Thesis (M.A.(Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Alcohol consumption by young people continues to be a social problem that is associated with major health complications later in life. More youth engage in alcohol consumption frequently with a decreasing age of debut. The current study aimed at exploring and describing the prevalence, patterns and context of youth alcohol consumption in Musina Town, Limpopo Province. A convergence mixed method was employed. This was complemented by an exploratory-descriptive design. Using random stratified and purposive sampling techniques, data was collected from grade 11 learners by way of a survey and a focus group discussion. Data collected from the study show that there is a high prevalence of alcohol use amongst the youth in Musina as almost two thirds (61%) of the survey participants reported to be current alcohol users. Patterns of consumption include drinking during weekends and holidays with binge drinking and drinking until drunkenness being the main forms of alcohol consumption. There was no difference in binge drinking between male and female alcohol drinkers, with 22% of each gender reporting to consume more than five drinks a session. Contexts of alcohol consumption by the youth include drinking at various social gatherings, school, at home, unlicensed liquor outlets, drinking to have fun or as a coping mechanism. Young alcohol consumers have little to no concern about their drinking behaviour, which is exacerbated by alcohol drinking permissive culture and the availability of alcohol. Keywords: Youth, Alcohol consumption, Prevalence, Patterns, Availability

Obesity has becoming one of the nation’s largest health concerns. An individual’s physical activity, diet, sedentary behaviors, and alcohol consumption patterns all play a role in fluctuation of BMI. While it is known that all of these can affect obesity, it is less commonly known how these behaviors cluster together in emerging adulthood. Uncertainty shrouds how these characteristics cluster together in young-adults. The purpose of this study is to utilize the 2015-2016 NHANES data to explore relationships of alcohol consumption, physical activity and sedentary behaviors to ascertain how strongly these measures of health cluster, and in what demographics do they most strongly cluster. A two-step cluster analysis resulted in 4 clusters being created with physical activity being the predominate indicator for grouping. Continuing analyses regarding the association of race, sex, and BMI are being conducted.

I Sverige kan man se en nedåtgående trend när det gäller alkoholkonsumtion bland ungdomar. Denna studie utforskar ungdomars attityder till alkohol och vilka faktorer som kan påverka ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier och ett genusperspektiv. Avsikten var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader och likheter mellan könen. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie och urvalet bestod av tio respondenter mellan 15 - 20 år bosatta i Sverige. Det vi kom fram till var att det fanns skillnader i attityder till alkohol mellan könen, men att faktorerna som framkom var lika för båda könen. Det fanns små variationer mellan motiven bland de som konsumerade alkohol och de som inte konsumerade alkohol. Däremot var motiveringarna lika oavsett kön bland dem som drack alkohol. Hos de drickande respondenterna var motiveringarna lika oavsett kön. Studien baseras på Theory of planned behaviour, social påverkan, social tuning och referens till genussystemet för att nå en djupare förståelse för ungdomars förhållningssätt till alkohol. / Currently there is a downward trend considering alcohol consumption among young people in Sweden. This study explores attitudes towards alcohol and the factors that can affect alcohol consumption among young people. This is a qualitative study based on social psychological theories from a gender perspective and includes research models for the Theory of planned behavior, Social Influence and Social tuning. In this study a broadened perspective and a deeper understanding of the youth drinking culture are analysed. The investigation includes interviews with ten Swedish students between the ages of 15 and 20. The result shows that there are differences in attitudes to consume alcohol due to gender differences, but that the factors that emerged were the same for both genders. There were small variations in motivations among non-drinking respondents and the main differences could be found among non-drinkers and drinkers. Among respondents who had a positive attitude towards alcohol consumption, the motivation was the same independent of gender.

Title: The influence of alcohol on memory in the elderly Objectives: To estimate association between alcohol consumption and memory in the elderly above 60 years of age. Methods: The master's thesis is a cross-sectional study. All data were acquired from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project. For the purpose of this research, the participants were divided into four categories according to the highest acquired level of their education. For data analysis, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferoni's correction for post - hoc analysis were employed. The testing of participants involved immediate and delayed recall of 10 words. Results: In this research, a total of 36 534 participants were used. Out of this, 20 389 were females and 16 145 were males. In most categories, there were statistically significant differences in both tests, surprisingly preferring alcohol consumption (p<0.001). In males, who had problems with alcohol abuse during their life, the results of both tests were significantly worse (p<0.001). Conclusions: Results indicate statistically significant association between memory and alcohol consumption. Keywords: memory, cognitive functions, alcohol consumption, elderly, SHARE

I Sverige hamnar ungdomar mellan 18 och 19 år i en gråzon angående laglighet och alkohol. Tidigare forskning finns i mängder om ungdomar och alkohol, men en lucka finns gällande Sveriges gråzon. Denna studie hade som syfte att besvara hur relationen mellan ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion och popularitet, grupptryck, föräldrars alkoholsyn samt ortstorlek såg ut. Enkäten besvarades av 128 gymnasieungdomar i både mindre och större orter i Sverige. Frågorna gällande alkohol baserades på IQ:s alkoholprofil, och frågorna om popularitet och grupptryck konstruerades ursprungligen av Santor et al (2000). Materialet analyserades i SPSS genom en multipel regressionsanalys och Pearsonkorrelationer. Resultaten visade främst att grupptryck var den starkaste prediktorn för ökad alkoholkonsumtion. Vidare visade det sig att strikta föräldrar genererade lägre alkoholskonsumtion, och att mindre orter innebar mer olagligt drickande. Studien kan bidra till ökad förståelse för ungdomars alkoholkultur samt kan vara till nytta för skolhälsan.

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Self-reported alcohol use in 500 men (mean age 36 yrs) arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of intoxicants was examined in relation to MMPI profile patterns identified by multivariate procedures. Although DUI offenders were found to share mild antisocial tendencies, it was possible to isolate profile patterns associated with comparatively higher levels of self-reported drinking. Most pronounced was the relationship between higher levels of estimated average alcohol consumption and patterns in which indices of depression and social deviance were elevated, or the 2-4 2-point code type pattern. Comparisons of prototypic profile patterns derived from samples of DUI offenders, alcoholics, and psychiatric patients revealed limited profile replicability. However, the 2-4 code type pattern was consistently found in samples of DUI offenders and alcoholics, and a single profile pattern indicative of moderate social deviance and impulsivity was common to each sample. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Past research has shown a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are able to lower the negative effects of drinking alcohol, however, the protective effects of PBS at times is moderated by situational circumstances or individual differences. This study looks at the cognitive metaphor of being a Head or Heart person and the moderating effects it has on PBS and alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences. Participants completed the AUDIT-C to measure drinking habits, the PBSS to asses strategy usage, the YAAQC to measure drinking problems and a self-report single item measure for Head versus Heart identification. It was found that those who identify themselves as Head people have a stronger relationship between PBS use and alcohol consumption which in turn showed a stronger negative relationship between PBS use and alcohol related consequences via alcohol use. These findings suggest that PBS have stronger protective effects within those who identify themselves as Head people.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the youth in the Vaal triangle, south of Gauteng. The study was conducted in four high schools under Sedibeng West District of the Gauteng Department of Education. A quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire was used to conduct the research. Results obtained indicated that there is no significant correlation between alcohol advertising and alcohol consumption among the respondents. Drawing on the findings and literature review, recommendations were made to government, the liquor industry and schools that participated in the study. Limitations of the study were identified and recommendations were made for the benefit of future research. The primary and secondary objectives of the study were successfully realised in this study. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015