Face à un risque terroriste nécessitant de maintenir les réseaux de transport aérien « à un haut niveau de vigilance », la sûreté de l’aviation civile, définie comme la « combinaison des mesures et des ressources humaines et matérielles visant à protéger l’aviation civile contre les actes d’intervention illicite », est un enjeu majeur en France.La communautarisation du domaine au lendemain des attentats du 11 septembre 2001 – se traduisant notamment par l’obligation pour les Etats membres d’élaborer et de mettre en œuvre un programme national de contrôle de la qualité de la sûreté – et la participation accrue des opérateurs du transport aérien à la mise en œuvre des mesures de sûreté (co-production de la sûreté) ont progressivement amené l’Etat français à se recentrer, en la matière, sur sa fonction de surveillance de ces opérateurs. Cette évolution du rôle de l’Etat ne pouvait que s’appuyer sur une évolution du droit de l’aviation civile et plus largement du droit public permettant de garantir l’efficacité des activités de surveillance, tout en conciliant les impératifs de sûreté avec les droits et garanties des personnes impliquées dans la mise en œuvre des mesures de sûreté. L’agrément de sûreté des personnes morales et la certification des personnes physiques sont l’expression juridique de cette évolution. L’étude de ces deux techniques juridiques permet alors de montrer le caractère dynamique d’une surveillance devant constamment s’adapter aux évolutions des modes d’exploitation des opérateurs, des risques représentés par leurs activités, des principes des facteurs humains et celles des menaces pesant sur l’aviation civile. / Facing a terrorist threat that requires to keep air transport networks “at a high level of vigilance”, civil aviation security, which is defined as “the combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference”, is a major challenge in France.The communitisation of this field in the aftermath of the events of 11 September 2001 – which led in particular to the obligation of developing and implementing a national civil aviation security quality control programme – and the increased involvement of air transport operators in the implementation of security measures (the co-production of security) have gradually prompted the French State to refocus its security activities on the monitoring of these operators. This evolution of the role of the State required an evolution of civil aviation law and public law to ensure the effectiveness of monitoring activities while reconciling security requirements with the rights and guarantees of the persons involved in the implementation of security measures. The security approval of legal entities and the certification of natural persons are the legal expression of this evolution. The study of these legal techniques demonstrates that oversight is a dynamic process, constantly adapting to changes in operating procedures and processes, risks posed by air transport operators activities, human factors principles and the threats to civil aviation.

The aviation industry represents approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, however with significant growth expected over the coming decades this proportion is expected to increase. Continued governmental and social pressure to reduce global emissions is posing a challenging question to the industry; how to improve environmental efficiency and reduce emissions with increasing industry growth. The environmental impact of aviation globally is discussed, examining the significant emissions and protocols that exist and their relative impacts both environmentally and economically. The viability of alternative biofuels is discussed, determining the life cycle environmental impact of future replacements to kerosene based jet fuel. This thesis therefore aims to provide an understanding of the fundamentals of aviation emissions but also most importantly provide possible solutions to assist the industry in reducing its emissions ‘footprint’. An important factor in determining efficiency improvements is to understand the impact of particular stages of an aircraft life and the impact they have individually. This was achieved using an established methodology called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is an efficient tool for the analytical consideration of the environmental impact of manufacturing, operation and decommissioning. The results of a comprehensive LCA study of an Airbus A320 are documented considering all phases of the service life. The study draws useful conclusions, indicating the significance of special materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) on the total manufacturing emissions of the aircraft and indicating its operational phase as the one contributing most in its environmental performance breakdown. The thesis also examines short-term efficiencies for emissions reduction in commercial aviation, focussing on improvements in aircraft routing. The initiation of the EU emissions trading system (ETS) within European aviation willincentivise airlines to reduce their annual CO2 emissions. An alternative routing strategy is proposed for selected long haul routes, which introduces multiple stages into the route utilising two aircraft and is shown to reduce total CO2 emissions by up to 13.7%. Combined with blended biofuel, this reduction was estimated to increase to 16.6% with a reduction in ticket fares estimated to be as high as $19 per passenger per flight.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe yra apžvelgti aviacinių degalų sąnaudų mažinimo būdai Lietuvos oro linijose. Apžvelgiama pasaulinė bei Lietuvos aviacijos rinka bei aviacinių degalų kainų didėjimo įtaka jai. Aviacinių degalų sąnaudų mažimo būdų paieška ir įvertinimas apima skrydžių planavimą, skrydžių vykdymą, techninę priežiūrą. Taip pat vertinama lenktų antsparnių sumontavimo lėktuvuose įtaka degalų sąnaudoms. Atliekami eksperimentiniai skaičiavimai atlikto darbo tikslingumui bei sąnaudų mažinimo būdų teikiamai naudai įvertinti. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, tyrimo objektas ir problemos aptarimas, analitinė-metodinė dalis, eksperimentinė-tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 73 p. teksto be priedų, 24 iliustr., 37 lent., 23 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / In this concluding masters work was overlooked the means of decreasing expenditures in Lithuanian airlines. There is also given an overlook of World‘s and Lithuania‘s aviation markets and the impact of rising aviation fuel prices to them. The search and evaluation of means of decreasing aviation fuel expenditures involves areas of: flight planning, performing the flights and technical maintenance. The expected results on the fuel expenditures of mounting blended winglets is also assessed. Experimental calculations also evaluates influence and benefits of applying fuel saving means. This work consists of six parts: introduction, the reserch’s object and discussion of the problems, literary analysis, experiments and questionnaires, conclusions and suggestions, literary list. Thesis consist of: 73 p. text without appendixes, 24 pictures, 37 tables, 23 bibliographical entries.

There exists no predefined framework for aviation policy making and development. While aviation policy planning in most developed countries comes as a result of institutional and industry coordination and is embedded within other national policies addressing the welfare and growth of the country, it is found that in many cases in less developed countries (LDCs), aviation policy planning is often influenced by political pressures and the interests of fund donors. The complexity of this situation in the developing countries results in aviation plans that represent stand alone studies and attempt to find solutions to specific problems rather than comprehensive aviation plans which fit well the country‘s competitiveness profile and are properly coordinated with other national policies for achieving medium and long-term objectives. This study provides a three-stage policy development framework for aviation strategic planning based on situational analysis and performance benchmarking practices in order to assemble policy elements and produce a best-fit aviation strategy. The framework builds on study results that indicate an association between air transport sector performance and aviation policy strategies, arguing that it is not sufficient to simply describe performance but also to be able to assess it and understand how policymakers can use strategic planning tools to affect the air transport industry efficiency levels. This can be achieved by recognizing the level of the country‘s stage of development and working on enhancing the policy elements that produce better output and induce more contributions by aviation to the national economic development and connectivity levels. The proposed aviation policy development framework is systematic and continuous. It helps policymakers in LDC to manage uncertainty in complex situations by allowing them to defend, correct and re-examine the policy actions based on a forward thinking approach which incorporates the contingency elements of the policy and tracks the developments that can affect the odds of its success. The framework‘s elements and its flow of process are explained by providing an illustrative example applied to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009. / "September 2009." Thesis advisor: Nita Lewis Miller. Performed by Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available online from the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Dudley Knox Library and the DTIC Online Web sites.

abstract: Over the years, aviation safety has been influenced by continuous implementations of both proactive and reactive policies by both regulatory boards and also, aviation service providers. This achievement has been possible mainly because of the safety management tools like the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) which derives its roots from the much earlier Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides guidelines and procedures for installation and development of an ASAP, for every airline in the United States. In this study, how different United States air carriers apply ASAP in their organizations is investigated. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technology 2016

Un siècle aura suffi à révolutionner les habitudes de transport des voyageurs grâce à la popularisation du rail puis de l’aviation civile. Cette révolution s’est accompagnée progressivement de nouvelles règles de protection des passagers notamment sur les aspects « sécuritaires ». L’objectif de ces travaux de recherche est de parvenir ainsi, à partir de l'étude juridique de la notion de la sûreté de l’aviation civile et de la notion de sûreté ferroviaire et des particularités inhérentes à ces deux modes de transport, à dresser une définition générale de la « sûreté des transports ». / It will have taken only one century to revolutionize the transport habits of travelers through the popularization of rail and then civil aviation. This revolution has gradually been accompanied by new passenger protection rules, particularly on "security" aspects. The goal of this research work is to draw up a general definition of "transport security" from the legal study of civil aviation security and of railway security concepts and the particularities of these two means of transport.

This study proposed to develop a list of aviation books that experienced pilots consider inspirational and motivational which could be used in an aviation literature course in adult education. Survey results showed the subject pilots had a positive attitude toward reading and flying, but there was little correlation (r = .35) between the two. This suggests that something else influenced the reading of the sample books. The pilot resondents suggested 269 books for use in a course. This book list will need additional refining and syntopical sorting before use as a canon in an aviation education course.

<p>Flying an airplane is a complex operation. Pilots must be able to manipulate the three-dimensional flight characteristics, maintain situational awareness, aircraft configurations, interpret charts, and handle communications with air traffic control. This requires maximum cognitive and psychomotor skills. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has added reducing fatigue-related accidents is on their top ten most wanted list. According to the NTSB (2019), fatigue “degrades a person’s ability to stay awake, alert, and attentive to the demands of safely controlling a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or train” (p.18). Additionally, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has called on stakeholders, including the academic community, to reduce the number of accidents in the general aviation sector (Federal Aviation Administration, 2018). After a review of extant literature, most fatigue research in aviation pertains to airline and military operations (Keller, Mendonca, & Cutter, 2019; Levin, Mendonca, Keller, & Teo, 2019; Mendonca, Keller, Lu, 2019). However, collegiate aviation students have differences such as class scheduling, maturity, and regulations. Thus, making collegiate aviation pilots a unique population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was threefold: 1) To investigate the causes and symptoms of fatigue among collegiate aviation students. 2) To investigate whether there is a statistically significant association between enrollment status and a participant’s willingness to fly fatigued. 3) To investigate whether a participant’s age and flight hours predict their willingness to fly while fatigued. The researcher used a mixed-methods online-based survey to answer the research questions. The researcher used convenience and judgment sampling to distribute the survey to eight collegiate aviation programs in the United States. A total of 248 (n = 248) participants participated in the survey. The results of the survey indicated that participants cited excessive workload, stress, and sleep-related issues (disturbances and poor quantity) as the most common causes of fatigue. Participants cited drowsiness, loss of concentration, and physical/mental discomfort, including irritation, as symptoms of fatigue. The results also indicated that there was a statistically significant association between enrollment status and a participant’s willingness to fly while fatigued; students from higher enrollment statuses are more willing to fly fatigued. Lastly, the results indicated that age might be used as a predictor for a participant’s willingness to fly while fatigued. Conversely, flight hours cannot be used as a predictor for a participant’s willingness to fly while fatigued.</p>

Entre 1890 et 1914, les pionniers de l'aviation entretiennent des liens étroits par le biais des correspondances. A travers elles, ils échangent sur les quatre grandes étapes des débuts de l'aviation : la théorisation, l’expérimentation, la pratique sportive et l'industrialisation de l'aéroplane. Des frères Wright à Roland Garros en passant par les lettres de Clément Ader et d'Otto Lilienthal, les pionniers ont, pour la plupart, produit des écrits intimes dans lesquels ils expriment leurs doutes, leurs ambitions ou encore leurs peurs les plus profondes. En s'intéressant à la sociabilité épistolaire des acteurs de l'aéronautique, l'étude ambitionne de mettre en lumière les constructions imaginaires, les quêtes de reconnaissance, les stratégies de communication, les positionnements sociaux ou encore la guerre des brevets. Il s'agit également de démontrer l'existence des solidarités et des tensions au sein d'un groupe en pleine évolution puisque entre 1890 et 1914, des générations se succèdent entraînant avec elles des quêtes identitaires différentes. Dans cette étude, les représentations socio culturelles de l'aviation sont examinées à la lumière des lettres et des mémoires laissant ainsi au lecteur les moyens de découvrir sous un angle nouveau les débuts palpitants de l'aviation. / Between 1890 and 1914, aviation pioneers maintained close ties through correspondence. Through them, they exchange on the four major stages of the beginnings of aviation: theorization, experimentation, sporting practice and industrialization of the airplane. From the Wright brothers to Roland Garros, through the letters of Clement Ader and Otto Lilienthal, the pioneers have for the most part produced intimate writings in which they express their doubts, their ambitions or their deepest fears. By studying the epistolary sociability of aeronautics actors, the study aspires to highlight imaginary constructions, recognition quests, communication strategies, social positioning and patent warfare. It is also necessary to demonstrate the existence of solidarity and tensions within a group in full evolution, since between 1890 and 1914, generations succeed each other, bringing with them different identity quests. In this study, the socio-cultural representations of aviation are examined in the light of letters and memoirs, leaving the reader the means of discovering from a new angle the thrilling beginnings of aviation.