 casos incidentes de hipertensão, após um seguimento de 5,6 ± 1,1 anos. Não houve associação de binge drinking e dependência de álcool (CAGE) com a incidência de hipertensão. A RR ajustada (idade, educação) para a incidência de hipertensão (IC 95% ) foi significativa apenas para indivíduos não-brancos que consumiam 30 g ou mais de etanol por dia: 7,3 (1,4 - 39,3). A pressão arterial sistólica aumentou entre os abusadores não brancos 16,1 ± 3,5 mmHg, em comparação com 4,9 ± 1,5 mmHg entre os abusadores brancos (P= 0,004). Indivíduos com ancestrais africanos que consumisam grandes quantidades de álcool apresentaram maior risco de desenvolverem hipertensão arterial. Este risco não foi explicado por binge drinking ou dependência de álcool. / The association between alcoholic beverage consumption and incidence of hypertension may be dependent of the pattern of consumption and race. In a population-based cohort study, 1089 adults, interviewed at home, had BP and anthropometric measurements carried out according to standardized recommendations. Alcohol consumption was ascertained by an amount-frequency questionnaire. Binge drinking was defined by consumption of 5 or more drinks in one occasion for male or 4 drinks for women, and abuse of alcohol by consumption of 30 or more grams per day in men or 15 g or more in women. Interviewers classified the skin color of participants in white and non-white. Incident cases of hypertension were characterized by BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of hypertension medication. Hazard ratios (HR) were computed in a Cox model. Among 589 normotensive individuals in the baseline visit, 127 incident cases of hypertension were identified, after a follow up of 5.6 ± 1.1 years. Binge drinking and alcohol dependency (CAGE) were not associated with the incidence of hypertension. Adjusted (age, education) HR for the incidence of hypertension (95% CI) was significant only for non-white individuals who consumed 30 g or more of ethanol per day: 7.3 (1.4 to 39.3). Systolic blood pressure of black abusers increased 16.1 ± 3.5, in comparison with 4.9 ± 1.5 mmHg among white abusers (P = 0.004). Individuals with an African ancestry, who consumed larger amounts of ethanol, were at higher risk of developing hypertension. This risk was not explained by binge drinking or addiction to alcohol.

Introdução A prevalência de síndrome metabólica está aumentando em todo o mundo. Sua associação com o consumo de álcool é controversa na literatura e há uma falta de dados que explorem a influência de beber com ou sem refeições. Objetivo Investigar as associações de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (quantidade, tipo predominante e momento de consumo) com a síndrome metabólica e seus componentes. Métodos Em análise transversal da linha de base do estudo ELSA-Brasil, foram incluídos 14.570 indivíduos. A associação entre a presença de síndrome metabólica e cada um dos seus componentes isolados com diferentes aspectos do consumo de álcool foi avaliada por meio de modelos de regressão logística com interações entre a quantidade consumida, a predominância do tipo de bebida (vinho, cerveja ou outra), e o momento mais frequente de consumo (junto às refeições, fora, ou tanto junto quanto fora). Resultados Em análises ajustadas por sexo, idade, cor da pele/raça, fumo, índice de massa corporal, nível educacional, renda per capita e classe socioeconômica, consumo leve (até 4 doses/semana) predominantemente de vinho junto das refeições esteve inversamente associado com síndrome metabólica (OR=0,69, IC95% 0,57 – 0,84), glicemia de jejum elevada (OR=0,83, IC95% 0,70 – 0,99), circunferência da cintura elevada (OR=0,65, IC95% 0,51 – 0,84) e baixo HDL-colesterol (OR=0,63, IC95% 0,50 – 0,79), comparados a quem não ingere bebida alcoólica regularmente. Beber predominantemente vinho, independente do momento de consumo, nunca foi associado significativamente com maiores chances de qualquer elemento da síndrome. Por outro lado, beber doses mais elevadas (mais de 7 doses/semana) predominantemente de cerveja, principalmente fora das refeições, esteve significativamente associado com síndrome metabólica (de 7 a 14 doses/semana: OR=1,43, IC95% 1,18 – 1,73; mais de 14 doses/semana: OR=1,70, IC95% 1,35 – 2,15), como também para cada um de seus componentes, com exceção de baixo HDL-colesterol. Conclusão A associação entre síndrome metabólica e alguns dos seus componentes individuais com o consumo de álcool diferiu-se em decorrência da predominância do tipo de bebida alcoólica e se ingerido junto ou fora das refeições. As chances de apresentar síndrome metabólica foram menores dentre indivíduos que consumiam pequenas doses predominantemente de vinho, em especial junto às refeições, enquanto que as chances foram maiores para aqueles que faziam uso predominante de cerveja, especialmente fora das refeições, em maiores quantidades. / Background The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide. Its association with alcohol intake is controversial, and data is sparse concerning the influence of drinking during, as opposed to outside of meals. Aims We aimed to investigate the associations of different aspects (quantity, predominant beverage and moment of consumption) of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components. Methods We analyzed cross-sectionally 14,570 individuals who participated in the ELSABRASIL baseline, fitting logistic regression models investigating interactions between the quantity of alcohol, predominant beverage type (wine, beer or other), and principal moment of consumption with respect to meals. Results In analyses adjusted for sex, age, race, smoking, body mass index, educational level, per capita income and socioeconomic class, light consumption (up to 4 doses/week), predominantly of wine and with meals was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (OR=0.69, 95%CI 0.57 – 0.84), elevated fasting glucose (OR=0.83, CI95% 0.70 – 0.99), elevated waist circumference (OR = 0.65, CI95% 0.51-0.84) and reduced HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.63 95%CI 0.50 – 0.79), compared to abstention/eventual drinking. Drinking predominantly wine, regardless of the moment of consumption, was never significantly associated with higher odds of any component of the syndrome. On the other hand, greater consumption of alcohol (>7 doses/week), predominantly as beer, when mainly not consumed with meals was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (7 to 14 doses/week: OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.18 – 1.73; more than 14 doses/week: OR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.35 – 2.15) and with syndrome components, except for low HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion The association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and many of its individual components differed markedly by predominant beverage and the consumption´s relationship to meals. Odds of having the metabolic syndrome were lower among individuals who consumed small doses, predominantly of wine, especially with meals, while odds were higher for those who drank predominantly beer, especially when unrelated to meals, and in larger quantities.

O consumo de álcool tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública. Entretanto, também existem evidências de eventuais benefícios do consumo leve a moderado de algumas bebidas alcoólicas, no que se refere a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. As doenças periodontais, sendo a sexta doença crônica mais prevalente, também têm sido associadas ao consumo de álcool com resultados controversos. Esta tese avaliou, através de três artigos a relação entre consumo de álcool e doenças periodontais. O primeiro artigo de divulgação, tem por objetivo alertar a profissão a respeito do estado atual do conhecimento em relação a associação entre álcool e doenças periodontais. O segundo artigo é um estudo experimental em modelo animal que avaliou o efeito da dependência química álcool sobre desfechos periodontais. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na perda óssea alveolar e secreção de TNF-α. O terceiro artigo, também em modelo animal, abordou o consumo do vinho tinto e valeu-se de controles total, álcool a 12%, suco de uva e resveratrol. A análise de ocorrência de periodontite espontânea demonstrou que o vinho tinto tem potencial protetor para a perda óssea alveolar e secreção de TNF- α . Os resultados encontrados nessa tese são instigantes e estão em linha com a literatura que demonstra uma relação do tipo curva J entre álcool e doenças periodontais, na qual até um determinado nível, o fator comporta-se como protetor. Assim, essa relação deve ser considerada na abordagem clínica, sem incentivo ao consumo, mas compreendendo até onde este é tolerável e/ou benéfico no que se refere a doenças periodontais. / Alcohol consumption has been considered a public health problem. Otherwise, there is evidence of eventual benefits of a light to moderate consume of some alcoholic beverage, in relation to non-transmissible chronic disease. The periodontal diseases, being the sixth most prevalent chronic disease, also have been associated to alcohol consumption with controversial results. This thesis evaluated, through three articles the relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal diseases. The first article has the objective of alerting the professionals about the actual knowledge about the relationship between alcohol and periodontal diseases. The second article is an experimental study in animal model which evaluated the alcohol dependence over periodontal outcomes. The results did not show statistically significant differences in alveolar bone loss and TNF- α secretion. The third article, also in animal model, studied the red wine consumption and used total controls, 12% alcohol, grape juice and resveratrol. The analysis of the occurrence of spontaneous periodontitis demonstrated that red wine has a protector potential for alveolar bone loss and TNF- α secretion. The results found in this thesis are curious and they are in line with the literature that demonstrates a relationship like J-curve between alcohol and periodontal diseases, until some level, the factor behave as protector. So, this relation must be considered in clinical approaches, without encouraging the consumption, but understanding how much is tolerable and/or benefit according to periodontal diseases.