In the late-1960s, a handful of young, countercultural Americans, inspired by E. F. Schumacher’s concept of “intermediate technology,” founded the Appropriate Technology, or AT, movement in the United States. Although Schumacher’s project focused upon the ways in which technologically sustainable methods could gently and prudently support the modernization of underdeveloped nations, American proponents of AT recognized, in this approach, an opportunity to mitigate the overdevelopment of the Western world. By advocating, promoting, and effecting sustainable techniques from a grassroots to governmental level, practitioners of appropriate technology sought to prevent the further environmental, economic, and social degradation of American communities. The mission of AT was synergistic: by implementing “appropriate” methods of energy production, building design, transportation, education, health care, and communications, appropriate technologists attempted to create comprehensive change. This disciplinary and conceptual inclusivity encouraged the organization of a diversity of AT proponents into cooperative, multifunctional groups, which acted both from within governmental bureaucracy, in the case of California’s Office of Appropriate Technology and the National Center for Appropriate Technology, and outside the Establishment, in the case of the New Alchemy Institute and RAIN collective. My dissertation centers upon these four groups – in particular, their realized projects, community outreach programs, and numerous publications – emphasizing the ways in which the initial philosophy, politics, and focus of AT evolved as the movement transitioned from a countercultural pipe dream to a widely supported solution for America’s energy problems in the wake of the 1973 Oil Crisis.

The development of the specialty coffee industry in the United States occurred in the latter half of the twentieth century not as an independent phenomenon but rather as a result of a series of interrelated movements that began to coalesce in the late 1960s. Direct Trade, the latest development in gourmet coffee sourcing and marketing, is an amalgam of elements of an American food revolution that gained national prominence in the 1970s, the environmental movement, and movements for social justice through conscious consumption. Direct Trade coffee is differentiated in particular by roasters' rejection of the notion of coffee as a commodity in favor of recognition that coffee is a seasonal fresh produce subject to discernible differences in quality. This thesis examines Direct Trade’s popularity in Olympia, Washington, a suburban cultural center located midway between Seattle and Portland along the I-5 corridor. It seeks to explain why and how residents of the Pacific Northwest, long distinguished for their pioneering spirit, adopted Direct Trade coffee from an early stage.

<p>This dissertation traces the range of popular forms and practices associated with the harpsichord in the twentieth century in the United States, focusing on the 1950s, 60s and 70s. It draws on archives of period correspondence, sound recordings, and news clippings, as well as on my interviews with harpsichord builders and performers and on fieldwork I conducted at a prominent American harpsichord company during 2008. I argue that the harpsichord enabled practices and discourses through which the white middle class could critique the post-World War II United States, and that the material aspects of the harpsichord--its sound, its wooden materials and its construction methods--provided a gauge by which to measure how far the postwar everyday had veered from what was imagined to be an "authentic" human existence.</p> <p>I focus the dissertation around the influence of a particular narrative associated with the harpsichord: that of the aristocratic, delicate instrument decimated by the Industrial Revolution. I first chart the ways that this narrative circulated in academic histories and popular media during the twentieth century, and how it was linked to perceptions of the harpsichord's physical "shortcomings." Focusing on its career in 1940s-60s popular music recordings, I then show how the stereotype of its "tragically disadvantaged" sound shaped acoustic and discursive constructions of that sound. I continue by demonstrating the classed critiques surrounding the instrument's commodification as a "do-it-yourself" kit--an affordable product that seemed to contradict the instrument's history as an elite, custom-made object. Lastly, I show how the harpsichord's story articulated with the biographies and sentiments of specific people, particularly those affiliated with the shop of Massachusetts harpsichord builder Frank Hubbard in late 1960s and early 1970s. Ultimately, I argue that the Movement's ideal of "historical authenticity," along with the post-World War II mass appeal of period instruments and period performance practice, emerged out of time and place-specific meanings, and through multiple social and commodity networks.</p> / Dissertation

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6347.pdf: 11031071 bytes, checksum: 986ad3a98ab5b086bfda0f5ec6561852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / This essay is the result of the analysis of history fragments and Punk culture, as well as some artistic productions by the members of this movement, as zines and musics utilized by the Punks to defend their ideals and to establish its position before a hegemonic culture imposed on then. The productions analysed are the main sources of data for the fulfillment of this research, because the sources selected allow for an analysis considering the proximity between the Punk culture and the Underground scene from some similarities found during the research, as the influence of the Counterculture and the fight before the imposed standards. With the intention to elaborate a bibliographic review, considering the possible relations between the Punk movement and the Underground, being these elements present in most urban centers, this research is directed to two cities from São Paulo inland, Atibaia and Bragança Paulista, each one with its own culture and behavior. In this essay other movements besides the Punk are cited merely as comparative elements, because the Punk movement, its Underground component allies and all it's set of practices and actions, provide the minimally necessary data for the analysis of the proximity between the Punk culture and the Underground. / Esta dissertação é o resultado da análise de fragmentos da história e da cultura Punk, assim como algumas produções artísticas dos membros desse movimento, como zines e músicas utilizados pelos punks para defender seus ideais e marcar sua posição perante uma cultura hegemônica imposta sobre eles. As produções analisadas constituem as principais fontes de dados para a realização desta pesquisa, pois as fontes selecionadas permitiram realizar uma análise considerando as proximidades entre a cultura Punk e o meio Underground a partir de algumas similaridades encontradas durante a pesquisa, como a influência da Contracultura e do enfrentamento perante determinados padrões impostos. Com o intuito de elaborar uma revisão bibliográfica, considerando as possíveis relações entre o movimento Punk e o Underground, sendo esses elementos presentes em boa parte dos centros urbanos, direcionamos a pesquisa para duas cidades do interior de São Paulo, Atibaia e Bragança Paulista, cada uma com sua cultura e costumes. Nesta dissertação outros movimentos além do Punk, são utilizados meramente como elementos comparativos, pois o movimento Punk, aliado dos componentes do Underground, e todo seu conjunto de práticas e ações, fornecem os dados minimamente necessários para a análise da aproximação entre a cultura Punk e o Underground.

Tomando en cuenta la naturaleza pluricultural y pluriétnica de la México, la presente tesis doctoral comienza por observar y analizar las maneras en que los medios de comunicación masiva tradicionalmente han contribuido a la distorsión y devaluación de las identidades de los indígenas mexicanos, así como a la fabricación de sus representaciones más caricaturescas en el México moderno. Arguyo que los medios de comunicación masiva han coadyuvado en la formación de tres construcciones socioculturales falsamente enraizadas en los pueblos indígenas de México. Ellos son el indio, el indio-campesino y el naco. Particularmente la cinematografía y la literatura han tenido un rol crítico en la tarea de insertar tales identidades artificiosas, genéricas e indiferenciadas en la cultura dominante mestiza mexicana, para ser absorbidas y reproducidas como constructos de identidad históricos profundamente asentados en el imaginario sociocultural colectivo de sus ciudadanos. Además de formas masivas más tradicionales como la cinematografía y la literatura, esta tesis doctoral examina la cultura popular y urbana, la música de rock en español, bogas y estilos de arrabal, dialectos urbanos y rurales y otros textos culturales como videos musicales, comics y sketches de comedia. Lo anterior permite una perspectiva alterna y más completa del proceso de creación, distorsión y tergiversación de dichas identidades indígenas ficticias arraigadas en la cultura dominante. En el primer capítulo establezco las formas en que el indio reemplazó la imagen del amerindio, y eventualmente la imagen del indígena mexicano contemporáneo. El segundo capítulo se centra en la imagen del campesino, así como en sus proximidades con el indio y la confusión identitaria que deriva de ellas. El resultado de tal amalgama es la construcción sociocultural del indio-campesino. El tercer capítulo analiza el constructo identitario del naco y sus vínculos con el indio, los cuales dirigen a la creación del naco-indio. Esta tesis doctoral argumenta que, debido a sus múltiples asociaciones con el indio, el indio-campesino ha sido incapaz de enunciar un discurso propio y de lograr autorrepresentarse. Sin embargo, el naco, a través de la música de rock en español y de los performances derivados de ella, pudo expresar su propio discurso y logró la autorrepresentación como una contracultura altamente efectiva y articulada durante las décadas de los ochenta y noventa.

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Esta tese trata da Contracultura: conjunto de movimentos de rebelião juvenil das décadas de 1960 e 1970, mas cujas raízes são anteriores, tendo como eixo temático a obra de Raul Seixas, no que se refere ao projeto de construção de uma Sociedade Alternativa. A Sociedade Alternativa é considerada por mim como o enorme leque de lutas libertárias de toda uma geração jovem que ousou discordar das \"verdades prontas e acabadas\" que nos são oferecidas pelo mundo capitalista. / This thesis deals with counterculture: the whole of movements of juvenile rebellion of the decades of 1960 and 1970, having as thematic axle the musical composition of Raul Seixas, as for the project of the construction of an Alternative Society. The Alternative Society is considered by me as the enormous fan of libertarian fights of all a young generation that dared to disagree with the \"ready and finished truths\" that in is offered by the capitalist world.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität, Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. James O'Rourke, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 62 pages. Includes bibliographical references.