The objectives of the research were: (1) to establish the relationship between individuals’ emotional affect, career resilience and their career orientations, (2) to explore the moderating role of emotional affect in the career resilience-career orientations relationship, and (3) to determine if employees from different years of service, occupational level, gender, age and race groups differ significantly in relation to their emotional affect, career resilience and career anchors. A convenience sample (N = 143) of predominantly black African people (86%) and staff level (80%) employees with more than 10 years of service (60%) participated in the study (mean age: 41 years; men: 52%; women: 48%). Correlational analysis showed significant associations between the variables. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis indicated high positive affect as a significant moderator of the career resilience-managerial competence career anchor relationship. High negative affect and low negative affect significantly weakened the career resilience-entrepreneurial creativity, career resilience-pure challenge and career resilience-lifestyle relationships. Significant differences were detected between the years of service, age and race groups regarding the variables. The findings may potentially inform the career development of employees in the Public Service / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Na agenda de pesquisa sobre comprometimento organizacional, predomina o modelo de pesquisa de corte transversal, quantitativa, que busca relacionar os vínculos com antecedentes e consequentes de maneira direta, considerando variáveis internas à organização. Esta abordagem tem sido foco de discussão nesta área, que começa a apontar a necessidade de estudos exploratórios buscando compreender a dinâmica dos vínculos ao longo do tempo. O presente trabalho busca contribuir com esta lacuna, e tem por objetivo compreender o papel de elementos de contexto individual na dinâmica dos vínculos do trabalhador com a organização ao longo de sua trajetória. A etapa preliminar quantitativa foi realizada por meio de uma survey que obteve 1584 respostas válidas, coletando com escalas validadas padrões dos vínculos de comprometimento e entrincheiramento com a organização. A partir destes padrões, foram destacados 30 indivíduos com diferentes padrões de vínculos para uma etapa principal qualitativa, que ocorreu por meio de entrevistas exploratórias com estes participantes. As análises de narrativa, conteúdo e eventos foram combinadas para processar estes dados, visando compreender o papel do contexto individual nos vínculos. Estas análises buscaram compreender o papel de diferentes temas da vida do indivíduo: A fase da vida e careira, as âncoras de carreira, eventos marcantes de sua vida, elementos de seu contexto individual (família, comunidade, lazer, amizade, outros trabalhos e autodesenvolvimento) e fenômenos da literatura de vínculos organizacionais. Como resultado, foi encontrado que as fases da vida e carreira exercem papel relevante na dinâmica dos vínculos, e as fases de equacionamento e manutenção são mais propensas a registrarem alto comprometimento, e a fase de manutenção também com alto entrincheiramento. As âncoras de carreira modelam as expectativas que geram os contratos psicológicos, e atuam também na forma com que o indivíduo lida com os eventos em sua vida. Em termos dos eventos, os que se relacionam com mudança cultural e liderança/gestão tem relação com quebras de contrato psicológico, que geram diminuição ou quebra do comprometimento com a organização, se relacionando com o fenômeno da literatura de quondamcommitment. No contexto individual, ele atua como um mediador entre a dinâmica dos vínculos e os eventos vivenciados pelo indivíduo, sendo também pautados pela permeabilidade entre a vida pessoal e profissional. As dimensões de amizade, família e comunidade tem relação mais relevante com a dinâmica de vínculos. Por fim, foi elaborado um modelo teórico que organiza e sistematiza todas as áreas observadas neste estudo, apontando o papel delas na dinâmica dos vínculos. Conclui-se que os vínculos de comprometimento e entrincheiramento são afetados indiretamente pelas fases da vida, e que a depender da âncora de carreira, o indivíduo tenderá a desenvolver maior comprometimento com diferentes focos. Ainda, o estudo explicita o papel de eventos de liderança/gestão e cultura organizacional, que estão associados à quebra de contrato psicológico e diminuição dos níveis do comprometimento. Por fim, o presente trabalho possibilita uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos contextuais na agenda de pesquisa dos vínculos organizacionais, trazendo elementos à tona que podem ser aprofundados em futuras pesquisas. / In the research agenda on organizational commitment, the cross-sectional, quantitative research model predominates, which seeks to relate the links with antecedents and consequents in a direct way, considering internal variables to the organization. This approach has been a focus of discussion in this area, which begins to point out the need for exploratory studies seeking to understand the dynamics of bonds over time. The present work has the objective to contribute to this gap, and aims to understand the role of individual context elements in the dynamics of the worker \'s bonds with the organization throughout its trajectory. The preliminary quantitative stage was accomplished by means of a survey that obtained 1584 valid answers, collecting with validated scales standard of the bonds of organizational commitment and organizational entrenchment. From these standards, 30 individuals with different patterns of bonds were selected for a qualitative main stage, which occurred through exploratory interviews with these participants. Narrative, content, and event analyzes were combined to process these data to understand the role of the individual context in the bonds. These analyzes sought to understand the role of different subjects in the individual\'s life: the life stage and career, career anchors, life events, elements of their individual context (family, community, leisure, friendship, other work and self-development) and bond´s organizational phenomena. As a result, it was found that the life stages and career stages play a relevant role in the dynamics of the bonds, and the phases of equation and maintenance are more likely to register high commitment, and the maintenance phase also with high entrenchment. Career anchors shape the expectations that generate the psychological contracts, and also act on how the individual deals with the events in his or her life. In terms of events, those related to cultural change and leadership / management are related to psychological contract breaches, which generate a decrease or decrease in commitment to the organization, related to the quondam commitment literature phenomenon. In the individual context, it acts as a mediator between the dynamics of the links and the events experienced by the individual, and are also guided by the permeability between personal and professional life. The dimensions of friendship, family and community are more relevant to the dynamics of links. Finally, a theoretical model was elaborated that organizes and systematizes all the areas observed in this study, pointing out their role in the dynamics of the links. It is concluded that the bonds of commitment and entrenchment are affected indirectly by the life cycle, and that depending on the career anchor, the individual will tend to develop greater commitment with different foci. Furthermore, the study explores the role of leadership / management events and organizational culture, which are associated with psychological contract breakdown and decreased levels of commitment. Finally, the present work contributes to a greater understanding of the contextual phenomena in the research agenda of organizational bonds, bringing elements to the fore that can be deepened in future researches.

The primary objectives of the study were as follows: (1) to explore the relationship between career anchors (as measured by the Career Orientations Inventory), organisational commitment (as measured by the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire) and turnover intention (as measured by a three-item questionnaire, developed by Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth, 1978); and (2) to determine whether employees from different gender, race, employment positions and age groups differ significantly in their career anchors, organisational commitment and turnover intention. A quantitative survey was conducted on a non-probability sample of 343 employed adults at managerial and general staff levels in the South African retail sector. The results of this study suggest that there was a significant but weak relationship between employees‟ career anchors and their organisational commitment. Career anchors were also found to be significantly related to organisational commitment and turnover intention; with entrepreneurial creativity, lifestyle and service/dedication to a cause career anchors being the best predictors of these two variables. The relationship between organisational commitment and turnover intention was significant and negative, with affectively and normatively committed participants being more likely to remain with the organisation (i.e. having lower turnover intentions). In addition, the findings indicate that although gender has no relationship with turnover intention, race, employment position and age do. African, general staff and 30 years and younger participants indicated higher intentions to leave the organisation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Face à la mondialisation et à une demande accrue de ressources humaines hautement qualifiées, les pays en voie de développement, en général, font face à une mobilité internationale de leurs professionnels de la santé vers les pays développés. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les déterminants des intentions liées à la mobilité internationale des professionnels de la santé d’origine étrangère (hors U.E) résidant en France. À cet effet, un modèle de recherche a été élaboré à partir de la théorie de l’adaptation interculturelle et des travaux conduits sur le management des carrières et la théorie des ancres de carrières. Notre recherche prend ainsi en compte trois grandes composantes : (i) l’adaptation interculturelle (au travail, à l’interaction, et générale), (ii) le plafonnement de carrière structurel et la satisfaction dans la carrière, et enfin (iii) le rôle des ancres de carrière principalement les ancres de « stabilité géographique » et « internationale ». Il s’agit de préciser l’incidence de ces 3 composantes sur l’intention (a) de retour au pays d’origine, (b) de partir dans un pays tiers, (c) de rester en France. À la suite d’une revue de la littérature, des hypothèses de recherche ont été émises. Les données ont été collectées, par questionnaires, auprès des professionnels de la santé d’origine étrangère résidant en France (PSOE). Les analyses statistiques ont été effectuées sur un échantillon de 317 réponses. Les principaux résultats obtenus montrent d’une part que l’adaptation interculturelle en France n’a pas un effet significatif ni sur l’intention de retour au pays d’origine, ni sur l’intention de partir dans un pays tiers. Par contre, l’adaptation à l’interaction a un effet significatif et positif sur l’intention de rester en France. D’autre part, le plafonnement de carrière structurel est significativement et positivement associé à l’intention de retour au pays d’origine et à l’intention de partir dans un pays tiers. On notera que la satisfaction vis-à-vis de la carrière est seulement significativement reliée à l’intention de rester en France. La justice organisationnelle distributive a quant à elle une influence significative et positive sur l’adaptation générale et sur le sentiment de satisfaction dans la carrière, et d’autre part un effet négatif et significatif sur le sentiment de plafonnement de carrière structurel. Nos résultats soulignent enfin l’influence des ancres de carrière sur les intentions liées à la mobilité internationale. Des variables de contrôle d’ordre sociodémographique, décisionnel, et contextuel jouent également un rôle dans la dynamique de la mobilité internationale des PSOE. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de dégager, entre autres, des implications managériales et pratiques susceptibles d’encourager, d’une part, le retour des PSOE dans leur pays d’origine mais aussi leur maintien en France. Des limites et des perspectives futures de recherche sont également soulignées dans la conclusion. / In the context of globalization and a growing demand for highly qualified human resources, many healthcare professionals from the developing countries are now moving on their own initiative to the developed countries. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the determinants of international mobility intentions among foreign-born (outside the UE) healthcare professionals living in France. In this respect, we have built a research model based on the research on careers management and the theories related to cross-cultural adjustment and career anchors. Our research takes into account three main dimensions: (i) cross-cultural adjustment (to work, to interacting with host nationals, and to the general environment), (ii) hierarchical career plateauing and career satisfaction, and (iii) the role of career anchors, specially «geographical stability» and «internationalism». In fact, we seek to clarify the influence of each of these three dimensions on the intention (a) to return to the country of origin, (b) to go to another, (c) to stay in France. Following a review of the literature, research hypotheses were formulated. Data was collected, by questionnaires, from foreign-born healthcare professionals living in France. Statistical analyses were based on a sample of 317 responses. The main results show, on the one hand, that cross-cultural adjustment in France has no significant effect neither on the intention to return to the country of origin nor on the intention to go to another country. However, interaction adjustment has a positive and significant effect on the intention to stay in France. On the other hand, hierarchical career plateauing is positively and significantly related to the intention to return to the country of origin and to the intention to go to another country. It should be noted that career satisfaction is significantly related to the intention to stay in France. Distributive justice, for its part, has a positive and significant influence on general adjustment and career satisfaction but has a negative and significant effect on hierarchical career plateauing. Finally, our results underline the influence of career anchors on the intentions related to international mobility. When it comes to control variables, we see that personal characteristics, decision-making aspects, and contextual elements play a role in the international mobility dynamic of the foreign-born healthcare professionals living in France. Based on our results, we have formulated managerial and practical implications that could encourage the foreign-born healthcare professionals to return to their country of origin but also to stay in France. Limitations and vision statement for the future research are underlined in the conclusion.

Un design de recherche des études quantitatives et transversales a été utilisé pour collecter les données à partir d’un échantillon déterminé de 957 employés et managers travaillant dans les organisations publiques (gouvernement), privées et semi-gouvernementales situées dans la province de Punjab au Pakistan. Les échelles de Likert allant de 1 jusqu'à 7 ont été utilisées pour mesurer les différentes variables de l’étude. Les données ont été collectées par l’administration de questionnaires par le chercheur lui-même ou à travers les contacts dans les organisations sélectionnées avec un taux de réponse de 81%. Les deux analyses séparées AFE et AFC (utilisées pour mesurer les variables du modèle) ont été appliquées sur des échantillons différents. Les résultats démontrent que les variables indépendantes modératrices ou dépendantes disposent de propriétés psychométriques très satisfaisantes. Nous avons testé nos hypothèses de recherche à l’aide de MANOVA et de l’analyse discriminante. Les analyses ont révélé que les variables indépendantes suivantes: la congruence de l’ancre de carrière, la congruence du profil professionnel dominant, la nature du travail (permanent /contractuel), le soutien organisationnel perçue, les opportunités de carrières perçues dans l’organisation, la multiplicité des ancres de carrière dominantes et la complémentarité des ancres de carrière dominantes multiples ont un effet direct sur les variables dépendantes: l’intention de quitter, succès de carrière, l’engagement organisationnel, la performance et la satisfaction au travail. Egalement, les effets directs des contraintes dans la vie privée (CVP) sur l’intention de quitter et l’engagement organisationnel, et ceux des opportunités alternatives de l’emploi sur l’intention de quitter se sont avérés significatifs. Cependant la variable Type de l’ancre de carrière (par exemple, basée sur le talent, sur les besoins et sur les valeurs) n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur aucunes des variables dépendantes.Les effets de l’interaction entre la congruence des ancres de carrière et la congruence du profil professionnel dominant ont été significatifs démontrant que la congruence du profil professionnel dominant modère les effets de la congruence de l’ancre de carrière sur les variables dépendantes comme le succès de carrière subjectif, l’engagement organisationnel, la performance perçue et la satisfaction au travail mais n’a pas eu d’effet sur l’intention de quitter. De la même façon, les effets de l’interaction entre les opportunités de carrières perçues dans l’organisation et la congruence de l’ancre de carrière se sont avérés aussi significatifs. Les résultats démontrent que le profil professionnel dominant (PPD) modère les effets de la congruence de l’ancre de carrière sur l’intention de quitter et la performance au travail mais pas sur le succès de carrière, l’engagement organisationnel et la satisfaction au travail.A cet effet, les preuves ont été fournies en faveur de l’objectif clé de cette recherche qui visait à démontrer les effets significatifs directs de la congruence de l’ancre de carrière et de la congruence du profil professionnel dominant sur l’intention de quitter, le succès de carrière, l’engagement organisationnel, la performance et la satisfaction au travail. L’analyse confirme aussi le rôle modérateur de la congruence du profil professionnel dominant sur la relation entre la congruence de l’ancre de carrière et toutes les variables dépendantes sauf l’intention de quitter. Cette thèse prend en considération toutes les contributions académiques et les implications managériales des recherches présentées ainsi que leurs limites. Un certain nombre des suggestions pour les futures recherches a été proposé à la fin de cette étude. / A quantitative and cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 957 employees and managers working in the public (governmental), private and semi-governmental organizations located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The research instruments used to measure different variables involved in the study were all seven point Likert type rating scales with response categories ranging from 1 to 7. The data were collected by administering survey questionnaires either by the researcher himself or through the contacts in the organizations selected at a response rate of 81%. The separate EFAs and CFAs of the scales (used to measure the variables included in the research model) were performed on different samples. The results demonstrated that our scales of independent, moderating and outcome variables possessed very good psychometric properties.We tested our research hypotheses through MANOVA and discriminant analysis. The analyses revealed that the independent variables of career anchor congruence, dominant occupational profile congruence, nature of job (permanent/contractual), perceived organizational and supervisor support, perceived career opportunities in the organization, multiplicity of dominant career anchors and complementarity of multiple dominant career anchors, all had significant direct effects on the dependent variables of turnover intentions, career success,organizational commitment, work performance and job satisfaction. The direct effects of personal life constraints (PCOs) on turnover intentions and organizational commitment; and that of alternative job opportunities on turnover intentions were also found to be significant. It was, however, found that the variable Type of Career Anchor (i.e. talent-based, need-based or value-based) had no significant effect on any of the outcome variables.The interaction effects of career anchor congruence and dominant occupational profile congruence was significant showing that DOP-congruence moderated the effects of career anchor congruence on the outcome variables of subjective career success, organizational commitment, perceived work performance and job satisfaction but not on the turnover intentions. Similarly the interaction effects of ‘perceived career opportunities in the organization’ and ‘career anchor congruence’ was also significant. It demonstrated that ‘PCOs’ moderated the effects of ‘career anchor congruence’ on turnover intentions and work performance but not on the career success, organizational commitment and job satisfaction.The significance of interaction between personal life constraints (PLCs) and ‘career anchor congruence’ proved that PLCs moderated the effects of career anchor congruence on the turnover intentions, organizational commitment, perceived work performance and job satisfaction but not on the subjective career success of employees. Conversely the insignificant interaction effects of both Alternative Job Opportunities (AJOs) and perceived organizational and supervisor support (POSS) with ‘career anchor congruence’ showed that both AJOs and POSS did not moderate the effects of career anchor congruence on employees’ outcome variables.So, evidence was found in favor of the key objective of the research that both career anchor congruence and dominant occupational profile congruence have significant direct effects on employees’ turnover intentions, career success, organizational commitment, work performance and job satisfaction. The analysis also demonstrated support for the role of dominant occupational profile congruence as a moderating variable in the relationship between career anchor congruence and outcome variables except turnover intentions of the employees. This thesis makes full consideration of the academic contributions and managerial implications of the research presented whilst also considering its limitations.