La leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) est une affection hématologique maligne caractérisée par l’apparition dans la moelle osseuse et le sang, d’un nombre important de globules blancs dont certains sont immatures. A l’heure actuelle, le principal traitement est l’Imatinib, commercialisé sous le nom de Glivec®. Ce traitement conduit, chez certains patients, à l'émergence de souches résistantes, ce qui complique la thérapeutique et nécessite un large panel de molécules actives pour contourner les mécanismes de résistance. Par conséquent, la recherche de nouvelles molécules bioactives agissant sur de nouvelles cibles biologiques reste toujours un défi important et d’actualité. Au cours de ce projet de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés au développement de nouveaux procédés de synthèse pour accéder et découvrir de nouvelles molécules bioactives, en série nucléosidique, pour contourner les mécanismes de résistances dans des modèles de LMC. Nous avons tout d’abord développé une nouvelle méthode de synthèse propre et efficace de nouveaux analogues de C-nucléosides en utilisant une catalyse par le fer. Nous avons ensuite réalisé plusieurs modifications post-synthétiques pour accéder à de nouveaux C-nucléosides hautement fonctionnalisés, en particulier les analogues de la thiophènefurine. Nous avons également développé un nouveau procédé de synthèse d’une famille de O-glycosides, en combinant l’activation par les ultrasons à la catalyse par le fer. Ce procédé a été exploité par la suite pour concevoir et synthétiser les analogues glycosidiques du résvératrol. Enfin, nous avons mis au point une méthode efficace et peu couteuse d’azidation de sucres protégés. / Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematological disorder characterized by the formation, in the blood and bone marrow, of an excessive number of white blood cells, some of which are immature. Currently, the main treatment of CML is based on tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, such as Imatinib, the first approved drug of this class of compounds and marketed as Gleevec ®. However, this treatment results, in some patients, to the emergence of resistance, which complicates the treatment and requires a wide range of active molecules to circumvent resistance mechanisms. Therefore, the search for new bioactive molecules featuring new mode of action still remains a challenging.In this thesis project, we were interested in the design and discovery of new bioactive molecules in nucleoside series to circumvent resistance mechanisms in CML models, as well as in the development of new synthetic methods for the preparation of these targeted molecules. We first developed a clean and efficient procedure for the synthesis of new C- nucleoside analogues using iron catalysis. Then, several post-synthetic modifications were carried out, starting from halogenated nucleoside derivatives, to access highly functionalized C- nucleosides, as new analogues of thiophenefurin . We also developed a new procedure for the synthesis of O-glycosides using a cooperative effect of iron catalysis and ultrasound activation. This method has been applied for the synthesis of resveratrol O-glycosides. Finally, we developed an effecient and inexpensive method for anomeric sugar azidation. This method was applied for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl glycosides using a one-pot azidation-click procedure.

Os Clusters de acetato de rutênio de fórmula geral [Ru3O(AcO)6L3]n proporcionam blocos de montagem interessantes para sistemas supramoleculares, exibindo características eletrocrômicas e redox reversível, cobrindo uma ampla faixa de potenciais em solventes aquosos e orgânicos. Nesta Tese, estas espécies foram combinadas com o ligante tridentado, 4\'-piridil-2,2\':6\',2\"-terpiridina (pytpy), produzindo complexos do tipo [Ru3O(AcO)6(pytpy)3]n e [Ru3O(AcO)6(py)2(pytpy)]n, que foram totalmente caracterizados em estado sólido e solução. Nestes complexos a terpiridina permanece disponível para ligar-se a íons metálicos como o Fe(II), gerando um complexo binuclear de baixo spin muito estável, do tipo {Fe[Ru3O(AcO)6(py)2(pytpy)]2}n. Este processo pode ser monitorado eletroquimicamente, partindo de íons Fe(III), que exibem uma baixa afinidade pela terpiridina central, e ciclando o potencial para gerar íons de Fe(II). Desta forma, pode-se executar um procedimento típico de click chemistry, que leva a uma estrutura estendida, Fe-cluster-pytpy na superfície do eletrodo. Este filme conserva a funcionalidade dos blocos de montagem, permitindo aplicações interessantes em dispositivos moleculares, tais como sensores e smart Windows. / Ruthenium acetate clusters of general formula [Ru3O(AcO)6L3]n provide interesting building blocks for assembling supramolecular systems, displaying reversible redox and electrochromic characteristics, over a wide range of potentials in aqueous and organic solvents. In this thesis, such species has been combined with the tritopic, 4\'-pyridil-2,2\':6\',2\"-terpiridine (pytpy) ligand, yielding complexes of the type [Ru3O(AcO)6(pytpy)3]n and [Ru3O(AcO)6(py)2(pytpy)]n, which have been fully characterized in solid state and solution. In these complexes, the terpyridine moiety remains available for binding metals ions, such as Fe(II), generating very stable, low spin binuclear complexes, of the type n. This process can be monitored electrochemically, starting from Fe(III) ions, which exhibits a much lower affinity for the terpyridine center, and cycling the potentials in order to generate Fe(II) ions. In this way, one can start a click chemistry, ending up with an extended structure of Fe-cluster-pytpy film at the electrode surface. This film preserves the functionality of the building block complexes, a llowing many possible applications in molecular devices, such as sensors and smart windows.

The research investigations presented herein are concerned with the syntheses and applications of arylboronic acids and their derivatives; with a particular focus on their accessibility or utility in certain of the most significant modern transition metal-catalysed reactions to involve organoborons. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the field of organoboron chemistry, from its roots employing borane and related highly reactive derivatives for uncatalysed hydroboration of olefins and acetylenes, to the modern classes of organoboron reagents of the greatest significance to the related contemporary transition metal-catalysed methodologies. Furthermore particular emphasis is placed on the discussion of arylboronic acids, their synthesis, and application to transition metal catalysis as a result of their propensity to undergo useful transmetallation events. Chapter 2 details the use of a commercially available sulfonated monophosphine ligand in the rhodium-catalysed 1,2-addition reaction employing aryl aldehydes and arylboronic acids in aqueous media. The high and continued activity of the catalytic complex is demonstrated by it being successfully recycled five consecutive times in the arylation reaction of an aryl aldehyde; as well as being active for the arylations of more sterically demanding aryl methyl ketone substrates. Chapter 3 details the design and synthesis of a novel bench-stable azidomethylene substituted arylboronate ester. The reactivity of this compound and a related analogue in both the coppercatalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction and the Suzuki coupling reaction are detailed, culminating in the proof-of-concept use of such versatile synthetic building blocks in the synthesis of a drug-substance derivative. Chapter 4 details alternative synthetic approaches to that used in Chapter 3 in order to access bifunctional azidomethylene substituted arylboronate esters. In particular the application of Miyaura borylation of arylhalides bearing benzylic azides is addressed as a means to rapidly access substrates which are otherwise shown to be incompatible with classical s-block synthetic intermediates.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-08T13:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaCarolineMarquesSa??deTese2016.pdf: 1482640 bytes, checksum: 98c7088a3903d189fcf2c6a44b4fcdc7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-11-09T11:04:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaCarolineMarquesSa??deTese2016.pdf: 1482640 bytes, checksum: 98c7088a3903d189fcf2c6a44b4fcdc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:04:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaCarolineMarquesSa??deTese2016.pdf: 1482640 bytes, checksum: 98c7088a3903d189fcf2c6a44b4fcdc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 / Bacteria are becoming resistant to a growing number of conventional antibiotics at a worrisome rate. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for new antimicrobial therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of promising alternatives for conventional antibiotics and are thought to be less likely to induce resistance. AMPs have been coupled to molecular scaffolds for biomedical applications such as hydrogels for wound dressings and covering implants. Here AMPs were chemically conjugated to the CR4 hydrophilic polymers. The CPF_C1 is a short peptide isolated from Xenopus clivii, the original sequence was modified one called LCPF_C1, aiming to create some distance between the first glycine and the azide added on the N terminus (on the coupled sequence). The conjugation between the AMP and the CR4 polymer used a click chemistry reaction with two steps, dependent of a hetero crosslinker (DBCO???PEG4???NHS Ester). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorimeter assays were used to evaluate the efficiency of coupling. MALDI-ToF analysis showed 3 molecules of LCPF_C1 peptide for each CR4 polymer. Moreover, microrheology showed changes on hybrids increasing the viscosity. Finally, the compounds were evaluate against four different bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumoneae carbapenemases (Kpc), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was possible to observe MIC???s against P. aeruginosa of 11 mM by using the peptide (LCPF_C1) and 55 mM for the original sequence. When the hibrids were compared to the free polymer was not found MIC values against K. pneumoneae (CR-Kp). On the other hand, the hibrids showed three times less activity than the free polymer against P. aeruginosa. No MIC values were found aganst S. aureus. Finally, against E. coli was observed a MIC value of 1000 mM for the free CR4 and 250 mM for the hibrids. On this way, the present work showed the possibility to functionalize biopolymers by using bioactive molecules coupled to biopolimers, changing the physical-chemical characteristics and increasing they applicability against bacterial infections. / Uma taxa alarmante de bact??rias tem se tornado resistente a um grande n??mero de antimicrobianos convencionais. Desta forma, a demanda por novas terapias antimicrobianas tem aumentado proporcionalmente. Assim, o uso de pept??deos antimicrobianos (PAMs) consistem em uma promissora alternativa para antibacterianos convencionais, particularmente podendo ser acoplado a estruturas moleculares para aplica????es biom??dicas, como hidrog??is para curativos e cobertura de implantes. No presente trabalho, PAMs foram quimicamente conjugados ao pol??mero hidrof??lico inspirado nas prote??nas naturais col??geno e seda CR4. O pept??deo CPF_C1 consiste em um pept??deo contendo 17 res??duos de amino??cidos isolado de Xenopus clivii, com atividade comparada ?? bact??rias Gram-negativas e -positivas. Para este estudo, a sequ??ncia original do CPF-C1 foi modificada e intitulada LCPF_C1, objetivando aumentar a dist??ncia entre a primeira glicina e a azida adicionada na por????o N-terminal. A conjuga????o entre o PAM e o pol??mero CR4 foi realizada por meio de click chemistry reaction em dois passos, dependentes do hetero crosslinker (DBCO???PEG4???NHS Ester). Ensaios de espalhamento de luz din??mico (DLS) e fluorimetria foram utilizados para avaliar a efici??ncia de acoplamento e demonstraram a presen??a do pept??deo acoplado ao pol??mero. An??lises de MALDI-ToF demonstraram 3 mol??culas do pept??deo LCPF-C1 para cada mol??cula do pol??mero CR4. Al??m disso, dados de microrreologia demonstraram mudan??as nos h??bridos como aumento de viscosidade. Finalmente, os compostos foram avaliados contra quatro bact??rias diferentes: Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoneae carbapenemase (Kpc), Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foi poss??vel observar para P. aeruginosa MICs de 11 mM utilizando o pept??deo (LCPF_C1) e 55 mM para a sequ??ncia original. Quando comparados aos h??bridos em rela????o a atividade do pol??mero livre n??o foi encontrado valor de MIC contra K. pneumoneae (CR-Kp). Por outro lado, os h??bridos demonstraram um MIC cerca de tr??s vezes menor que o pol??mero livre contra P. aeruginosa. Nenhum valor de MIC foi encontrado contra S. aureus. Finalmente, contra E. coli observou-se MIC de 1000 mM para o pol??mero CR4 e 250 mM para os h??bridos. Desta forma o presente trabalho demonstrou a possibilidade de funcionalizar biopol??meros por meio do acoplamento de mol??culas bioativas, alterando suas caracter??sticas f??sico-qu??micas e aumentando sua aplicabilidade contra infec????es bacterianas.

As cumarinas são estruturas interessantes aos olhos da química medicinal, apresentando diversas atividades biológicas sobre os mais variados alvos. Neste trabalho, em um primeiro momento, realizamos a extração com CO2 em meio supercrítico das cumarinas de Pterocaulon balansae, planta nativa do Rio Grande do Sul que apresenta em sua composição grandes quantidades destes compostos. A extração com CO2 supercrítico apresentou rendimentos satisfatórios em massa de sete cumarinas previamente descritas para estas espécies. Dentre estes se destacam os compostos majoritários 7-(2,3-epoxi-3-metil-3-butiloxi)-6-metoxicumarina e 5,6-dimetoxi-7-(2’,3’-epoxi-3-metilbutiloxi) cumarina. Realizamos também a síntese de 4-metilcumarinas através de reação de Pechmann, obtendo o composto LaSOM 77 (7-hidroxi-4-matilcumarina) com excelentes rendimentos, onde realizamos uma diversificação estrutural através da adição de um linker e posteriormente a síntese de triazóis através de “Click Chemistry”. Para tanto, utilizamos uma biblioteca de 35 alcinos disponíveis comercialmente e outros 3 sintetizados em nosso laboratório. Sendo assim, obtivemos uma biblioteca de 38 híbridos cumarina-triazol que apresentaram excelentes rendimentos, em tempos reacionais que variaram entre 20 e 50 minutos de reação sob irradiação de microondas. Os testes biológicos preliminares frente a linhagens cancerígenas indicaram que os compostos sintetizados apresentam potencial utilização como anticancerígenos, sendo ativos frente a linhagens celulares de câncer de pulmão, fígado e mama, apresentando baixa toxicidade em células sadias. A partir das investigações teóricas e experimentais relacionadas à este trabalho foi produzido um artigo de revisão, intitulado “New insights into the chemistry and antioxidante activity of coumarins” está aceito pelo periódico Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. / Coumarins are interesting structures for the medicinal chemistry, because present several biological activities. At first, we performed the supercritical CO2 extraction from Pterocaulon balansae, a plant native from Rio Grande do Sul, which has in its composition large amounts of these compounds. The extraction with supercritical CO2 showed satisfactory yields of seven coumarins previously described for this species. Among these compounds the coumarins 7-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-3-butyloxy)-6-methoxycoumarin e 5,6-dimethoxy-7-(2’,3’-epoxy-3-methylbutyloxy) coumarin are the majority compunds. We also performed the synthesis of 4-methylcoumarins using Pechmann reaction, obtaining the compound LaSOM 77 (7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin) in excellent yield and perfomed the structural diversification trougth the addition of a linker and subsequentely synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles by Click Chemistry. Therefore, was used a colection of 35 commercialy available alkynes and other 3 synthesized in our laboratory to obtain a colection of 38 coumarin-triazole hybrids in excellent yields and time of reaction ranging betwenn 20 and 50 minutes under microwave radiation. Preliminary biological tests against cancerous strains indicated that the synthesized compounds have potential use as anticancer agents against cell lines of lung, liver and breast cancer. From the theorical and experimental data from this work, one review paper was produced: The article is intitled “New insights into the chemistry and antioxidante activity of coumarins” is accepted to the journal "Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry".

L'objectif de cette thèse était le développement d'un tensioactif organométallique pour catalyser la cycloaddition entre un alcyne et un azoture. Le but d'un tel système est de compartimenter le catalyseur et les réactifs dans deux phases différentes : le catalyseur dans une phase organique ou fluorée et les réactifs dans une phase aqueuse, afin de simplifier la purification en fin de réaction. D'abord, le complexe [Cu(TF6)(3-benzoylbenzoate)2] a été synthétisé. Puis, il a été montré que ce complexe non soluble dans l'eau présente de bonnes propriétés tensioactives à l'interface des systèmes DIPE-eau et PFD-eau, grâce à ces chaînes fluorées. Il est aussi photoréductible pour obtenir un complexe de cuivre (I). Enfin, il a été utilisé comme catalyseur dans des émulsions. Le complexe [Cu(TF6)(3-benzoylbenzoate)2], une fois réduit, montre une bonne activité en catalyse. Cependant, à la fin de la réaction, une quantité importante de cuivre est détectée dans la phase aqueuse pour des raisons encore non déterminées. Par ailleurs, il s'avère que c'est le cuivre présent dans l'eau qui est responsable de la catalyse et non le complexe à l'interface. / The aim of this thesis was to develop a new metallosurfactant for the catalysis between an alkyne and an azide. The goal of such a system was to keep separated the reactants and the catalyst in two different phases to facilitate the purification of the reaction mixture. The first step was to synthetized the complex [Cu(TF6)(3-benzoylbenzoate)2]. Then it was shown that this complex, insoluble in water and DIPE-water. This complex is also photoreductible to form a copper(I) complex. Finally, it was tested as catalyst in emulsion. When reduced, it showed good activity. However at the end of the reactions a certain amount of copper was found in the water phase for still unknown reason. Besides, it appeared that mainly the copper in the water phase was responsible for the reaction and not the complex at the interface.

As there is a need for fully validated drug targets in <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the genetic andbiochemical essentiality of <i>N</i>-myristoyltransferase (NMT) was assessed. The geneticrequirement was assessed using a classical gene replacement strategy, attempting tosequentially replace the endogenous alleles with drug resistance genes to generate an<i>NMT</i> null parasite. It was only possible to achieve this in the presence of an ectopiccopy of <i>NMT</i> under constitutive expression, providing the strongest evidence that thisgene is essential for the proliferation of the epimastigote. While both NMT and <i>N</i>-myristoylationwere detected in all lifecycle stages, there were subtle differences in theexpression of several myristoylated proteins. However, at least ~10 myristoylatedproteins were common throughout the lifecycle. In addition, <i>N</i>-myristoylation in thisparasite was found to be primarily associated with nascent protein synthesis, astreatment with cycloheximide reduced the number of <i>N</i>-myristoylated proteins detected. The sensitivity of epimastigotes to the inhibitor DDD85646 correlated with theexpression of NMT, suggesting it to be the target in the parasite. This was confirmedby the dose-dependent depletion of <i>N</i>-myristoylated proteins detected in parasitestreated with this compound. Mechanism of action studies revealed a cytokinesis defectcaused by the inhibition of <i>N</i>-myristoylation and NMT. Overexpression of NMT wasable to rescue these cells from this phenotype confirming that it is NMT mediated. The<i>N</i>-myristoylated proteins comprising the <i>N</i>-myristoylome of the epimastigote wereidentified using the myristic acid analog, azidomyristate and a chemical proteomicsapproach. Combining label-free and SILAC methodologies, 38 proteins were enrichedfrom azidomyristate labelled cells, 35 of which were predicted to have a glycine afterthe initial methionine. The findings from these experiments have led to the mostcomprehensive <i>N</i>-myristoylome of <i>T. cruzi</i> studied to date and provide severalhypotheses, by which the inhibition of NMT leads to the observed cytokinesis defect.

Neste trabalho promovemos a síntese de sulfóxidos vinílicos ?-substituídos através da reação de acoplamento cruzado de Suzuki-Miyaura. Também foi feita a síntese de sulfóxidos enínicos inéditos, pela adição do nucleófilo no carbono &#946;-sulfóxido. Esses compostos eram passíveis de serem submetidos a reação de rearranjo de Pummerer aditivo e assim gerarem uma pequena biblioteca de compostos &#945;-tioaldeídos. Um desses aldeídos sintetizados foi empregado na reação de formação de uma imina propargílica, com consequente reação de CuAAC formando iminas triazólicas. Outras iminas arílicas foram sintetizadas, passando por uma etapa de redução, com intuito de se obter a amina livre, para que fosse feita a reação de ciclização com auxílio de um agente eletrofílico. Outra classe de composto organoenxofre foi sintetizada, as N-sulfinil imina, que após a reação de acoplamento cruzado de Sonogashira, com consequente remoção de um grupo protetor e a formação do anel heterocíclico, foram obtidos compostos triazólicos N-sulfinil imínicos. / In this work we promote the synthesis of &#945;-substituted vinylic sulfoxides through the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction. Also the synthesis of unpublished enynic sulfoxides was made, by the addition of the nucleophile in the &#946;-sulfoxide carbon. These compounds were susceptible to additive Pummerer rearragement reaction and thus generated a small library of compounds. One of these aldehydes synthesized was used in the formation reaction of a propargyl imine, with consequent CuAAC reaction, forming triazol imines. Other aryl imines were synthesized, undergoing a reduction step, in order to obtain the free amine, so that the cyclization reaction was carried out with the aid of an electrophilic agent. Another class of organosulfur compound was synthesized, the N-sulfinyl imine, which after the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, with consequent removal of a protecting group and formation of the heterocyclic ring, N-sulfinyl imine triazolic compounds were obtained.

Germanium nanoparticles (Ge NPs) may be fascinating for their electronic and optoelectronic properties, as the band gap of Ge NPs can be tuned from the infrared into the visible range of solar spectru. Further functionalization of those nanoparticles may potentially lead to numerous applications ranging from surface attachment, bioimaging, drug delivery and nanoparticles based devices. Blue luminescent germanium nanoparticles were synthesized from a novel top-down mechanochemical process using high energy ball milling (HEBM) of bulk germanium. Various reactive organic molecules (such as, alkynes, nitriles, azides) were used in this process to react with fresh surface and passivate the surface through Ge-C or Ge-N bond. Various purification process, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Soxhlet dailysis etc. were introduced to purify nanoparticles from molecular impurities. A size separation technique was developed using GPC. The size separated Ge NPs were characterize by TEM, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy to investigate their size selective properties. Germanium nanoparticles with alkyne termini group were prepared by HEBM of germanium with a mixture of n-alkynes and α, ω-diynes. Additional functionalization of those nanoparticles was achieved by copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne ""click"" reaction. A variety of organic and organometallic azides including biologically important glucals have been reacted in this manner resulting in nanopartilces adorned with ferrocenyl, trimethylsilyl, and glucal groups. Additional functionalization of those nanoparticles was achieved by reactions with various azides via a Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne ""click"" reaction. Various azides, including PEG derivatives and cylcodextrin moiety, were grafted to the initially formed surface. Globular nanoparticle arrays were formed through interparticle linking via ""click"" chemistry or ""host-guest"" chemistry. Copper(I) catalyzed ""click"" chemistry also can be explored with azido-terminated Ge NPs which were synthesized by azidation of chloro-terminated Ge NPs. Water soluble PEGylated Ge NPs were synthesized by ""click"" reaction for biological application. PEGylated Ge NP clusters were prepared using α, ω-bis alkyno or bis-azido polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives by copper catalyzed ""click"" reaction via inter-particle linking. These nanoparticles were further functionalized by azido β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and azido adamantane via alkyne-azide “click” reactions. Nanoparticle clusters were made from the functionalized Ge NPs by “host-guest” chemistry of β-CD functionalized Ge NPs either with adamantane functionalized Ge NPs or fullerene, C60. / acase@tulane.edu

Le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques est un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Etant donné, le fort potentiel des aminoglycosides en tant qu’antibiotique, ces composés ont attisé l’intérêt de plusieurs groupes de recherche. Cependant, leur usage est encore très limité, malgré leur ancienneté, du fait de leur toxicité et du développement toujours croissant des mécanismes de résistances aux aminoglycosides. Afin de mieux appréhender les problèmes inhérents à leur utilisation, il est crucial de mieux comprendre leur action sur les différentes cibles cellulaires, et d’étudier leur interaction avec leur cible moléculaire (ARN et protéine). En plus de leur pouvoir antibiotique, les aminoglycosides sont également des ligands universels pour des ARN, capables d’interagir spécifiquement avec notamment les ARN du VIH-1 suivants : DIS, TAR, RRE. L’élaboration d’aminoglycosides modifiés présente un énorme avantage car le domaine d’application, et en conséquence les retombées, sont grandes. Néanmoins, la complexité structurale de ces molécules est un frein majeur, la fonctionnalisation chimiosélective est indispensable mais malheureusement peu décrite dans la littérature. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons développé deux types d’approches pour cibler le DIS et/ou le site A du ribosome bactérien. La première originale, mais risquée se base sur le concept de click in situ. La seconde approche est traditionnelle et est basée sur la fonctionnalisation sélective de certaines positions clés des aminoglycosides. / The development of new antibiotics is a major public health issue. Given the high potential of aminoglycosides as antibiotics, these compounds have aroused great interest in many research groups. However, despite their maturity, their use is still limited because of their toxicity and the increasing development of resistance mechanisms to aminoglycosides. To better understand the problems inherent to their use, it is crucial to understand their action a cellular level, and to study the interactions with their molecular targets (RNA and protein). In addition to their antibiotic power, aminoglycosides are also universal ligands for several RNAs, capable of specific interactions with RNAs of HIV-1: DIS, TAR and RRE. The elaboration of modified aminoglycosides presents a huge advantage because the domain of application, and therefore the benefits, are important. Nevertheless, the structural complexity of these molecules is a major constraint, chemoselective functionalization is essential but unfortunately poorly described in the literature.In this work, we developed two approaches to target the DIS and/or the A site of the bacterialribosome. The first one, unique but challenging is based on the concept of in situ click chemistry. The second approach is conventional and is based on the selective functionalization of some keypositions of aminoglycosides.