Um Atlas Digital é um atlas que foi concebido através de técnicas computacionais e que, consequentemente, pode ser acessado através de um computador. Estruturado em um ambiente gráfico, além dos mapas, pode-se contar também com textos, fotografias, dados estatísticos, gráficos e tabelas. Por estar em meio digital existe a possibilidade de utilização de uma expressiva gama de temas, formatos e escalas. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um protótipo de Atlas Digital como uma colaboração ao Sistema de Informação Municipal SIM, para o município de São João de Meriti, RJ. O referido SIM, que tem como meta os serviços municipais, visa atender ao próprio município, ao cidadão e a outros interessados na cidade, sendo as suas informações fundamentais para a melhoria da gestão das prefeituras. A pesquisa foi direcionada para o tema da habitabilidade, que consiste num conjunto de condições voltadas para a construção de habitat saudável, abrangendo temas físicos, psicológicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais. Dentro do tema habitabilidade, foram trabalhados os subtemas relativos a infraestrutura de abastecimento de água, esgoto, coleta de lixo, saúde e educação, esses subtemas foram confrontados entre si para uma comparação entre os bairros do município. O SIM e a habitabilidade são contemplados no plano diretor da cidade e representa uma grande parte da sustentação teórica da dissertação. A modelagem e implementação do protótipo do Atlas Digital foram feitas com auxílio de softwares gratuitos, sendo possível acessar mapas temáticos e outras informações sobre São João de Meriti / A Digital Atlas is an atlas that has been designed using computational techniques and that, consequently, can be accessed through a computer. It was structured in a graphical environment, in addition to maps, we can also count on texts, photographs, statistics, graphs and tables. In a the digital environment, there is the possibility of using an impressive range of topics, formats and scales. This dissertation presents a prototype of the Digital Atlas as collaboration to the Municipal Information System - MIS of the city of São João de Meriti, RJ. This SIM, aims to municipal services, serving the same town, the citizens and other stakeholders in the city and its key information are for improving the management of town halls. The research was directed towards the issue of habitability, which consists of a set of conditions aimed at building healthy habitat, covering topics physical, psychological, social, cultural and environmental. Inside the housing theme, subthemes were worked on the infrastructure of water supply, sewage, garbage collection, health and education, these sub-themes were compared among themselves for a comparison between the districts of the municipality. The modeling and implementation of the prototype Digital Atlas was made with free software, where the access to thematic maps and other information about São João de Meriti are possible.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-04T20:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T12:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T12:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work presents the description of some phonological aspects in the southern region of Goiás State, in the cities of Orizona, Pires do Rio, Ipameri, Catalão, Três Ranchos, Corumbaíba, Buriti Alegre, Caldas Novas, Mineiros, Rio Verde, Jataí, Itumbiara, Cachoeira Dourada, Quirinópolis, São Simão, Edéia, Paraúna and Vianópolis. The analysis resulted from the answers given in the ALINGO (Linguistic Atlas of Goiás). For pedagogical reasons, these aspects were separated regarding the vowels, the syllables and the consonants. The observations performed about the vowels were related to the phonological possibilities for the phoneme /o/ in pretonic position, which analyzed the different productions of words like “armpit” (sovaco), “ankle” (tornozelo), “sob” (soluço) and “dew” (orvalho). The issue concerning the syllables approaches the nasalization and the oralization of the syllable “-gem” in the end of the words. In this analysis, it was used the realization of “rain drought” (estiagem), “swill” (lavagem) and “pod” (vagem). The chapter about the consonants addressed the oscillation between the employment of /g/ and /k/ in the word “corncob” (sabugo) in the south of Goiás speech. As theoretical fundamentals of the hypothesis worked in each phenomenon, it were used, mainly, the Historical Grammar and the Descriptive Linguistics. To introduce these descriptive chapters presented and explained the concepts of vowel sounds, syllable and consonantal sounds in order to facilitate the comprehension of occurred phenomena. Before the descriptive analysis, in the first chapter, there is a historical background of studies related to the sounds, which presents the development of the main theories in this scope, including the ones used as theoretical basis. / Este trabalho apresenta a descrição de alguns aspectos fonológicos na região sul do estado de Goiás, nas cidade de Orizona, Pires do Rio, Ipameri, Catalão, Três Ranchos, Corumbaíba, Buriti Alegre, Caldas Novas, Mineiros, Rio Verde, Jataí, Itumbiara, Cachoeira Dourada, Quirinópolis, São Simão, Edéia, Paraúna e Vianópolis. As análises partiram de respostas dadas ao questionário do ALINGO – Atlas linguístico de Goiás. Por questões didáticas esses aspectos foram separados quanto às vogais, às sílabas e às consoantes. As observações realizadas sobre as vogais se relacionaram às possibilidades fonológicas para o fonema /o/ em posição pré-tônica, que analisou as diferentes produções das palavras “sovaco”, “tornozelo”, “soluço” e “orvalho”. A questão referente às sílabas aborda a nasalização e a oralização da sílaba “-gem” em final de palavras. Para essa análise foram utilizadas as realizações de “estiagem”, “lavagem” e “vagem” O capítulo a respeito das consoantes tratou da oscilação entre o emprego de /g/ e /k/ na palavra “sabugo” no falar do sul de Goiás. Como fundamentação teórica das hipóteses trabalhadas em cada um dos fenômenos utilizaram-se, principalmente, aspectos da Gramática Histórica e da Linguística descritiva. Para introduzir esses capítulos descritivos, foram apresentados e explanados os conceitos dos sons vocálicos, das sílabas e dos sons consonantais, a fim de facilitar a compreensão dos fenômenos ocorridos. Antes das análises descritivas, no primeiro capítulo, há um percurso histórico dos estudos referentes aos sons, que apresenta o desenvolvimento das principais teorias desse âmbito, inclusive das que foram utilizadas como aporte teórico.

A região do Grande ABC paulista, formada por sete municípios - Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra -, tem uma importância considerável no contexto sócio-políticoeconômico- cultural do Brasil. Dentre outras características, percebe-se a grande mobilidade da população, fazendo crer que, atualmente, na região do Grande ABC, há poucos usuários que falam a norma da região. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar, o mais rápido possível, a variação semântico-lexical da língua falada no Grande ABC, como forma de se registrar a memória lingüística da comunidade dessa região. A presente tese busca registrar parte desse cabedal lingüístico e tem por objetivo geral descrever a norma semântico-lexical da região do Grande ABC paulista, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical da Região do Grande ABC. Com base nos postulados da Geolingüística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico-Lexical do Projeto ALiB, versão 2001, em nove pontos da região a 36 sujeitos subdivididos em duas faixas etárias - 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade - e nos dois gêneros - feminino e masculino. Com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas, elaborou-se um banco de dados semântico-lexical, disponível em CD-ROM, e, posteriormente, foram os dados tratados e documentados cartograficamente, a fim de que se pudesse elaborar o quadro da diversidade semântico-lexical do falar da região do Grande ABC. Além do referencial teórico-metodológico da Geolingüística e da Lexicologia, a partir de obras de Pottier e Barbosa, utilizou-se a abordagem de Norma efetuada por Coseriu, e complementou-se com noções de Estatística Lexical, propostas por Muller, sobretudo as referentes a freqüência. Ao final, chegou-se a um conjunto de 202 cartogramas lingüísticos, que não apenas revelam a norma semântico-lexical do Grande ABC, como também constituem um retrato, ainda que parcial, do falar paulista. / Located in the state of São Paulo, the region known as the Great ABC paulista is comprised of seven cities: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra. This region has considerable importance in the sociopolitical and economic-cultural contexts in Brazil. Among a number of characteristics, is possible to think that the great populational mobility in this region make possible to believe that, nowadays, there are few users of the linguistic norm of the region. That is the reason why it is necessary to rescue the semantic-lexical variation of the language spoken in the Great ABC area, as a way of registering this community\'s linguistic memory. This work attempts to register part of this linguistic ensemble and its general objective is the description of the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC paulista region, in order to build the Semantic- Lexical Atlas of the Great ABC region. Based on the postulates of contemporary Geolinguistics, we have applied the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire of the AliB Project, version 2001, in nine points of the region, on 36 subjects belonging to both genders - female and male - and subdivided in two age groups - people aged between 18 and 30, and between 50 and 65. The answers obtained during the interviews were the basis for the elaboration of a semantic-lexical database, available on CD-ROM. Afterwards, these data were cartographically treated and documented, so that it would be possible to have a panorama of the semantic-lexical diversity of the Great ABC region\'s speech. Besides the Geolinguistics and Lexicology theoretical and methodological references, such as works by Pottier and Barbosa, we have used the normative approach elaborated by Coseriu, and the notions of Lexical Statistics, proposed by Muller, mainly those concerning with frequency. At last, we have made 202 linguistic cartograms, which not only reveal the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC region, but also constitute a portrait, although partial, of the oral speech of the state of São Paulo.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as representações e o imaginário da arquitetura e do espaço construído pelo viés da mobilidade das imagens, a partir da análise e interpretação de três obras cinematográficas que se constituem como os objetos de estudo: Alice nas Cidades (1974), Dogville (2003) e Solaris (1972). Os filmes são abordados quanto à característica de apresentação do espaço de cada obra: tem-se então a cidade real (Alice nas Cidades), a cidade sugerida (Dogville) e a cidade imaginada (Solaris). Ao longo do texto são percorridos caminhos teóricos que partem das conexões entre cinema e arquitetura, cinema e imaginário e chegam na técnica da montagem, mostrando como esta pode servir não somente à narrativa fílmica, mas também como processo formativo de construção de imagens e significados através da justaposição de imagens e do processo de colisão entre elas. Ao transformar frames das obras cinematográficas em reproduções fotográficas, é convocado o Atlas Mnemosyne, painéis de imagens da autoria do historiador alemão Aby Warburg, como guia na construção de constelações de imagens. Entendendo o processo de feitura da Mnemosyne como uma técnica da montagem, as reproduções fotográficas vão sendo transformadas em narrativas outras por meio das constelações e galáxias de imagens, trabalhando com os conceitos de escala, dimensionamento, intervalo, aproximações e saltos das imagens; movimentos esses que encontram paralelo não somente no cinema - closes, travelling, saltos no tempo e no espaço -, como também no percurso dentro do espaço construído e nas representações da arquitetura. / This research presents a study about architecture\'s representations and imaginary, and its constructed space through the point of view of the mobility of images, from analysing and interpreting three cinematographic works that constitute the objects of study: Alice in the Cities (1974), Dogville (2003) and Solaris (1972). Each film is approached as to its characteristic presentation of space: the real (Alice in the Cities), the suggested (Dogville) and the imagined city (Solaris). Throughout the text, theoretical paths are drawn from connections between cinema and architecture, cinema and imaginary, and lead us to the technique of montage, showing how it can serve not only to the film narrative but also as a formative process of constructing images and meanings through the juxtaposition of pictures and the process of collision between them. By transforming frames of the cinematographic works into photographic reproductions, the Atlas Mnemosyne, panels of images by the German historian Aby Warburg, is called as a guide in the construction of constellations of images. Understanding the Mnemosyne process as a montage technique, photographic reproductions are transformed into other narratives through the constellations and galaxies of images, working with the concepts of scale, sizing, interval, approximations and jumps of images; movements that find parallel not only in cinema - closes, travelling, jumps in time and space - but also in the course within constructed space and in representations of architecture.

Dans le contexte de la Physique des Particules, la naturalité du Modèle Standard est une question qui fait débat. En effet, en l'absence de nouveaux phénomènes, le domaine de validité du Modèle Standard doit s'étendre jusqu'à l’échelle de Planck où la gravité quantique joue un rôle important. La différence en énergie entre l’échelle de Planck et l’interaction électrofaible est énorme (17 ordres de grandeur) ce qui est connu sous le nom de problème de la hiérarchie et constitue un problème de naturalité du Modèle Standard de la Physique des Particules. Une solution à ce problème serait l'ajout de dimensions spatiales supplémentaires.Cet ajout de dimensions supplémentaires entraîne l’introduction de nouvelles particules : les excitations du graviton, qui peuvent se désintégrer en 2 photons. La production de gravitons peut donc être observée dans des collisionneurs de hautes énergies notamment au LHC, en analysant les collisions proton-proton donnant un état final en 2 photons.L'analyse en diphoton, avec le détecteur ATLAS, avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV, permet d'explorer un intervalle en masse de détection d’environ 500 GeV à 7 TeV où pourraient se révéler des signatures de dimensions spatiales supplémentaire. Le challenge principal de l’analyse est de réaliser une bonne estimation de la composante du Modèle Standard dans les événements diphotons reconstruits par ATLAS. Cette analyse permet alors, en cas de compatibilité des données avec le Modèle Standard, d’améliorer sensiblement les limites d’exclusion sur les paramètres des modèles de dimensions supplémentaires. / In the context of particle physics, the naturalness of the Standard Model is still under discussion. In the absence of any new phenomena, the Standard Model should remain valid up to the Planck energy scale where quantum gravity plays an important role. The difference in energy between the electroweak interaction and the Planck scale is huge (17 orders of magnitude), which is known as the hierarchy problem and constitutes a naturalness issue for the Standard Model.A solution to this problem is the addition of additional space dimensions. This addition of space dimensions leads to the introduction of new particles which are graviton excitations and can decay into two photons. It might be possible toobserve graviton production at high energy colliders, especially at the LHC with the collision of proton-proton and looking at 2 photons in the final state.The diphoton analysis, with the ATLAS detector with an energy in the center of mass of 13 TeV, allows to probe a mass interval from 500 GeV to 7 TeV, where signatures of additional space dimensions, if they exist, can be studied. The main challenge of the analysis is to perform a good estimation of the SM contribution to signal. To perform this, it is necessary to discriminate true photons from misidentified jets or electronic noise. In the case of compatibility between data and the SM, this analysis allows to increase significantly the exclusion limits of the parameters of theadditional space dimensions model.

A região do Grande ABC paulista, formada por sete municípios - Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra -, tem uma importância considerável no contexto sócio-políticoeconômico- cultural do Brasil. Dentre outras características, percebe-se a grande mobilidade da população, fazendo crer que, atualmente, na região do Grande ABC, há poucos usuários que falam a norma da região. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar, o mais rápido possível, a variação semântico-lexical da língua falada no Grande ABC, como forma de se registrar a memória lingüística da comunidade dessa região. A presente tese busca registrar parte desse cabedal lingüístico e tem por objetivo geral descrever a norma semântico-lexical da região do Grande ABC paulista, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical da Região do Grande ABC. Com base nos postulados da Geolingüística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico-Lexical do Projeto ALiB, versão 2001, em nove pontos da região a 36 sujeitos subdivididos em duas faixas etárias - 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade - e nos dois gêneros - feminino e masculino. Com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas, elaborou-se um banco de dados semântico-lexical, disponível em CD-ROM, e, posteriormente, foram os dados tratados e documentados cartograficamente, a fim de que se pudesse elaborar o quadro da diversidade semântico-lexical do falar da região do Grande ABC. Além do referencial teórico-metodológico da Geolingüística e da Lexicologia, a partir de obras de Pottier e Barbosa, utilizou-se a abordagem de Norma efetuada por Coseriu, e complementou-se com noções de Estatística Lexical, propostas por Muller, sobretudo as referentes a freqüência. Ao final, chegou-se a um conjunto de 202 cartogramas lingüísticos, que não apenas revelam a norma semântico-lexical do Grande ABC, como também constituem um retrato, ainda que parcial, do falar paulista. / Located in the state of São Paulo, the region known as the Great ABC paulista is comprised of seven cities: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra. This region has considerable importance in the sociopolitical and economic-cultural contexts in Brazil. Among a number of characteristics, is possible to think that the great populational mobility in this region make possible to believe that, nowadays, there are few users of the linguistic norm of the region. That is the reason why it is necessary to rescue the semantic-lexical variation of the language spoken in the Great ABC area, as a way of registering this community\'s linguistic memory. This work attempts to register part of this linguistic ensemble and its general objective is the description of the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC paulista region, in order to build the Semantic- Lexical Atlas of the Great ABC region. Based on the postulates of contemporary Geolinguistics, we have applied the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire of the AliB Project, version 2001, in nine points of the region, on 36 subjects belonging to both genders - female and male - and subdivided in two age groups - people aged between 18 and 30, and between 50 and 65. The answers obtained during the interviews were the basis for the elaboration of a semantic-lexical database, available on CD-ROM. Afterwards, these data were cartographically treated and documented, so that it would be possible to have a panorama of the semantic-lexical diversity of the Great ABC region\'s speech. Besides the Geolinguistics and Lexicology theoretical and methodological references, such as works by Pottier and Barbosa, we have used the normative approach elaborated by Coseriu, and the notions of Lexical Statistics, proposed by Muller, mainly those concerning with frequency. At last, we have made 202 linguistic cartograms, which not only reveal the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC region, but also constitute a portrait, although partial, of the oral speech of the state of São Paulo.

La thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la diffraction en utilisant le détecteur ATLAS auprès du LHC. Après Une courte introduction à la physique diffractive incluant la diffraction « dure » et « molle », nous présentons la production diffractive exclusive qui est particulièrement intéressante pour produire des jets et le boson de Higgs. Le mécanisme décrit par le formalisme de Khoze Martin et Ryskin et celui de CHIDe sont décrits en détail. Les sources d’incertitude dans la description théorique sont encore importantes et une nouvelle mesure de la section efficace de production exclusive de jets au LHC permettra de réduire l’incertitude de la production diffractive de boson de Higgs à un facteur 2 à trois. La mesure de la production exclusive de pions pp ! p_+_−p permet de contraindre les modèles de manière plus précise en utilisant les détecteurs ALFA, qui sont utilisés dans l’expérience ATLAS pour la détection de protons diffusés dans les interactions élastiques et diffractives. Les détecteurs AFP décrits dans la dernière partie de la thèse, mesurant les protons dispersés après interaction diffractive sont présentés. Ils permettent d’étendre le programme de physique d’ATLAS, avec en particulier, la production centrale diffractive de boson W, ce qui rend possible une meilleure compréhension de la nature des échanges diffractifs. / The thesis is devoted to the study of diffractive physics with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. After a short introduction to diffractive physics including soft and hard diffraction, we discuss diffractive exclusive production at the LHC whichis particularly interesting for Higgs and jet production. The QCD mechanism described by the Khoze Martin Ryskin and the CHIDe models are elucidated in detail. The uncertainties on these models are still large and a new possible exclusive jetmeasurement at the LHC will allow to reduce the uncertainty on diffarctive Higgs boson production to a factor 2 to 3. An additional measurement of exclusive pion production pp ! p_+_−p allows to constrain further exclusive model relying on theuse of the ALFA stations, which are used in the ATLAS Experiment for detection of protons scattered in elastic and diffractive interactions. In the last part of the thesis, the AFP detectors, aiming at measuring the protons scattered in diffractive interactions, are presented. They allow to extend substantially the ATLAS physics programme. In particular, the study of the central diffractive W boson production process makes possible a better determination of the nature of diffractive exchanges.

Business has globalized rapidly during the last decades. Distances between point of origin and point of consumption have increased as a result of globalization. Today’s increased distances mean that companies require faster logistic responses. Air transportation is preferred because it’s worldwide lead-time, of just 1-2 day, fulfill business expectations. However, transportation operation costs have risen dramatically and there are growing concerns about the high CO2 emission levels associated with air transportation. These issues have recently become a point of focus for most globalized companies. Currently, Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, in Örebro is mostly using air transportation for their inbound logistics flow from North America Shared Distribution Center (SDC). In this thesis, sea transportation is surveyed to asses it’s suitability as a replacement in both economic and environmental terms. The formulated questions are: (1) For which items can SDC use sea transportation instead of air transportation at the lowest cost and with the lowest risk? (2) How much can SDC reduce their CO2 emission with the new setup? Does it comply with the ”environmental targets” of Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB? (3) How would SDC make decisions about suitable transportation setups for additional items in the future? When the transportation method is changed from air to sea more than one of the total logistics costs are affected. In reflection of the longer lead-times connected with sea transportation warehousing costs will increase. Therefore, when researching the ”lowest cost” we must consider the lowest total logistics cost. Extended lead-times also decrease the companies’ capability for flexibility; additionally, there will be heightened risk in connection with product life cycles. The possible environmental effects of sea transportation are considered carefully before an item’s transportation method change is suggested to the company. All calculations of CO2 emissions have been done in accordance with Nätverk för Transporter och Miljö ’s (Network for Transporter and Environment) (NTM) formula in order to reach a credible result. The findings are compared with the company’s environmental policy. An excel model has been developed to calculate results for extra items which may be added to the product range in the future. As a result of the research analysis it has been shown possible to reduce total logistic cost up to, 33%, 3.247.000 SEK. By changing transportation mode, the CO2 emission levels for transportation per item for these can even be reduced by up to 97%. Additionally, the excel model can be used internally to implement future changes.

Segmentation of individual facial soft tissues has received relatively little attention in the literature due to the complicated structures of these tissues. There is a need to incorporate the prior information, which is usually in the form of atlases, in the segmentation process. In this thesis we performed several segmentation methods that take advantage of prior knowledge for facial soft tissue segmentation. An atlas based method and three expectation maximization &ndash / Markov random field (EM-MRF) based methods are tested for two dimensional (2D) segmentation of masseter muscle in the face. Atlas based method uses the manually labeled atlases as prior information. We implemented EM-MRF based method in different manners / without prior information, with prior information for initialization and with using labeled atlas as prior information. The differences between these methods and the influence of the prior information are discussed by comparing the results. Finally a new method based on EM-MRF is proposed in this study. In this method we aim to use prior information without performing manual segmentation, which is a very complicated and time consuming task. 10 MRI sets are used as experimental data in this study and leave-one-out technique is used to perform segmentation for all sets. The test data is modeled as a Markov Random Field where unlabeled training data, i.e., other 9 sets, are used as prior information. The model parameters are estimated by the Maximum Likelihood approach when the Expectation Maximization iterations are used to handle hidden labels. The performance of all segmentation methods are computed and compared to the manual segmented ground truth. Then we used the new 2D segmentation method for three dimensional (3D) segmentation of two masseter and two temporalis tissues in each data set and visualize the segmented tissue volumes.

No description available.