University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Mathematics

The goal of this thesis is the development of a fast and robust algorithm that is able to detect patterns in flow fields independent from their orientation and adequately visualize the results for a human user. This thesis is an interdisciplinary work in the field of vector field visualization and the field of pattern recognition. A vector field can be best imagined as an area or a volume containing a lot of arrows. The direction of the arrow describes the direction of a flow or force at the point where it starts and the length its velocity or strength. This builds a bridge to vector field visualization, because drawing these arrows is one of the fundamental techniques to illustrate a vector field. The main challenge of vector field visualization is to decide which of them should be drawn. If you do not draw enough arrows, you may miss the feature you are interested in. If you draw too many arrows, your image will be black all over. We assume that the user is interested in a certain feature of the vector field: a certain pattern. To prevent clutter and occlusion of the interesting parts, we first look for this pattern and then apply a visualization that emphasizes its occurrences. In general, the user wants to find all instances of the interesting pattern, no matter if they are smaller or bigger, weaker or stronger or oriented in some other direction than his reference input pattern. But looking for all these transformed versions would take far too long. That is why, we look for an algorithm that detects the occurrences of the pattern independent from these transformations. In the second part of this thesis, we work with moment invariants. Moments are the projections of a function to a function space basis. In order to compare the functions, it is sufficient to compare their moments. Normalization is the act of transforming a function into a predefined standard position. Moment invariants are characteristic numbers like fingerprints that are constructed from moments and do not change under certain transformations. They can be produced by normalization, because if all the functions are in one standard position, their prior position has no influence on their normalized moments. With this technique, we were able to solve the pattern detection task for 2D and 3D flow fields by mathematically proving the invariance of the moments with respect to translation, rotation, and scaling. In practical applications, this invariance is disturbed by the discretization. We applied our method to several analytic and real world data sets and showed that it works on discrete fields in a robust way.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Comparative Religion, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-93).

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T10:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 800250 bytes, checksum: 42e76ab05ea580b4fd24a3312b9b4212 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T10:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 800250 bytes, checksum: 42e76ab05ea580b4fd24a3312b9b4212 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this paper, we study Clifford algebras so universal and constructive as quantization of exterior algebra, we classify all Clifford algebras associated with the quadratic Minkowski spaces (Rp+q, p,q), where p,q(u) = u21 +...+u2 p −(u2 p+1 +...+u2 p+q), u = (u1, ..., up+q) ∈ Rp+q, which we denote by Clp,q, as well as their complexifications. To do so, we use important results as the periodicity theorem Carton / Bott. The, we study their representations, emphasizing the Twisted Adjoint Representataion, Spin Representation and the Spin-Half Representation moreover using the number of Radon-Hurwitz we study representations of the algebras Cl0,k. / Neste trabalho, estudamos as ´algebras de Clifford Cl(V, ) associadas aos espa¸cos quadr´aticos (V, ), de maneira universal, construtiva e como quantiza¸c˜ao da ´algebra exterior. Classificamos todas as ´algebras de Clifford associadas as espa¸cos quadr´aticos de Minkowski (Rp+q, p,q), onde p,q(u) = u21 + ... + u2 p − (u2 p+1 + ... + u2 p+q), u = (u1, ..., up+q) ∈ Rp+q, as quais denotamos por Clp,q, bem como suas complexifica¸c˜oes. Para tanto, usaremos resultados importantes como o teorema da periodicidade de Carton/Bott. Al´em disso, estudamos as suas representa¸c˜oes, destacando a Representa¸c˜ao Adjunta Torcida, as Representa ¸c˜oes Spin e Semi-Spin e por meio do n´umero de Radon-Hurwitz estudamos as representa¸c˜oes das ´algebras Cl0,k.

The purpose of this essay is to explore the relationship between female nobility and their servants during the early modern period. Questions that this thesis sets out to answer concerns who their servants were, their positions in the household and if the relationship between master and servant changed over time. The lives of five noblewomen are explored through their diaries, letters and memoires with the purpose of trying to find out what they thought about- and how they treated their servants. The women are: Perchta and Anézka Rozmberk from the mid to late 15th century Bohemia, Lady Anne Clifford from the early to mid 17th century England, Liselotte Von der Pfalz/Elisabeth Charlotte from the mid to late 16th century Germany/France and Anna Labzina from the 18-19th century Russian Empire. The essay arrived at the conclusion that the women, for the most part, treated their subordinates with kindness and in some cases even respect that went beyond the elementary duties of a master. The primary source material are the letters, diaries and memoires mentioned above, although not in their original forms but in to English translated newly pusblished editions.

Orientador: Jayme Vaz Jr / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mosna_RicardoAntonio_D.pdf: 807145 bytes, checksum: 25b46de178f11d5e74647a293b3413c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, obtemos novas formulações multivetoriais da equação de Dirac ¿ através da introdução de estruturas Z2-graduadas alternativas em álgebras de Clifford ¿ e exploramos certas simetrias latentes da equação de Dirac-Kähler para a obtenção de modelos de teorias de calibre, particularmente no contexto das interações eletrofracas. Discutimos ainda como as técnicas desenvolvidas no contexto de tais representações multivetoriais podem ser úteis em outras situações, como na construção de representações quaterniônicas da teoria de Dirac e no problema da reconstrução tomográfica de um espinor de Dirac. Com relação à equação de Dirac-Kähler, inicialmente revisitamos sua bem conhecida degenerescência em termos de quatro equações de Dirac desacopladas, definidas em diferentes ideais da álgebra. A arbitrariedade na escolha de tais ideais define uma simetria global da lagrangiana, que aqui estendemos a uma simetria local. Os campos de calibre resultantes então acoplam os diferentes ideais, de maneira que as interações entre os setores de quiralidade positiva e negativa são naturalmente suprimidas. Ainda, em tal formalismo, as antipartículas são automaticamente representadas na lagrangiana, com as quiralidades corretas. Ao restringirmos as interações àquelas que conservam a carga elétrica, o modelo resultante é equivalente ao modelo eletrofraco simétrico, desde que identifiquemos os léptons (ou quarks) de uma dada geração com os diferentes ideais. Quando a simetria é quebrada, de maneira que os ideais correspondentes ao neutrino (antineutrino) de quiralidade positiva (negativa) permane¸ cam fixos, o modelo de Glashow-Weinberg-Salam é recuperado. Tal formalismo também nos permite uma interpretação geométrica para o mecanismo de Higgs / Abstract: In this work, new multivector formulations of the Dirac equation are obtained via the introduction of alternative Z2-gradings of Clifford algebras. Certain latent symmetries of the Dirac-Kähler equation are also explored in order to construct gauge theory models, especially in the context of the electroweak interactions. We also discuss how the multivector techniques developed here can be useful in other situations, as in constructing quaternionic representations of the Dirac equation, and in obtaining a tomographic scheme for the state reconstruction of a Dirac spinor. With respect to the Dirac-Kähler equation, we start by revising its well-known fourfold degeneracy that leads to uncoupled Dirac equations living in minimal left ideals of the Dirac algebra. The ar-bitrariness in choosing one such system of ideals defines a global symmetry of the Dirac-Kähler Lagrangian. We gauged such symmetry by considering independent choices for the system of mini-mal left ideals at each spacetime point. The resulting gauge fields then naturally couple the different ideals, in a way that interactions between left-handed and right-handed particles are naturally sup-pressed. Moreover, the formalism automatically gives rise to a term in the Lagrangian corresponding to the associated antiparticles, with the correct handedness. By restricting the interactions to those conserving electric charge, the resulting model turns out to be equivalent to the symmetric model of electroweak interactions, provided that we identify the leptons (or quarks) of a given generation with the different ideals. When the symmetry is broken, so that the ideals corresponding to the right-handed neutrino and left-handed antineutrino remain fixed, the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam is recovered. The formalism also allows a geometric interpretation for the Higgs mechanism / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Waldyr A. Rodrigues Jr / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T01:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moya_AntonioManuel_D.pdf: 2371692 bytes, checksum: 27c27783a7dad0ff9575696172177b9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Desenvolvemos o formalismo Lagrangiano para os chamados campos relativísticos utilizando o cálculo do espaço-tempo, i.e., um cálculo multivetorial baseado na álgebra do espaço-tempo. Derivamos rigorosamente a equação de campo, associada à Lagrangiana para um campo multivetorial (rotor ou spinor), a partir do princípio de mínima ação. Derivamos as fórmulas gerais para os extensores canônicos da energia-momento e do momento angular, e obtemos duas formas equivalentes para os correspondentes teoremas de conservação, com campos multivetoriais (rotores) e campos spinoriais tratados de um modo completamente unificado. Demonstramos que aparte antisimétrica do extensor de energia-momento é de grande importância no tratamento correto do momento angular, ela está relacionada à fonte do spin / Abstract: The Lagrangian formalism for the so-called relativistic fields is developed by using the space-time calculus, i.e., a multivector calculus based upon the space-time algebra. The field equation, associated to the Lagrangian for a multivector field (rotor or spinor), is rigorously derived from the least action principle. The general formulas for the canonical stress-energy and angular-momentum extensors are derived, and two equivalent forms for the corresponding conservation theorems are obtained, with multivector fields (rotors) and spinor fields treated in a unified way. It is demonstrated that the antisymmetric part in the stress-energy extensor is potentially important to the correct treatment of the angular-momentum, the one is related to the spin source / Doutorado / Fisica-Matematica / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

The goal of this thesis is the development of a fast and robust algorithm that is able to detect patterns in flow fields independent from their orientation and adequately visualize the results for a human user. This thesis is an interdisciplinary work in the field of vector field visualization and the field of pattern recognition. A vector field can be best imagined as an area or a volume containing a lot of arrows. The direction of the arrow describes the direction of a flow or force at the point where it starts and the length its velocity or strength. This builds a bridge to vector field visualization, because drawing these arrows is one of the fundamental techniques to illustrate a vector field. The main challenge of vector field visualization is to decide which of them should be drawn. If you do not draw enough arrows, you may miss the feature you are interested in. If you draw too many arrows, your image will be black all over. We assume that the user is interested in a certain feature of the vector field: a certain pattern. To prevent clutter and occlusion of the interesting parts, we first look for this pattern and then apply a visualization that emphasizes its occurrences. In general, the user wants to find all instances of the interesting pattern, no matter if they are smaller or bigger, weaker or stronger or oriented in some other direction than his reference input pattern. But looking for all these transformed versions would take far too long. That is why, we look for an algorithm that detects the occurrences of the pattern independent from these transformations. In the second part of this thesis, we work with moment invariants. Moments are the projections of a function to a function space basis. In order to compare the functions, it is sufficient to compare their moments. Normalization is the act of transforming a function into a predefined standard position. Moment invariants are characteristic numbers like fingerprints that are constructed from moments and do not change under certain transformations. They can be produced by normalization, because if all the functions are in one standard position, their prior position has no influence on their normalized moments. With this technique, we were able to solve the pattern detection task for 2D and 3D flow fields by mathematically proving the invariance of the moments with respect to translation, rotation, and scaling. In practical applications, this invariance is disturbed by the discretization. We applied our method to several analytic and real world data sets and showed that it works on discrete fields in a robust way.

Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle représentation des images couleur basée sur une généralisation du signal analytique est introduite. En utilisant l'analogie entre les conditions de Cauchy-Riemann, qui définissent le caractère holomorphe d'une fonction, et l'équation de Dirac dans l'algèbre de Clifford R_{5,0}, un système d'équations dont la solution est le signal monogène couleur est obtenu. Ce signal est notamment basé sur des noyaux de Riesz ainsi que de Poisson 2D, et une représentation polaire, basée sur un produit géométrique, peut lui être associée. Les applications envisagées reposent majoritairement sur cette représentation polaire et sur les informations de couleur et de structures locales s'y rattachant. Des problématiques liées au flot optique couleur, à la segmentation couleur multi-échelle, au suivi d'objets couleur et à la détection de points d'intérêt sont abordées. En ce qui concerne le flot optique, nous nous intéressons à l'extraction du mouvement d'objets d'une certaine couleur en remplaçant la contrainte de conservation de l'intensité par une contrainte de conservation d'angles. Pour la segmentation, une méthode de détection de contours basée sur de la géométrie différentielle et plus particulièrement sur la première forme fondamentale d'une surface, est proposée afin de déterminer les contours d'objets d'une couleur choisie. Pour le suivi d'objets, nous définissons un nouveau critère de similarité utilisant le produit géométrique que nous insérons dans un filtrage particulaire. Enfin, nous resituons la définition du détecteur de Harris dans le cadre de la géométrie différentielle en faisant le lien entre ce dernier et une version "relaxée" du discriminant du polynôme caractéristique de la première forme fondamentale. Ensuite nous proposons une nouvelle version multi-échelle de ce détecteur en traitant le paramètre d'échelle comme une variable d'une variété de dimension 3. / In this thesis, a novel framework for color image processing is introduced based on the generalization of the analytic signal. Using the analogy between the Cauchy-Riemann conditions and the Dirac equation in the Clifford algebra R_{5,0}, a system of equations which leads to the color monogenic signal is obtained. This latter is based on the Riesz and 2D Poisson kernels, and a polar representation based on the geometric product can be associated to this signal. Some applications using color and local structure information provided by the polar representation are presented. Namely, color optical flow, color segmentation, color object tracking and points of interest are developed. Extraction of optical flow in a chosen color is obtained by replacing the brightness constancy assumption by an angle constancy. Edge detection is based on the first fundamental form from differential geometry in order to segment object in a predefined color. Object tracking application uses a new similarity criterion defined by geometric product of block of vectors. This latter is viewed as the likelyhood measure of a particle filter. Last part of the thesis is devoted to the definition of the Harris detector in the framework of differential geometry and a link between this definition and a relaxed version of the characteristic polynomial discriminant of the first fundamental form is given. In this context, a new scale-space detector is provided as the result of handling the scale parameter as a variable in a 3-manifold.

[pt] A proposta desta pesquisa, informada pelo paradigma teórico dos Descriptive Translation Studies, foi examinar três traduções para o inglês de romances brasileiros contemporâneos feitas pelo professor e tradutor norte- americano Clifford Landers, tendo em vista os seguintes objetivos: (i) verificar, mediante uma análise contrastiva das estratégias utilizadas por Landers na tradução de itens especificamente culturais, se essas traduções têm como efeito resultante um apagamento ou uma acentuação dos elementos culturais brasileiros a partir do ponto de vista da cultura receptora, e (ii) investigar qual é a imagem do Brasil projetada no pólo receptor norte-americano por meio dessas obras traduzidas, buscando avaliar se tais traduções desmentem, perpetuam ou geram representações culturais estereotipadas do Brasil. Além disso, sempre que pertinente aos objetivos da pesquisa, analisei a prática tradutória de Landers a fim de avaliar, dentre outras questões, em que medida sua prática se coaduna com suas próprias teorizações, divulgadas em livros, artigos e comunicações pessoais. / [en] Having the Descriptive Translation Studies as a theoretical framework, in this research I analysed the English translations of three Brazilian contemporary novels, all made by the American translator Clifford Landers. The purpose of it was to (i) analyse the strategies employed by Landers in translating textual elements known as culture-specific items, so as to infer if such strategies resulted either in the detachment or in the approximation, from the point of view of the target culture, of Brazilian culture as signaled by these kind of textual elements and (ii) to investigate the resulting representation of Brazilian culture by these translations, trying to infer if such texts create, deny or confirm stereotyped representations of Brazilian culture. Besides, whenever pertinent to the objectives of this research, I reviewed Lander`s translational practice, taking into account, amongt other issues, if his practice matches with his own theorization, published in books, papers or personal communications.