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Sverige kommer inom en snar tid att stå inför stora förändringar på arbetsmarknaden gällande generationer. Baby boom generationen kommer att gå i pension och arbetsmarknaden tas över av generation X och Y. Genom att baby boomers lämnar arbetslivet och tar med sig sina kunskaper, blir det ett stort tomrum som kan vara svårt att fylla av de nästkommande generationerna. Emellertid har generation X och Y andra kunskaper som baby boomers saknar. Karakteristiska värderingar återfinns hos de olika generationerna, exempelvis värdesätter baby boomers hårt arbete och lojalitet. Generation Y tycker däremot att tillfredställelse i arbetet samt fritid är av betydelse. Vårt syfte är att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader mellan generationerna inom arbetslivet kring värderingar och attityder. Värderingar kan liknas vid begreppet organisationskultur eftersom det hjälper medarbetare att få en känsla av identitet och samhörighet inom arbetslivet. Detta leder till gemensamma mål och visioner, vilket på sikt ökar produktiviteten. Både en kvalitativ samt kvantitativ metod tillämpades, vilket genomfördes med hjälp av tre intervjuer samt 68 enkäter på både kundsupport och bankkontor. Undersökningen visar att det inte finns stora skillnader mellan generationernas värderingar och attityder inom den undersökta banken. Organisationskulturen är stark vilket leder till att värderingarna inte syns. Fortsättningsvis visar resultatet att kulturen är starkare än egenskaperna som är karakteristiska för varje enskild generation. Resultatet visar slutligen att ett flertal av de teoretiska värderingarna inte stämmer överens med medarbetarnas svar. Det finns en märkbar skillnad mellan de båda avdelningarna, vilket kan förklaras genom arbetsgruppens storlek samt den egna organisationskulturen. / Within a short time, Sweden will be undergoing major changes on the labor market regarding generations. The Baby boom generation will retire soon and the labor market will mostly consist of Generation X and Y. By leaving the labor market, the Baby boomers are taking their knowledge with them; consequently there will be a huge void, which can be difficult to fill by the next generations. However, Generation X and Y have other knowledge, which the Baby boomers lack. Characteristic values are found among the generations. The Baby boomers value hard work and loyalty while Generation Y value a balance between the private and working life. Our purpose is to examine whether generational differences in the workplace on values and attitudes exist. Values can be similar to the organizational culture because it helps the employees to gain a sense of identity and belonging in the workplace. This leads to common goals and visions, which eventually increases productivity. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used, which was implemented through three interviews and 68 surveys on both the customer service and bank office. The study shows that there are not major differences between the values and attitudes of the generations within the examined bank. The organizational culture is strong, leading to values being hidden. Furthermore, the result shows that the culture is stronger than the traits, which are characteristic of each generation. Lastly, the results indicate a number of the theoretical values do not agree with what the employees responded. A notable difference between the two departments can be explained by the size of the working group and their own organizational culture.

Yes / In this age of ‘intensive motherhood’, new mothers are flooded with information on the best ways in which to raise their children. One of the key issues is infant feeding, in particular, the timing and method of weaning their children onto solid food. This paper examines a new approach called ‘baby-led weaning’ (BLW) in which the child feeds themselves instead of being spoon-fed, that came into popular parenting culture in recent years, considering the ways in which it is represented in National and International newspapers. The media search database Proquest International Newsstand, was searched for ‘baby-led weaning’, producing an eventual sample of 78 articles from a number of countries. The articles were subjected to a critical discursive psychological analysis. The key themes that emerged from the newspapers focused around two main areas; the infant as agentive in their eating behaviours; and, constructions of maternal identities and resisting ‘good motherhood’.

This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect the duration of breastfeeding in low and middle income women, and to determine if low income women have a greater incidence of decreased duration of breastfeeding. Specifically, the effects of early introduction of formula and solid food and mother’s perceived inadequate milk supply, on the duration of breastfeeding, was researched. A questionnaire was developed and one on one interviews conducted on 147 women who breastfed a baby within the past five years. Data analysis included crosstabulation of selected variables, descriptive analyses, and chi square analyses. Results indicated that the majority of the women surveyed introduced formula early, were long term breastfeeders, between the ages of 30-39, and college graduates. There was no difference in duration of breastfeeding between women of low and middle incomes, however, women of middle income terminated breastfeeding early to return to work or school and tended to introduce formula earlier than low income women. Furthermore, mothers who introduced formula or solid foods early, were generally short term breastfeeders. Mothers who introduced formula and solid foods early cited insufficient milk supply as their main reason for terminating breastfeeding. Therefore, mothers perceived to have an insufficient milk supply, tend to introduce formula and solid foods early, thus, contributing to a possible decrease in duration of breastfeeding. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient content of a new instant baby food product to jar baby food of similar product formulation. Instant and jar "Vegetable and Beef" and "Bananas" products processed in 1985 and 1987 were analyzed for available lysine, vitamin B-6 and pyridoxyllysine content. The available lysine content of 100 grams of baby food was found to be higher in the instant products, but when adjusted for protein content, available lysine was higher in the jar products. This indicates that drum-drying used for the instant products is more detrimental in regard to lysine availability than retorting. The vitamin B-6 content of the instant products was found to be higher than that of the jar products. However, due to the addition of ingredients with little or no vitamin B-6 content to the jar products, no conclusion about processing effects on vitamin B-6 content can be made. Products processed in 1985 tended to be lower in nutrient content than the products processed in 1987. Pyridoxyllysine, a compound thought to affect vitamin B-6 bioavailability, could not be detected in any of the baby foods, either by amino acid or HPLC analysis. The instant products were found to be at least equal to the jar products with regard to available lysine and vitamin B-6 content. All products also appear to provide sufficient amounts of these nutrients to infants less than one year of age. / Master of Science

Trapped by a backwoods family of nature worshippers, an aimless young woman finds new purpose when she’s forced to birth an apocalyptic beast destined to destroy all enemies of mother nature.

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that afflicts an estimated 25 million Americans, especially women. Suboptimal intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D contribute to development of osteoporosis. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) indicate that adult women do not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium. Results from other national studies indicate that adult women consume less than the recommended number of servings of dairy foods per day. Focus groups were conducted in rural and urban areas of Virginia to gain insight into middle aged women's perceptions of dairy foods. Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 39 women. The majority of the women were between the ages of 35 to 50 years; all were non-Hispanic white women. All had a minimum of a high school education, and the majority had some education beyond high school. Discussion questions addressed preferences for dairy foods, advantages and disadvantages of dairy foods, factors that influence dairy food choices, and possibilities for product improvements. Focus group discussions were audio taped and transcribed by the moderator. The moderator identified major and minor themes; women's responses were organized thematically. Results were reported in the following broad theme categories: perceptions of health and nutrition that influenced dairy food choices and factors that influenced dairy food choices. The predominant negative perception of dairy foods was that dairy foods were high in fat. Women also negatively associated dairy foods with lactose intolerance and kidney stones. The predominant positive perception of dairy foods was that dairy foods were a good source of calcium. Women also believed dairy foods were a good source of vitamins, although they were unsure of specific vitamins found in dairy foods. Participants were aware of osteoporosis, but many were not knowledgeable about risk factors or prevention related to osteoporosis. Many women used calcium supplements or vitamin-mineral supplements to help meet dietary calcium requirements. Results indicate a need for education on the role of dairy foods in osteoporosis prevention. Women's preferences for dairy foods influenced dairy food choices. Product characteristics, such as sensory attributes, convenience, cost, availability, and packaging, were mentioned as factors that greatly influenced dairy food choices. The majority of women stated that other household members influenced dairy food choices. Women also mentioned that physicians and media sources, such as magazine advertisements and television commercials, influenced their dairy food choices. Nutrition education for this population should continue to promote the view that "all foods can fit" into a healthy eating pattern. Nutrition education should be geared toward the fast paced lifestyle these women lead. Product development should focus on convenience items. / Master of Science

No / To compare the effect of traditional and ¿baby-led¿ breastfeeding advice on early infant weight gain and exclusive breastfeeding rates. Design: Longitudinal cohort study: part prospective, part retrospective. Setting: One UK general practice. Participants: 63 exclusively breastfed infants in two cohorts: 32 babies born before and 31 babies born after a change in breastfeeding advice. Intervention: A change from baby-led to traditional breastfeeding advice. Main outcome measures: Primary analysis: comparison of the effectiveness of the intervention (ie, weight gain expressed as standard deviation score gain (SDSG) between birth and 6¿8 weeks) and exclusive breastfeeding rates between babies whose mothers received traditional advice and those whose mothers received baby-led advice. Secondary analysis: relevance of feed length (ie, weight gain expressed as SDSG between birth and 6¿8 weeks in babies feeding for 10 min or less from the first breast and those feeding for longer than 10 min). Results: The two groups were equivalent with respect to birth weight, gestational age, and parity. Primary outcome: babies whose mothers received the traditional advice were more likely to be exclusively breast fed up to 12 weeks (log rank ¿2¿=¿9.68, p¿=¿0.002) and gained more weight up to 6¿8 weeks than those given baby-led advice (mean SDSG 0.41 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.69) vs ¿0.23 (95% CI ¿0.72 to 0.27)). Secondary outcome: irrespective of feeding advice given, babies feeding for 10 min or less from the first breast gained more weight by 6¿8 weeks than babies feeding for longer than 10 min (mean SDSG 0.42 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.73) vs ¿0.19 (95% CI ¿0.64 to 0.26)). Conclusions: In this study, traditional breastfeeding advice resulted in increased weight gain and increased exclusive breastfeeding rates compared with baby-led advice. Exclusively breastfed babies who had shorter feeds (10 min or less from the first breast) gained more weight.