In our technologically ever-advancing world, cell phones can either help us remain socially connected or can contribute to social isolation by substituting for face-to-face contact. This study examines the levels of social isolation in terms of the state of loneliness and trait of shyness and their correlations with academic achievement in 206 community college and university students to examine the connection between social isolation, GPA and cell phone use in college students. Two instruments used in the collection of data were the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS) and the DeJong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Correlational analysis was used to examine the relationships between variables. Hypothesis 1 proposed a significant negative relationship between higher levels of cell phone use and academic achievement as measured by self-reported GPA. This was partially supported by the research findings. Hypothesis 2 proposed a significant negative relationship between shyness and higher levels of cell phone use. This was also partially supported by the research findings. Hypothesis 3 proposed a significant positive relationship between loneliness and higher levels of cell phone use. This was not supported by research findings. Implications for further research include examining non-college populations for greater generalization of results and examining additional personality traits.

Abstrakt  Bakgrund: Utvecklingen av mobiltelefonen har skett i snabb takt och många ungdomar har idag en egen mobiltelefon. De senaste åren har användning av mobiltelefonen och sociala medier markant ökat. Tidigare forskning visar att användning av mobiltelefonen påverkar ungdomars hälsa på olika sätt. Skolsköterskor arbetar förbyggande och hälsofrämjande för att elever ska uppleva hälsa.  Motiv: Denna studie avser att bidra med en djupare förståelse om skolsköterskors uppfattning om mobiltelefonanvändning bland elever med möjlighet att ge ökad kunskap om ämnet för att vägleda skolsköterskor i deras förebyggande arbete kring elevers hälsa.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa skolsköterskans uppfattning om mobiltelefonanvändningen bland elever. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie. Individuell semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolsköterskor (n=8). Det insamlade materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Skolsköterskors uppfattningar är att mobiltelefonen bistår med både positiva och negativa följder hos elever samt att elever är i behov av hälsofrämjande insatser. Resultatet mynnade ut i tre huvudkategorier; ”Ses som ett stöd i vardagen”, ”Kan leda till osunda vanor som inverkar på hälsan” och ”Behov finns av hälsopreventiva insatser”. Konklusion: Skolsköterskor behöver få ökad kunskap om följder av elevers mobiltelefonanvändning för att utveckla och förbättra det förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbete för att hjälpa elever till en ökad hälsa. / Abstract  Background: The development of the cell phone has happened in rapid pace and many adolescents has their own cell phone today. In recent years has the cell phone use and social media use markedly increased. Previous research has shown that cell phone use influence adolescents health in different way. School nurses works with prevention and promotion to help students ́ experience health.  Motive: This study intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of school nurses’ perception of cell phone use among students with the possibility of providing increased knowledge on the subject to guide school nurses in their preventive work regarding student health.  Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the school nurse’s perception of cell phone use among school students.Methods: Qualitative interview study. Individual semi-structured interviews with school nurses (n=8). Collected data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.  Result: The school nurses’ perceptions is that the cell phone contributes with both positive and negative effects on students and that the students are in need of health improvement contributions. The result generated three main categories; “Seen as a support in everyday life”, “Can led to unhealthy habits that affects the health” and “need of health preventive contributions”.  Conclusion: School nurses’ need increased knowledge about the consequence of students’ cell phone use to be able to develop and improve the preventive and health promotion work to support increased student health.

Today, information and communication technology is not only for professional use, but also for private tasks. In this thesis, the use of such technology for managing family information flow is investigated. Busy family life today, with school, work and leisure activites, makes coordination and synchronisation a burden. In what way cell-phones and Internet provides a support for those tasks is investigated, together with proposals for future technology. The problem with coordination and synchronisation were found to be managed by a bulletin board placed at a central point at home. Besides the bulletin board, we found that calendars, shopping lists, and to-do lists are important. The families we investigated in field studies were all intensive users of both Internet and cell-phones. Since the bulletin board played such an important role in the family life, we equipped families with cameras to be able to track what happened at those places with help of photo diaries. The field studies revealed that each family had their own unconscious procedure to manage the flow of notes on the bulletin board. With technology, new problem will emerge. We investigated how notes on typical family bulletin boards may be visualised on a computer screen, and compared click-expand, zoom-pan and bifocal interfaces. The click-expand interface was substantially faster for browsing, and also easier to use. An advantage of information and communication technology is that it may provide possibilities for multiple interfaces to information, and not only different terminals but also from different places. At home, a digital refrigerator door or a mobile web tablet; at work or at school, a conventional computer; when on the move, a cell-phone or a PDA. System architecture for these possibilities is presented. / <p>Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2004:39.</p>

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<p>Cell phone use while driving is one of the commonest distracted driving behaviors that causes fatal crashes, and drivers are more likely to use their cell phones in work zones because of slow-moving traffic. The road safety campaign literature suggests that persuasive messages can positively influence safe driving behaviors leading to a reduction in crashes. Thus, this dissertation, guided by the risk perception attitude (RPA) framework, sought to examine how tailored messaging could serve as an effective communication strategy to promote positive attitudes and behavioral intentions in the context of cell phone use avoidance while driving through highway work zones. Findings from two studies, using a college student sample and a national sample of US young adults between 18 and 24 years old, revealed that the RPA framework likely does not serve as a useful audience segmentation strategy in this context because an overwhelming majority of participants (about 87%) belonged to the responsive group. A tailored messaging approach did not influence cell phone use avoidance while driving attitudes and intentions among the young adults because the majority of participants (70%) felt the messages were not designed uniquely for them and might not be personally relevant to them. However, the majority of participants (62%) reported that highway work zone safety was an important topic they would want to receive future messaging about because messages about this topic would help to save lives and protect public safety, drastically reduce crashes in highway work zones, and promote safe driving behaviors in highway work zones. Participants who were aware of the existence of state laws banning cell phone use while driving reported slightly higher attitudes toward and intentions to engage in safe driving behaviors compared to those who were not aware of the existence of such state laws. This dissertation suggests that instead of creating messages to raise risk perceptions and enhance efficacy perceptions, informing the young adult population in the US about the existence of laws banning cell phone use while driving might be an effective means to discourage them from using their cell phones while driving through highway work zones. By extending the RPA framework as an audience segmentation strategy, this dissertation also proposes a responsive group classification framework which could serve as a useful audience segmentation strategy in this study context to classify audiences into four groups to effectively tailor messages to them.</p>

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This essay is a product of our examination work on candidate level in Interaction Design. The aim in this project was to design a digital wallet integrated into a cellular phone and make it as an electronic payment tool. In our project the goal has been to create a digital wallet not just for payment, but also develop it into a complete digital wallet, replacing visa, membership card, student cards, id card and receipt. Our ambition is to take care of current qualities of today's wallet and improve where it is possible so that can be replaceable with the digital wallet.

This thesis presents enhancements made to software designed for simulating digital mobile radio communication systems. Internally generated two-ray Rayleigh fading channel models as well as imported spatially varying complex channel impulse responses can be utilized in simulations. Implementation of receiver timing jitter and timing recovery models, as well as modifications of the channel generation (two-ray model) and conversion (imported channel), are among the enhancements that have been added. The bit error rate and outage performance of the simulator is compared with analytical results. A study of the impact of the distribution of magnitude and phase components within a channel impulse response is performed. A study utilizing both timing recovery and timing jitter models is also included. It has been found that for site specific BER and outage prediction, more descriptive channel parameters than narrowband fading statistics and statistical moments of a channel's power delay profile are needed. The studies also indicate that for simulations of channels with large delay spread timing recovery is essential. / Master of Science