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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

L'interventionnisme fiscal : impôt et investissement direct étranger dans les pays en développement : Le cas de l'Egypte / Fiscal policy intervention : tax and foreign direct investment in developing countries : the cas of Egypt

Mohamed Taha, Inas 20 December 2012 (has links)
La présente recherche porte sur l'étude de l'aménagement de la fiscalité égyptienne en faveur de l'investissement direct étranger et l'adaptation du régime fiscal au contexte de compétitivité mondiale. La compétitivité, notion d'origine privée, semble aujourd'hui être l'objectif à court terme permettant à l'État d'atteindre le degré de croissance économique nécessaire afin de réaliser son objectif à long terme de développement. L'État doit être en mesure d'orienter le capital privé vers les domaines stratégiques dans le cadre d'un plan de développement, notamment dans les pays en développement. En effet, en raison de la faiblesse de l'épargne nationale dans les PED, le capital étranger, notamment celui dirigé vers des projets d'investissement direct, représente un intérêt fondamental. En Egypte, depuis 1952 et jusqu'à 1970, la politique économique nassérienne avait une tendance socialiste et la fiscalité ne constituait pas un outil important d'interventionnisme étatique. En 1971, l'Égypte adopte une idéologie économique libérale et rend ainsi au capital privé étranger et à l'outil fiscal leur importance au sein de la politique économique égyptienne. En effet, l'adhésion de l'Égypte à l'économie de marché, et à un nombre important d'accords internationaux et régionaux, limite le nombre d'outils d'intervention étatique auquel l'État peut avoir recours sans constituer un obstacle à la libre circulation des capitaux, des marchandises et des services. L'idéologie libérale permet à l'interventionnisme fiscal d'avoir un statut important au sein des outils d'interventionnisme étatique. L'orientation de l'IDE vers les domaines stratégiques dépend de la manifestation de la souveraineté fiscale de l'État à travers les législations fiscales. Cette recherche retrace le développement de la fiscalité égyptienne et de la politique d'incitation fiscale des IDE, tout en expliquant l'intérêt et les limites du recours à l'instrument fiscal. La décision d'implantation d'investisseur étranger dans un pays d'accueil ne dépend pas uniquement de l'élément fiscal mais surtout du contexte économique favorable dans ce pays. Ce contexte est influencé par le régime fiscal dans son ensemble mais aussi par le climat social et politique. La politique fiscale égyptienne doit établir un équilibre entre l'objectif de profit du capital privé et l'objectif de développement de l'Égypte. Pour les pays en développement, en plus de l'apport financier, l'IDE trouve son importance dans le transfert de technologie et la création d'emplois, qui permettent d'améliorer le contexte économique et d'attirer davantage l'IDE. Un PED doit planifier sa politique envers les IDE en fixant les objectifs stratégiques qui correspondent aux facteurs d'amélioration du contexte économique. Cette amélioration crée un cercle vertueux en augmentant l'attractivité du pays envers l'IDE. Pour conforter ce raisonnement, le FMI a récemment effectué un revirement idéologique en émettant une réserve au sujet de sa règle fondamentale de la libre circulation des capitaux. Il a déclaré qu'un contrôle des flux de capitaux est nécessaire et que la liberté non conditionnée des flux de capitaux peut présenter des risques notamment pour les pays dont le contexte économique est déjà en difficulté. / This research focuses on the elaboration of Egyptian fiscal policy in favor of Foreign Direct Investment and adaptation of the tax system with global competitiveness. As a notion of private origin, competitiveness seems to be the short-term goal for the country to achieve the level of economic growth needed to achieve its long-term development. A country should be able to direct private capital to strategic sectors under a development plan, especially in developing countries. Due to weaknesses of the domestic resources in developing countries, foreign capital, especially that directed towards direct investment projects, is fundamental. Since 1952 and until 1970, economic policy in Egypt had a socialist Nasserite bias and taxation was not considered as an important tool for state intervention. In 1971, Egypt adopted a liberal economic ideology, thus recognizing the significance of foreign private capital and taxes in the Egyptian economic policy. Egypt hence followed the market economy, and joined a large number of international and regional agreements, which have limited the tools of state intervention without being obstacle to the free movement of capital, goods and services. Such liberal ideology allows the fiscal tools to have an important status in the state's intervention. The orientation of FDI to strategic sectors depends on the fiscal sovereignty of the state through tax laws. This research traces the development of Egyptian taxation and tax incentive policy of FDI, while explaining the benefits and limitations of using fiscal instruments. The decision to relocate foreign investors in a hosting country depends not only on the tax component but also the favorable economic environment in the country. This context is influenced by the tax system as a whole but also the social and political climate. Egyptian tax policy must strike a balance between rendering profit of private capital and the development plans. For developing countries, in addition to financial support, FDI is important in transferring technology and creating employment, which can improve the economic environment and attract more FDI. A developing country should plan its policy towards FDI by establishing strategic objectives that correspond with improving its economic environment. This is an improvement in increasing the country's attractiveness to FDI. Aforementioned position is also illustrated in IMF recent decision to alter its ideology regarding its fundamental rule of free migration of capital. Stating that control of capital flows is necessary and that unconditioned freedom of capital flows may present a risk especially for countries whose economies are already in trouble.
332

Možnosti zvyšování konkurenceschopnosti spotřebních družstev / Possibilities to increase competitiveness of consumer co-operatives

STRAKOVÁ, Martina January 2019 (has links)
This thesis deals with the increasing competitiveness of consumer cooperative stores with growing Vietnamese convenience stores. The theoretical part focuses on cooperatives, competitiveness, shopping atmosphere and consumer behavior. The practical part is based on my own observation and a questionnaire survey. For this part of the thesis, I chose four specific business units, of which two are consumer cooperative stores and two are convenience stores. One of the consumer cooperative stores and one of the convenience stores are located close to each other in České Budějovice. The second consumer cooperative store and the nearby standing second convenience store are located in Chvalšiny. In the first part I compared prices, assortment, shopping atmosphere and additional services of all four selected stores. The second part is based on a questionnaire survey. I distributed the questionnaire to 200 respondents in České Budějovice and Chvalšiny. The questionnaire concerns shopping and satisfaction with selected factors in the relevant consumer cooperative store and the competing convenience store. It also concerns the ranking of these stores based on their importance to the consumers. The aim of the thesis is to assess the potential of the increasing competitiveness of consumer cooperatives in the context of the growing number of so called "Vietnamese conveniences".
333

Estimating price and quality elasticities of international trade / Estimer le prix et la qualité de l'élasticité du commerce international

Thanagopal, Thannaletchimy 05 December 2014 (has links)
Estimer le prix et la qualité de l'élasticité du commerce international. / This thesis is a compilation of three essays that estimate the ‘true’ trade price elasticity of demand while adjusting for the effect of quality in the trade models. Quality in this thesis is introduced via our own proxy for quality known as ‘knowledge’. This proxy takes into account not only direct expenditures (and hence stocks) spent on research and development but also indirect expenditures (and stocks) through positive externalities originating from innovation efforts by other countries and other industries. In addition, the main trade database used in this thesis is the WIOD (World Input-Output Database) which provides bilateral trade flows, at the industrial level for 35 industries in manufacturing and services based on the ISIC Rev. 2 (International Standard Industry Classification Revision 2) over a period of 17 years (from 1995 to 2011). The first essay, “Analyzing BRIC Competitiveness in EU-14, Japan, US and Norway” looks at the competitiveness of the emerging nations notably the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) compared to the EU-14 countries (excluding Luxembourg), Japan, the United States and Norway in 15 distinct manufacturing goods industries over a period of 16 years (1996 to 2011). We use the CMSA (Constant Market Share Analysis) econometrically to dissect the competitive effect of the BRICs in terms of price and quality effects. The CMSA is useful in explaining the gain in export market shares of a country through two terms - the structural effect and the competitive effect. However, the model fails to define the type of competitiveness - whether a country is competitive in terms of prices (price competitiveness) or in terms of non-price factors such as quality and variety (non-price competitiveness). This essay attempts to improve this analysis by estimating individual price and non-price competitive effects using an export market share equation. We find evidence of the competitive effect in BRIC exports towards major industrialized countries namely EU-14 (excluding Luxembourg), Japan, United States and Norway. We also find that the gain in BRIC export market share is largely attributed to better price competition rather than non-price competition. The industrial results, however, indicate the presence of non-price competitiveness in selected homogeneous product industries during this period, suggesting the beginning of a shift in BRIC export competitiveness. […]
334

Cultura organizacional como um diferencial competitivo para a gestão da produção: um estudo de caso / Organizational culture like differentiate to management production: one study of case

Crnkovic, Luciana Helena 28 July 2003 (has links)
O principal objetivo dessa dissertação trabalho é ressaltar a importância do estudo sobre cultura organizacional na competitividade das organizações, conhecer como a cultura organizacional se desenvolve e se estabelece, identificar os tipos de cultura e os valores de uma organização que tornam-se um diferencial competitivo na gestão da produção. Para alicerçar essa análise na primeira parte desse trabalho faz-se uma revisão bibliográfica da evolução da cultura, de suas facetas e da evolução do conceito. Na segunda parte iniciou-se um trabalho mais empírico e mensurável, relacionando os elementos da cultura à gestão da produção, à área de recursos humanos como mediador da cultura organizacional e à estratégia a ser utilizada para atingir as medidas de desempenho. Para avaliar a influência da cultura organizacional na competitividade realizou-se um estudo de caso predominantemente qualitativo, que buscou identificar e validar as dimensões da cultura, relacionando-a com o desempenho organizacional. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas diretas com os responsáveis pelas áreas de gestão da produção, recursos humanos e com alguns funcionários da linha produtiva. Observou-se a importância de estudar e aprender a reconhecer a cultura organizacional, pois a compreensão de seus elementos tornou viável o relacionamento das formas de gestão e variáveis subjetivas como: eficiência, qualidade, motivação, com variáveis objetivas e quantificáveis: como produtividade,lucro, satisfação do trabalhador. Assim, estudar a cultura organizacional demonstrou o desafio a ser considerado e uma deficiência a ser suprida na gestão da produção. Observou-se que a cultura organizacional permeava a organização como um todo; envolvia estruturas, sistemas, estratégias, habilidades, estilos administrativos e os objetivos que a guiava. / The main objective of this dissertation is to highlight the importance of the study of the organizational culture for the economical development of organizations. To know how the culture is developed, to identify the types of culture and the values of an organization are important for the creation of a competitive increment in the production administration. To give basis to this analysis in the first part of this dissertation it\'s done a bibliography revision about culture evolution, their facets and evolution about the concept. In the second part and empirical and measurement work was began to relate the culture elements with production management, with the human research like a mediator for the organizational culture and with a strategy to be use to archieve the performance measurement. To evaluate to the influence of the organizational culture for the competitiveness was realized a study predominate qualitative case, which aimed to understand how the culture is developed and to validate the culture dimensions, to relate with the performance measurement. Thus, were be realized direct interviews with the responsible for areas of production management, human research and to some production employees. It was observed the importance of studying, to learning and recognizing the organizational culture, because the understanding of their elements, made viable the relationship between the production management to the subjective variables like, efficiency, quality andmotivation, with objectives and amount variables like, productivity, profit and worker satisfaction. In this way, studying organizational culture proved the challenge will be considered and deficit to be supplied in the production management. It was observed that the organizational culture was present in the organization as a whole involved structure, systems, strategy, skills, administrative styles and objectives that guided them.
335

Competitividade e investimento tecnológico em redes interorganizacionais: metodologia de avaliação no setor citrícola / Competitiveness and technological investment in interorganizational networks: evaluation methodology in the citrus sector

Barbosa, Fabio Alves 30 October 2007 (has links)
Na literatura sobre redes empresariais é notada a importância de dois temas interligados: competitividade e gestão tecnológica. Atualmente, a competitividade interfirmas é dependente dos investimentos em tecnologias organizacionais realizados por empresas individuais que, por sua vez, estão baseados, primariamente, nos referenciais de comportamento da demanda. Em relação ao ambiente interno das empresas que compõem uma rede, os fatores de competitividade (que dependem dos referenciais de demanda) são usados como base para se determinar as \"melhores práticas\" e tecnologias organizacionais que podem otimizar o desempenho individual das empresas e, conseqüentemente, melhoram a competitividade interorganizacional. O estudo consiste na seguinte questão: em uma rede, em quais tecnologias as empresas devem investir para obterem um real aumento de competitividade sistêmica? Para isso, o presente trabalho propôs uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa para melhorar a competitividade de rede através de investimentos tecnológicos adequados. Normalmente, uma competitividade melhorada pode ser constatada através do aumento nas vendas de produtos, proporcionando, conseqüentemente, uma maior participação de mercado. Como sistemática de validação, o estudo de caso desenvolvido em uma rede interfirmas do setor citrícola serviu como laboratório da metodologia proposta, denominada de \"Metodologia de Análise Competitiva e Tecnológica\" (MACT). O principal resultado da aplicação da MACT é uma prescrição de tecnologias organizacionais para aumentar o desempenho de empresas individuais, bem como a competitividade de toda a rede. Portanto, esse trabalho contribui com a gestão de redes interfirmas através da determinação de investimentos em tecnologias que melhorem processos de negócio em uma perspectiva individual e coletiva. / In the business networks literature has been noticing the importance of two interlinked themes: competitiveness and technological management. Nowadays, the interfirm competitiveness is dependent of investments in organizational technologies accomplished by individual enterprises that, for its time, are based, primarily, in demand behavior patterns. In relation to internal ambient of companies that compose a network, the competitiveness factors (that depend of demand patterns) are used as references to determine the best practices and organizational technologies that can optimize the individual performance of enterprises and, consequently, improve the interorganizational competitiveness. The study consists of following question: in an interfirm network, in which technologies the companies should invest to obtain a real increase of systemic competitiveness? For that, the present work proposed a qualitative/quantitative methodology to improve the network competitiveness through appropriate technological investments. Usually, an improved competitiveness can be verified through the increase in the products sales, providing, consequently, a larger market share. As validation systematic, the case study developed in a interfirm network belonging to citrus segment served as laboratory of proposed methodology, denominated of \"Methodology of Competitive and Technological Analysis\" (MCTA). The main result of MCTA application is a prescription of organizational technologies toincrease the performance of individual firms, as well the whole network competitiveness. Therefore, this work contributes with the management of interfirm networks through determination of investments in technologies that improve business processes in individual and collective perspectives.
336

Análise da participação dos autoprodutores e produtores independentes de energia no setor elétrico brasileiro. / Analysis of participation of energy self producers and independent producers in the Brazilian electric sector.

Marcondes, Mônica 21 August 2008 (has links)
Historicamente o suprimento de energia elétrica no Brasil, desempenha papel de destaque no crescimento econômico nacional, por conta da sua capacidade de agregar renda através do fomento às grandes indústrias. Sua forte associação na composição da renda nacional preocupa de maneira geral todos os envolvidos e interessados no abastecimento de energia que, na pauta dos últimos governos, discute a priorização dos investimentos para o setor. O domínio do setor por pequenos investidores consolidou-se até meados da década de 40. Após esse período houve um repasse dos ativos para o Estado que passou a desempenhar o papel de investidor na expansão da oferta. Neste contexto, a construção de grandes empreendimentos como Itaipu e Paulo Afonso foram realizados dentre outros. Com o avanço da economia, as obras existentes tornaramse insuficientes tendo em vista uma forte ascensão da demanda em todos os segmentos de consumo: industrial, comercial e residencial. A solução para este entrave foi a privatização do setor vislumbrando investimentos da iniciativa privada através de concessões dadas pelo Estado. Buscando maior dinamismo setorial, várias ações foram desencadeadas para sua formatação, que separou as empresas estatais verticalizadas nos setores de geração, distribuição, transmissão e comercialização de energia. As empresas distribuidoras de energia foram pioneiras no processo de transferência de ativos, seguidas pelos setores de transmissão e geração de energia. Através da abertura proposta pelo governo a partir do PND (Plano Nacional de Desestatização), o setor elétrico brasileiro vem experimentando uma reestruturação baseada em experiências de países como Reino Unido, um dos pioneiros na criação de empresas de geração, transmissão e distribuição independentes, propiciando maior eficiência econômica ao negócio de energia, transferindo a responsabilidade de novos investimentos para os agentes privados. Um marco regulatório foi criado a fim de estabelecer o papel do Governo neste processo como regulador, definindo regras que propiciem maiores investimentos para o atendimento da demanda ascendente que vem sendo verificada nos últimos anos. Com a consolidação de um ambiente competitivo, definiu-se um novo papel para as grandes indústrias do país, o autoprodutor e o produtor independente de energia elétrica, tratado neste trabalho como investidores em energia para autoconsumo, independente da formação jurídica usada para criação da sociedade/consórcio que, a partir deste marco, alterou o comportamento para a aquisição de energia necessária para seu processo de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução recente e as perspectivas dos investimentos em infra-estrutura no Brasil com a participação dos autoprodutores e produtores independentes de energia elétrica na matriz energética nacional, tendo em vista os reais custos de energia após a privatização das empresas de distribuição. Os altos custos de aquisição de energia, de uma maneira geral diminuíram a competitividade das empresas acostumadas a menores gastos neste setor, criando a figura potencial de um investidor em geração de energia para consumo próprio como forma de assegurar custos gerenciáveis durante o período de sua concessão. Para isso, procura-se desenvolver uma análise dos dados consolidados do setor, e, o desdobramento dos fatos observados após sua privatização, traçando um paralelo com a energia adquirida pela indústria para o auto-consumo, associada com a política regulatória institucional e o planejamento da oferta de novos projetos de usinas hidrelétricas. A conclusão do trabalho aponta para a comparação entre as formas de aquisição de energia versus a autoprodução/produção independente que no longo prazo merece destaque na economia e garantia de suprimento para produção industrial. / Historically, the electric power supply in Brazil has a role that stands out in the domestic economic growth, due to its capacity to add revenue through the promotion to large-sized industries. Its strong association in the composition of the domestic revenue is of general concern of all individuals involved and interested in the power supply in Brazil, which, in the norms of recent governances, discuss the priority of the investments for the sector. The nationalization of the sector, formerly controlled by small-sized private investors, delegated the State the assignment of promoting its development, providing an energy offer that could accompany the demand increases observed in Brazil. On the other hand, the Government invested and assumed the expansion of the generator park in Brazil, with the construction of some significant work, such as Itaipu and Paulo Afonso, among others. With the development of the economy, the existing work became insufficient, taking into account a strong increase of the demand in all levels of consumption: industrial, commercial and residential. The solution for this obstacle was the privatization of the sector, aiming at investments of the private enterprise, through concessions granted by the State Government. With the proposal of stimulating the sector, various actions were taken to format the sector, which separated the verticalized state companies in the power generation, distribution, transmission and commercialization sectors. The companies that distribute power were the pioneers in the process for assets transfer, followed by the power generation and transmission sectors. Through the opening provided by the Government as from the PND (National Plan for Privatization), the Brazilian electric sector has been experiencing a restructuring, based on experiences of countries such as the United Kingdom, which is a pioneer in the creation of independent distribution, transmission and generation companies, enabling a major efficiency for the power business, and, at the same time, transferring the responsibility of new investments to private agents. A regulatory limit was created in order to establish the Government role in this process as a regulator, defining rules, providing investments in the sector for compliance with the increasing demand, which was noted in recent years. With the consolidation of a highly competitive environment, a new role was defined for large-sized industries in Brazil, the self-producer of electric power, which, as from the new regulatory limit, changed substantially its behavior regarding the acquisition of power, necessary for its production process. The objective of this paper is to analyze the recent development and the investment perspectives in infrastructure in Brazil, with the participation of the selfproducers of electric power at the domestic energetic headquarters, which mainly reemerged after the privatization of the distribution companies that, as from their new management, and aiming at the profit of the company, started to collect from the industrial class electric power rates with no subsidies. High power acquisition costs, generally speaking, reduced the competitiveness of the companies used to little expenses in this sector, thus creating the image of an investor in power generation for his own consumption, as a way to assure manageable costs during the period of its concession. Therefore, there is a search for the development of an analysis of the consolidated data of the sector, and the attainment of the observed post privatization events of the sector, with a comparison with the power acquired by the industry for the self-consumption, associated with the institutional regulatory policy and the indicative planning of the offer of new projects of hydroelectric power plants indicated by the Government. The conclusion of this paper is focused on the comparison between the various types of conventional power acquisition, involving the purchase of input, with the self-production that, on a long-term basis, should be highlighted in terms of economy and guarantee of supply for the industrial production.
337

Proposição de um método de planejamento e gestão estratégica de clusters / Proposition of a Method of Strategic Planning and Management of Cluster

Afonso, Rodrigo Alvim 05 October 2012 (has links)
Com acentuação dos efeitos da globalização e, por consequência, aumento da concorrência, em vários ramos da atividade, a aglomeração de empresas e a formação dos clusters têm se tornado um tema bastante estudado dentro do campo de estratégia e competitividade. Tanto é verdade, que durante os anos 1990, nos Estados Unidos, a formação de clusters para melhorar a competitividade das micro e pequenas empresas tornou-se uma prática comum. Embora a formação de clusters ocorra de forma espontânea, é importante que exista um direcionador para o desenvolvimento das empresas dele participantes e consequentemente da região em que ele está inserido, já que alguns autores consideram que o cluster deve ser um catalisador dos investimentos públicos para o desenvolvimento regional. Dentro desse contexto, esta dissertação avançou no entendimento das particularidades dos clusters que influenciam e devem ser consideradas no momento de seu planejamento e gestão estratégica, e, para atingir esse objetivo, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa e com aplicação de nove estudos de caso. Como resultado final, foi possível construir um método de planejamento e gestão estratégica para clusters, que foi avaliado por um especialista do setor e considerado aplicável à realidade deste tipo de agrupamento de empresas. / With the sharp rise of globalization and therefore increased competition in various sectors, the clustering of businesses and formation of clusters has become a well-studied topic within the field of strategy and competitiveness. During the 90s in the United States, the formation of clusters to improve the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises has become a common practice. While the formation of clusters occurs spontaneously, it is important to have a driver for the development of companies participating in the cluster, and consequently the region where they live, as some authors consider that the cluster should be a catalyst for investment government for regional development. Within this context, this study considered what are the characteristics that influence the cluster and should be considered when building the strategic planning and management of the cluster, and to achieve this goal uses a qualitative research, explanation and application of nine case studies. In the end, it was possible to design a method of strategic planning and management for clusters.
338

O alinhamento da administração estratégica com o marketing estratégico: um estudo de caso no setor de serviços / Alignment of strategic management with strategic marketing: a case study in the services sector

Crocco, Luciano 02 April 2012 (has links)
Num ambiente competitivo, no qual a maioria das empresas atua, torna-se essencial o uso de instrumentos de administração que deem suporte para que elas se mantenham competitivas. Um desses instrumentos, a administração estratégica, é cada vez mais difundido, seja nas organizações ou nas escolas de administração. O acirramento da concorrência tem levado as organizações a preocuparem-se, não somente com a estratégia corporativa, mas também com o marketing. Assim, o marketing estratégico tem se tornado cada vez mais um instrumento fundamental para a sobrevivência das empresas. Nesse contexto, esta tese teve por objetivo verificar se alinhamento entre a administração estratégica e o marketing estratégico é condição determinante para conquista de vantagem competitiva que assegure crescimento e rentabilidade. Para que o objetivo fosse alcançado foi realizada uma revisão sobre a teoria da estratégia empresarial e do marketing estratégico. Após o final da revisão da literatura foi realizado um estudo de caso na Mapfre Seguros, a maior empresa do seu setor, onde se procurou verificar a existência ou não do alinhamento pesquisado e como essa empresa utiliza esses instrumentos para obter a posição diferenciada que ela ocupa no mercado. / In a competitive environment, in which most of the companies act, turns out essential to use administration tools that support their competitiveness. One of these tools, strategic management, is increasingly used either in organizations or in the academy. Increased competition has led organizations to not only be concerned about the corporate strategy, but also about marketing. Thus, the strategic marketing has become an increasingly essential tool for the survival of businesses. In this context, this thesis aimed to verify if alignment between strategic management and strategic marketing is a determining condition for achieving competitive advantage that will ensure growth and profitability. In order to accomplish that objective, it was held a review on the theory of business strategy and strategic marketing. At the end of the literature review it was conducted a case study in Mapfre Seguros, the largest company in its industry, and sought whether or not the alignment studied exists and how this company uses these instruments to position its differentiation in the market.
339

Estratégia de offshoring em subsidiárias de corporações multinacionais no Brasil / Offshoring strategy in subsidiaries of multinational corporations in Brazil

Gião, Paulo Roberto 25 April 2011 (has links)
Dentro da área de Negócios Internacionais, uma nova tendência surgiu no início da década de 2000, em complemento ao movimento de outsourcing que já se observava há décadas. Este movimento denominado offshoring passou a ocupar importante espaço na mídia e também em periódicos especializados, onde se procurou entender, caracterizar e delimitar sua abrangência, causas e conseqüências. Este trabalho procura contribuir neste tema através de um survey realizado junto a 172 subsidiárias de multinacionais instaladas no Brasil dos mais variados setores da economia. Com base nisso, quatro conjuntos de hipóteses foram elaborados para serem testados através das respostas obtidas com a aplicação de um questionário via Internet e que possibilitaram a verificação estatística para cada hipótese formulada. O primeiro conjunto foi referente aos tipos de atividades (estratégicas ou não-estratégicas) que a subsidiária desenvolve no país. O segundo conjunto está relacionado à terceirização de atividades. Se a terceirização faz parte do modelo de negócios adotado e que tipo de serviços contrata junto a terceiros. O terceiro conjunto questiona a percepção com relação à competitividade obtida pela subsidiária segundo os drivers encontrados, as ferramentas para decisão disponíveis e eventuais parcerias realizadas. Finalmente o quarto conjunto avalia a percepção dos respondentes com relação ao risco de perda ou inibição interna de competências. De forma geral, os testes realizados mostraram que as empresas pesquisadas realizam grande quantidade de atividades estratégicas, mas que também terceirizam serviços estratégicos em complemento às suas operações e modelos de negócios. Também foi observado que a competitividade é melhorada através do outsourcing de serviços, mas que também existe o receio de risco de perda ou inibição de competências, apesar de utilizarem ferramentas ou conceitos conhecidos como cadeia de valor, custo de transação, visão baseada em recursos e competências essenciais. / Within the area of international business, a new trend emerged in the early 2000s, in addition to the movement of outsourcing that has already been watched for decades. This movement called offshoring went on to occupy important space in the media and also in specialist periodicals, which sought to understand, characterize and delimit its scope, causes and consequences. This work seeks to contribute in this theme through a survey conducted among 172 subsidiaries of multinationals in Brazil from different sectors of the economy. Basis, four sets of hypotheses to be tested were prepared through the answers obtained by applying a questionnaire via the Internet and that allowed the statistical verification for each assumption made. The first set was covering the types of activities (strategic or non-strategic) that the subsidiary develops in the country. The second set is related to the outsourcing of activities. If outsourcing is part of the business model adopted and what kind of services hires along to third parties. The third set questions the perception with respect to competitiveness obtained by subsidiary second drivers found, available tools for decision and possible partnerships undertaken. Finally the fourth set assesses the perception of the respondents with respect to the risk of loss or inhibition of internal competence. Generally, the tests showed that the companies surveyed develop large amount of strategic activities internally, but that also outsource strategic services in addition to its operations and business model. It was also noted that competitiveness is improved through outsourcing services, but also there is the fear of risk of loss or inhibition of skills, although using tools or concepts known as value chain, transaction cost economics, resource-based view and core competences.
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A gestão de energia elétrica na indústria - seu suprimento e uso eficiente. / The electrical energy management in the industry - its supply and effective utilization.

Tonim, Gilberto 18 September 2009 (has links)
O crescente valor pago pela fatura de energia elétrica sucedendo um período de indisponibilidade quando do racionamento em 2001, concomitantemente com as novas regulamentações do setor elétrico, fizeram com que algumas indústrias buscassem melhor entender o negócio energia elétrica de forma a se precaver de um possível novo racionamento. As indústrias foram em busca de preços mais atrativos, objetivando garantir seu processo produtivo com competitividade. O setor elétrico buscou estimular o investimento privado e o crescimento sustentável do mercado de energia elétrica no Brasil, e também incentivar o usuário final a melhor fazer a gestão dos gastos e consumos de energia elétrica através de novas regulamentações, incentivos à eficiência energética, acelerando a competitividade nos preços de energia elétrica, entre outras ações. Este trabalho apresenta um resumo dos fatos relevantes que ocorreram no setor elétrico brasileiro e cita os principais impactos ocorridos na indústria, a transformação do consumidor em cliente, ou seja, de mero pagador de fatura ao responsável pela escolha do fornecedor e o atual gestor do gasto e do consumo de energia em sua indústria. Esta dissertação propõe um modelo de gestão de energia elétrica baseado em um caso de sucesso ocorrido numa grande indústria de alimentos do Brasil, apresentando os resultados obtidos. / The increasing amount paid for the electricity energy invoice after the period of unavailability on the occasion of the energy rationing in 2001, concurrently with the new regulations of the energy sector, have made some industries pursue a better understanding of the energy business in order to avoid a possible new energy rationing. The companies have also been searching for more attractive prices, aiming at ensuring competitiveness in their production process. The electrical energy sector has sought to stimulate private investment and sustainable growth of the energy market in Brazil, apart from providing incentive for the end user in terms of improving their expenditures and energy consumption management through new regulations and incentives for energy efficiency, accelerating the competitiveness of energy price, among other actions. The contents of this dissertation present a summary of relevant facts that occurred in the Brazilian electricity sector. Moreover, they cite the major impacts on the industry, the transformation of consumers into customers, i.e. from a mere bill payer to a customer who is responsible for choosing the energy provider, also becoming the current expenditure and energy consumption manager of their own company. This dissertation proposes a model of energy management based on a successful case occurred in a major food processing industry in Brazil, presenting the results.

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