Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de desenvolvimento de componentes de software orientados a serviço para prover informações financeiras e fitossanitárias, aplicadas ao mercado brasileiro de laranjas. O setor citrícola brasileiro produz metade do suco de laranja no mundo e é o responsável por 80% da comercialização internacional, gerando 420 mil empregos diretos e movimentando anualmente US$ 5,0 bilhões em negócios. A cada ano a produção de laranja aumenta, fazendo com que os produtores rurais necessitem de informações confiáveis para o apoio à decisão. O desenvolvimento dos componentes foi elaborado através de uma arquitetura de referência para sistemas de informação orientados a serviço. Esta arquitetura está dividida em camadas lógicas que definem a apresentação, integração, troca de informações e serviços de software. Os componentes desenvolvidos integram a camada de serviço fornecendo os custos operacionais, a previsão de ocupação de mão de obra, a série mensal de preços e o calendário fitossanitário. Como prova de conceito foi desenvolvido um software para apoio à decisão que utiliza os componentes financeiro e fitossanitário desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste software é apoiar o produtor a obter uma melhor utilização de seus recursos, e com isso aumentar a produtividade. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é disseminar a arquitetura de componentes abertos para a agricultura, a proposição e elaboração de dois novos componentes financeiro e fitossanitário e a implementação de uma ferramenta de auxílio à tomada de decisão no processo de produção de laranjas. / This work presents a service-oriented software component development proposal to provide financial and phytosanitary information applied to the Brazilian orange market. The Brazilian citric sector produces half of the world\'s orange juice and is responsible for 80% of the international commercialization, creating 420 thousand direct jobs and moving annually US$ 5,0 billion in business. Each year the orange production increases, making the rural producers need reliable information for decision support. The development of the components was elaborated on a reference architecture for service-oriented information systems. This architecture is divided in logical layers that define the presentation, integration, information exchange and software services. The components developed integrate the service layer, providing the operational costs, the occupation forecast, the monthly price series and the phytosanitary plant timetable. As proof of concept, a software was developed for decision support that uses the financial and phytosanitary components that were developed. The objective of this software is support the producer to obtain a better use of his resources and as a result increase his productivity. The main contribution of this work is disseminating the architecture of open components for agriculture, the proposition and elaboration of two new components for the architecture and the implementation of a tool to aid in decision-making in the process of orange production.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luiz Marchi.pdf: 7672567 bytes, checksum: fdf541fa4a63c5627694d9c2bbd207f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The corn (Zea mays L.) is considered one of the main species used in the world, once that around 150.4 millions of hectares are cultivated per year, which contribute to the production of roughly 812.2 millions tons of grains. The reduction of the photosynthetic rate after the flowering can occur due to several factors as water stress, long foggy, destruction of the leaf area (plague and illnesses) and a high population of plants. This situation needs the usage of a store, mainly from the stem to filling the grains. In this context, the current work intended to evaluate the effect of the plants population, the levels of defoliation in agronomic aspects and the yield of the hybrid corn Pioneer 30F35. An experiment was conducted on a field of Palotina PR C.Vale Experimental Field in the agricultural year of 2006/2007. It was used the delineation in blocks, at random, using a factor scheme (4 x 5), with four replications. The factors evaluated were four plants population (45.000, 55.000, 65.000 and 75.000 plants ha-1) and five levels of defoliation (without defoliation 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% of defoliation) in full female flowering (notorious stigma-style). It was found to succeed that an interaction between the plants population and the rate of defoliation to the hybrid corn studied, to the biometric variables and the productive aspects studied happened. The rate of plants remobilization was not affected by the plants population change, although, the defoliation above 25% has negatively affected this variable. The rise of the plants population resulted in plants with less diameter of stem and a rise percentage of broken plants. This enlargement of the plants population and the level of defoliation resulted in a fall of the greater part of the production components and yield of the hybrid corn Pioneer 30F35 / O milho (Zea mays L.) é considerado uma das principais culturas utilizadas no mundo, visto que anualmente são cultivados cerca de 150,4 milhões de hectares, os quais contribuem para a produção de aproximadamente 812,2 milhões de toneladas de grãos. A redução da taxa fotossintética após o florescimento pode ser ocasionada por vários fatores como estresse hídrico, nebulosidade prolongada, destruição de área foliar (pragas e doenças) e alta população de plantas. Essa situação implica na necessidade de utilização das reservas da planta, principalmente do colmo para o enchimento de grãos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da população de plantas e níveis de desfolha em características agronômicas e produtividade do híbrido de milho Pioneer 30F35. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental da C.Vale em Palotina - PR no ano agrícola 2006/2007. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (4x5), com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram quatro populações de plantas (45.000, 55.000, 65.000 e 75.000 plantas ha-1) e cinco níveis de desfolha (sem desfolha 0%, 12,5%, 25%, 37,5% e 50% de desfolha) no pleno florescimento feminino (estiloestigma visível). Verificou-se que não houve interação entre população de plantas e índice de desfolha, para o híbrido de milho estudado, para as variáveis biométricas e características produtivas estudadas. O índice de remobilização das plantas de milho não foi afetado pela variação da população de plantas, porém, a desfolha acima de 25% afetou negativamente esta variável. O aumento da população de plantas resultou em plantas com menor diâmetro de colmo e elevação na percentagem de plantas quebradas. O aumento da população plantas e do nível de desfolha resultou em queda na maioria dos componentes da produção e produtividade do híbrido de milho Pioneer 30F35

Várias ferramentas de desenvolvimento utilizam mecanismos para centralizar/gerenciar código compartilhado entre diferentes desenvolvedores ou equipes de desenvolvimento. Estes repositórios geralmente deixam muito a desejar em relação aos serviços que oferecem, não só aos desenvolvedores, mas também aos usuários de sistemas já desenvolvidos, que desejam ter atualizações e correções constantes em seus aplicativos. Surge então a necessidade de disponibilizar esses recursos em um ambiente de trabalho realmente cooperado. Este trabalho propõe a modelagem de um repositório de componentes de software, formado por uma área de armazenamento centralizada comum aos desenvolvedores, e com capacidade de gerenciar componentes e agregar serviços extras, administrando seu ciclo de vida de modo integrado. Para tal, várias tecnologias baseadas em Java foram integradas, tais como as seguintes API's: Enterprise Java Beans (EJB), Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI), Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Messaging Service (JMS), Java Transaction (JTA), Java Transaction Service (JTS) e Java Database Connection (JDBC).Para que o modelo aqui proposto possua um nível de funcionalidade adequado, são fornecidos vários serviços pelo repositório, atendendo assim às expectativas tanto de desenvolvedores, como dos usuários finais. Dentre outros, são providos os seguintes serviços: Serviço de Descrição, Serviço de Histórico, Serviço de Controle de Versões, Serviço de Teste OO, Serviço de Padrões de Projeto e Serviço de Invalidação de Componentes. / Software development tools commonly use mechanisms for storing/managing code shared among different developers or development teams. These repositories generally are very poor in relation to the services they provide to developers and also to the users of already developed systems which need to make constant updates and corrections on their applications. There is a need to supply supporting services to software integration through a really cooperated development environment. This work considers the modeling of a software component repository comprising a common storage area to be accessed by developers, possessing capacity to manage components and to add extra services, and managing the development life cycle in an integrated mode. To accomplish this model, some technologies based on Java have been integrated, namely: Enterprise Java Beans (EJB), Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI), Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Messaging Service (JMS), Java Transaction (JTA), Java Transaction Service (JTS) and Java Database Connection (JDBC). For the model considered here to have an adjusted level of functionality, some repository services are supplied so assuring the expectations of developers and final users. Among the services provided, the following must be mentioned: Description Service, History Service, Version Control Service, OO Test Service, Design Patterns Service and Components Invalidation Service.

Este trabalho consiste em apresentar um método alternativo para a identificação de fontes de correntes harmônicas comumente encontradas em sistemas elétricos residenciais. Desta identificação, soluções viáveis poderão ser aplicadas com o intuito de mitigar os níveis de emissão das correntes harmônicas geradas, principalmente, por cargas com características não lineares. Para a identificação empregou-se redes neurais artificiais (RNAs), sendo esta técnica inteligente, apresentada como uma alternativa aos métodos convencionais. Os resultados reportados neste contexto procuram validar a proposta apresentada com dados experimentais obtidos em ensaios laboratoriais. / This work presents an alternative method for the identification of current harmonic sources commonly encountered in residential electrical systems. For this purpose, feasible solutions can be applied to minimize the levels of harmonic currents emission caused by nonlinear loads. Artificial neural networks are employed as alternative to conventional methods. The experimental results will be reported in order to validate the proposal presented with the experimental data obtained in laboratory.

A manufatura de produtos customizados resulta em variedade de modelos, redução no tamanho de lotes e alternância frequente de tarefas executadas por trabalhadores. Neste contexto, tarefas manuais são especialmente afetadas por conta do processo de adaptação do trabalhador a novos modelos de produtos. Este processo de aprendizado pode ocorrer de maneira distinta dentro de um grupo de trabalhadores. Assim, busca-se o agrupamento dos trabalhadores com perfis similares de aprendizado, monitorando a formação de gargalos em linhas de produção constituídas por dissimilaridades de aprendizado em processos manuais. A presente dissertação apresenta abordagens para clusterização de trabalhadores baseadas nos parâmetros oriundos da modelagem de Curvas de Aprendizado. Tais parâmetros, os quais caracterizam o processo de adaptação de trabalhadores a tarefas, são transformados através da Análise de Componentes Principais e então utilizados como variáveis de clusterização. Na sequência, testam-se outras transformações nos parâmetros utilizando funções Kernel. Os trabalhadores são clusterizados através do método K-Means e Fuzzy C-Means e a qualidade dos agrupamentos formados é medida através do Silhouette Index. Por fim, sugere-se um índice de importância de variável baseado em parâmetros obtidos na Análise Componentes Principais com o objetivo de selecionar as variáveis mais relevantes para clusterização. As abordagens propostas são aplicadas em um processo da indústria calçadista, gerando resultados satisfatórios quando comparados a clusterizações realizadas sem a transformação prévia dos dados ou sem seleção das variáveis. / Manufacturing of customized products relies on a large menu choice, reduced batch sizes and frequent alternation of tasks performed by workers. In this context, manual tasks are especially affected by workers’ adaptation to new product models. This learning process takes place in different paces within a group of workers. This thesis aims at grouping workers with similar learning process tailored to avoid bottlenecks in production lines due to learning dissimilarities among workers. For that matter, we present a method for clustering workers based on parameters derived from Learning Curve (LC) modeling. Such parameters are processed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the PCA scores are used as clustering variables. Next, Kernel transformations are also used to improve clustering quality. The data is clustered using K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means techniques, and the quality of resulting clusters is measured by the Silhouette Index. Finally, we suggest a variable importance index based on parameters derived from PCA to select the most relevant variables for clustering. The proposed approaches are applied in a footwear process, yielding satisfactory results when compared to clustering on original data or without variable selection.

Due to high demand for planar structures with low loss, a considerable amount of research has been done to the design of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) components in the mm-wave and microwave range. SIW has many advantages in comparison to conventional waveguides and microstrip lines, such as compact and planar structure, ease of fabrication, low radiation loss, high power handling ability and low cost which makes it a very promising technology for current and future systems operating in K-band and above. Therefore, all the work presented in this dissertation focuses on SIW technology. Five di erent antenna systems are proposed to verify the advantages of using SIW technology. First, a novel K-band end- re SIW circularly polarized (CP) antenna system on a single layer printed-circuit board is proposed. A high gain SIW H-plane horn and a Vivaldi antenna are developed to produce two orthogonal polarizations in the plane of the substrate. CP antennas have become very popular because of their unique characteristics and their applications in satellites, radars and wireless communications. Second, a K-band front-end system for tracking applications is presented. The circuit comprises an antenna array of two Vivaldi antennas, a frequency-selective power combiner, and two frequency-selective SIW crossovers, which eliminate the need for subsequent ltering. The integration of monopulse systems in planar, printed circuit SIW technology combined with the added bene ts of ltering functions is of great importance to the antennas and propagation community. Third, a phased array antenna system consisting of 24 radiating element is designed as feed system for reflector antennas in radio astronomy applications. A Ku-band antipodal dipole antenna with wide bandwidth, low cross-polarization and wide beamwidth is suggested as the radiating element. Forth, four di erent right-angled power dividers including in-phase and out-of-phase dividers as feed systems for antenna arrays are introduced. TE10 - to - TEq0 mode transducers are used for obtaining two, three, and four output dividers with phase control ability at K- and Ka-band. This feature is practical, for instance, when designing tracking systems since they are employed to obtain controllable phase distributions over the output ports. Fifth, a Ku-band beam steering antenna system which is applicable to use for wireless communications, radar systems, and also 5G applications is proposed. This antenna system uses variable reflection-type phase shifters which electrically steer the beam over a 50-degree scan range. Therefore, the SIW technology's reliability and also promising behavior in the microwave frequency range is proven for di erent applications. / Graduate

Apesar da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) ser um dos métodos mais importantes na análise da estrutura a termo de taxa de juros, há fortes indícios de não ser adequada para estimar fatores da curva de juros quando há presença de dependência temporal e erros de medida. Para corrigir esses problemas é indicado utilizar a matriz de covariância de longo prazo, extraindo a correta estrutura de covariância presente nestes processos. Neste trabalho, mostramos que realizar a previsão fora da amostra da curva de taxa de juros com o método de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) utilizando como base a matriz de covarância de longo prazo (LRCM) parece ser mais acurada comparada a PCA com base na matriz de covariância amostral. / Although Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most common methods to estimate the structure of interest rate volatility, there are strong indications that it is not adequate to estimate interest rate factors when there is temporal dependence and measurement errors. To correct these problems it is necessary to use the longterm covariance matrix, to extract the correct covariance structure present in these processes. In this work, we show that performing the out-of-sample forecasting of the interest rate curve with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method based on the long-term covariance matrix (LRCM) seems to be more accurate compared to PCA based on sample covariance matrix.

This paper studies the geometrically non-linear bending behavior of functionally graded beams subjected to buckling loads using the finite element method. The computational model is based on an improved first-order shear deformation theory for beams with five independent variables. The abstract finite element formulation is derived by means of the principle of virtual work. High-order nodal-spectral interpolation functions were utilized to approximate the field variables which minimizes the locking problem. The incremental/iterative solution technique of Newton's type is implemented to solve the nonlinear equations. The model is verified with benchmark problems available in the literature. The objective is to investigate the effect of volume fraction variation in the response of functionally graded beams made of ceramics and metals. As expected, the results show that transverse deflections vary significantly depending on the ceramic and metal combination. / Revisión por pares

Previously accepted and current research has been reviewed regarding the development of English proficiency for English Language Learners. The particular areas of concern deemed crucial for language development are the domains of reading, writing, listening and speaking. The critical components for effective English Language Development instruction as well as the strategies considered the most effective and efficient were also investigated. The review resulted in the creation of an English Language Development unit that includes the essential components and various strategies that are considered effective in developing English proficiency for English Language Learners.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Crop Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Organic tomatoes are increasingly popular with larger market acceptance since organic farming uses limited or no artificial chemicals. Application of organic fertilisers such as cattle manure has potential to boost organic tomato productivity particularly under low input farming systems. However, information is required on the optimum level of manure application on different tomato cultivars to help emerging tomato farmers in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the relative response of yield and yield components among selected determinate and indeterminate tomato cultivars using different levels of cattle manure. Two separate field experiments were conducted at the University of Limpopo during 2007 and 2008 using a split plot design with three replications. Two sets of tomato cultivars were included in which one set consisted indeterminate types (Money Maker, Ox Heart and Sweetie) and the other determinates (Roma and Floradade). Cultivars were assigned as the main plot treatments with six rates of manure (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 in gram per plant) applied as the subplot treatments to each set. Results indicated significant interactions (P ≤ 0.01) between indeterminate tomato cultivars and levels of manure applied for fruit yield and fruit size in both experiments. Plant height showed variation from 78 to168 cm in Experiment I and 87 to 176 cm in Experiment II. During Experiment I fruit number varied from 23 to 91 per plant and 23 to 97 in Experiment II. Significant differences were detected among determinate cultivars on fruit yield varying from 7928 to 3 4705 kg per hectare during Experiment I and 3 169 to 2 9840 kg per hectare during Experiment II. Overall, the best level of manure for maximum fruit yield and greater fruit size was achieved at 40 g per plant in the indeterminate cultivar Sweetie. Conversely, the best level of manure for maximum fruit yield was achieved at 30 g per plant in determinate cultivar Roma. Thus, to achieve maximum yield, tomato growers could apply 600 and 800 kg per hectare manure on the determinate and indeterminate tomato cultivars, respectively. / the National Research Foundation (NRF)