The aim of this essay was to examine whether 10 Swedish newspapers editorial pages and their leader writers changed their view on Mikhail Gorbachev before, during and after the August Coup in 1991. Moreover, the aim was also to see if the editorial pages used the same sources when they wrote about Gorbachev. In this essay four main questions were asked: - How is Gorbachev described before the August Coup? - How is Gorbachev described during the August Coup? - How is Gorbachev described after the August Coup? - What sources did the editorial pages use when they wrote about Gorbachev? Ten newspapers and their editorial pages from the period of 1-31 August and 1-6 September, as well as 10-31 December 1991 and 1 January 1992 were examined. It was discovered that most of the editorial pages changed their view from being negative in August to being more positive in December. As a conclusion it can be stated that the examined editorial pages did not write much about Gorbachev in the beginning of August and if they did mention him it was in a negative tone. One of the reasons for the lack of mentioning during the August Coup could be that the leader writers were not sure whether Gorbachev would return back to power. In December the views about Gorbachev were mostly positive, which could be related to the fact that the Soviet Union was about to become dissolved. Regarding the sources some of the newspapers referred to the same sources without giving clear information about where the source came from. A majority of the editorial pages referred to the meeting between Gorbachev and George Bush, as well as to Gorbachev’s meeting with the Supreme Soviet after the August Coup.

This thesis is an historical anthropology of the role of the Methodist Church in Fiji, from the arrival of Methodist missionaries in 1830. At that time Fiji was a fragmented society. Fijians lived in villages on various islands, so there was no cohesion within the society. The insertion of Methodism into traditional Fijian society irreversibly changed the society, and this thesis traces the key changes that occurred. The rise to prominence of Chief Cakobau from Bau Island marks the beginning of unification of a fragmented Fiji. He formed the first Fijian government in 1871.The British Colonial authorities and the Methodists were also centrally involved in unification and the development of a national society as they set up structures to govern and evangelise the Fijians. However, the thesis argues that with the arrival of Indo-Fijians as indentured labourers to Fiji in 1879, the seeds of polarisation were planted and Indo-Fijians were left out of the frame of Fijian society. The thesis traces the involvement of Methodism, always in close relationship with the state in the twin processes of unification and polarisation. The coups that have changed the political landscape of Fiji served to alter the relationship between the Methodist Church and the state. A schism occurred in the Methodist Church following the 1987 coup, where violence against some ministers occurred, and the Methodist constitution was suspended. Members belonging to i taukei Methodist hierarchy who insisted on Fijian paramountcy to the exclusion of Indo-Fijians have been separated irretrievably from members of the Methodist hierarchy who believe in an inclusive society irrespective of race. Increasing diversity of socio-economic status allied with hierarchical divides and different interpretations of the Church�s mission have generated conflict in the Church and society at large. Diminution of the power of the Methodist Church in Fiji has occurred since 1987, and there are both internal and external factors at work which continue this trend. The various factors influencing the Church in the present along with its future prospects are discussed.

This thesis is an historical anthropology of the role of the Methodist Church in Fiji, from the arrival of Methodist missionaries in 1830. At that time Fiji was a fragmented society. Fijians lived in villages on various islands, so there was no cohesion within the society. The insertion of Methodism into traditional Fijian society irreversibly changed the society, and this thesis traces the key changes that occurred. The rise to prominence of Chief Cakobau from Bau Island marks the beginning of unification of a fragmented Fiji. He formed the first Fijian government in 1871.The British Colonial authorities and the Methodists were also centrally involved in unification and the development of a national society as they set up structures to govern and evangelise the Fijians. However, the thesis argues that with the arrival of Indo-Fijians as indentured labourers to Fiji in 1879, the seeds of polarisation were planted and Indo-Fijians were left out of the frame of Fijian society. The thesis traces the involvement of Methodism, always in close relationship with the state in the twin processes of unification and polarisation. The coups that have changed the political landscape of Fiji served to alter the relationship between the Methodist Church and the state. A schism occurred in the Methodist Church following the 1987 coup, where violence against some ministers occurred, and the Methodist constitution was suspended. Members belonging to i taukei Methodist hierarchy who insisted on Fijian paramountcy to the exclusion of Indo-Fijians have been separated irretrievably from members of the Methodist hierarchy who believe in an inclusive society irrespective of race. Increasing diversity of socio-economic status allied with hierarchical divides and different interpretations of the Church�s mission have generated conflict in the Church and society at large. Diminution of the power of the Methodist Church in Fiji has occurred since 1987, and there are both internal and external factors at work which continue this trend. The various factors influencing the Church in the present along with its future prospects are discussed.

Th. doct.-ing.--Toulouse, I.N.P., 1977. N°: 4.

Οι COUP-TFs είναι πυρηνικοί μεταγραφικοί παράγοντες, οι οποίοι υπάγονται στην υπεροικογένεια των πυρηνικών υποδοχέων. Τα μέλη της οικογένειας COUP-TF γενικά θεωρούνται καταστολείς της μεταγραφής και πολυάριθμοι μηχανισμοί έχουν προταθεί να υποστηρίζουν αυτή τους τη δράση. Με σκοπό να αποσαφηνιστεί ο μηχανισμός καταστολής των μελών της οικογένειας των COUP-TFs, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος yeast two-hybrid για να αναγνωριστούν πρωτεΐνες που εκφράζονται επίσης στον εγκέφαλο και ταυτόχρονα αλληλεπιδρούν άμεσα με μέλη της συγκεκριμένης οικογένειας. Η πρωτεΐνη CTIP1, ένα μέλος της καινούργιας οικογένειας των C2H2 πρωτεϊνών δακτύλου ψευδαργύρου, που απομονώθηκε σαν μία πρωτεΐνη που αλληλεπιδρά άμεσα με τον ARP1 και πιθανόν να εμπλέκεται στη μεταγραφική καταστολή που διαμεσολαβείται από τον ARP1, η οποία είναι ανεξάρτητη από την ευαίσθητη στην τριχοστατίνη Α αποακετυλίωση των ιστονών. Τόσο η CTIP1 όσο και η CTIP2 εκφράζονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό στον εγκέφαλο μια περιοχή για την οποία είναι γνωστό ότι εκφράζονται τα μέλη της οικογένειας των COUP-TFs, υπονοώντας ότι αυτή η καινούρια οικογένεια των πρωτεϊνών C2H2 δακτύλου ψευδαργύρου πιθανόν να εμπλέκεται στο σηματοδοτικό μονοπάτι των COUP-TFs. Στο πρώτο μέρος της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής, ο στόχος μας ήταν να διερευνήσουμε το πρότυπο έκφρασης της πρωτεΐνης COUP-TF Interactive Protein (CTIP) στα πρώιμα αναπτυξιακά στάδια του αχινού Paracentrotus lividus με τη μέθοδο του ανοσοφθoρισμού και να συγκρίνουμε το πρότυπο αυτό με το πρότυπο έκφρασης του COUP-TF και ταυτόχρονα να ελέγξουμε αν οι δύο αυτοί μεταγραφικοί παράγοντες αλληλεπιδρούν μέσω πειραμάτων ανοσοκατακρήμνισης. Ταυτόχρονα σημαντική ήταν και η προσπάθεια να μελετηθεί και η κατανομή των δύο ισομορφών του COUP-TF στα Μετάζωα. Το γονίδιο του COUP-TF αποτελείται, σε όλους τους μέχρι σήμερα μελετημένους οργανισμούς, από τρία εξώνια και δύο εσώνια που διακόπτουν την κωδική περιοχή του γονιδίου σε συντηρημένες θέσεις. Ωστόσο, έχει βρεθεί ότι ο αχινός Paracentrotus lividus διαφοροποιείται από αυτό το μοντέλο καθώς το γονίδιο αποτελείται από τέσσερα εξώνια (αδημοσίευτα αποτελέσματα του εργαστηρίου μας). Συγκεκριμένα, έχει βρεθεί ότι το επιπλέον εξώνιο βρίσκεται μεταξύ του πρώτου και του δεύτερου εξωνίου και έχει μέγεθος 63nt. Στο πρωτογενές μετάγραφο του COUP-TF συμβαίνει εναλλακτικό μάτισμα που έχει ως αποτέλεσμα την παραγωγή δύο m RNAs που κωδικοποιούν δύο πρωτεΐνες, οι οποίες διαφέρουν ως προς το μέγεθος λόγω της εισαγωγής 21 επιπρόσθετων αμινοξέων στην καρβόξυτελική περιοχή (CTE) της περιοχής πρόσδεσης στο DNA (DBD). Αν και πολλά δεν είναι γνωστά σχετικά με την ενδοκυτταρική τοποθέτηση κυρίως της μεγάλης ισομορφής, πειράματα EMSA ωστόσο εδειξαν οι δύο αυτές πρωτεΐνες διαφέρουν ως προς την ικανότητα πρόσδεσής τους στο DNA, με τη μεγάλη υπομονάδα του COUP να στερείται της ικανότητας να προσδένεται σε COUP στοιχείο απόκρισης. Σε μια προσπάθεια να μελετηθεί διεξοδικότερα το φαινόμενο του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος και συγκεκριμένα να διαπιστωθεί αν πρόκειται για ένα φαινόμενο συντηρημένο στα εχινοειδή, αποκλειστικό ή όχι αυτών, το συμπέρασμα που προέκυψε είναι ότι το εναλλακτικό μάτισμα είναι συντηρημένο και εμφανίζεται σταθερά στα είδη των αχινών που μελετήθηκαν (Paracentrotus lividus, Spaerechinus granularis, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). Το εναλλακτικό μάτισμα λαμβάνει χώρα σε όλα τα στάδια από τα αγονιμοποίητα ωάρια εως τον πλουτέα και σε όλους τους ιστούς που o COUP-TF εκφράζεται (κοιλωματικά κύτταρα, μύες, έντερο). Για να μελετήσουμε την εξάπλωση του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος στα Μετάζωα, επιλέχθηκαν αντιπρόσωποι απ΄ όλες τις ομοταξίες του φύλου των Εχινόδερμων (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Amphiura filiformis, Patiria miniata, Marthasteria glacialis, Holothuria polii, Oxycomanthus japonicas), του φύλου των Ημιχορδωτών (Sakoglossus kowalevski), του φύλου των Χαιτόγναθων (Sagita minima), του υπόφυλου των Ουροχορδωτών (Ciona intestinalis) και του φύλου Xenoturbella (Xenoturbella bocki) για την απομόνωση ολικού RNA από καθέναν από αυτούς τους οργανισμούς. Αυτό το υλικό αποτέλεσε το υπόστρωμα για την πραγματοποίηση μιας σειράς πειραμάτων RT-PCR και Nested PCR με τη χρήση ειδικά σχεδιασμένων εκκινητών (degenerate primers). Η κλωνοποίηση των προιόντων σε κατάλληλο φορέα συνέβαλλε στην αλληλούχηση των κατάλληλων κλώνων. Παράλληλα, με το πρόγραμμα BLAST ψάξαμε για ομολογία της μικρής ισομορφής της πρωτεΐνης του COUP-TF του Paracentrotus lividus με άλλες πρωτεΐνες άλλων οργανισμών. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν τόσο μέσα από τη νουκλεοτιδική αλληλούχηση όσο και μέσω της ηλεκτρονικής διερεύνησης συνηγορούσαν υπέρ της παρουσίας του εναλλακτικού ματίσματος ως ενός φαινομένου καθολικού που αφορά ευρύτερες (αν όχι όλες) ομάδες των Μεταζώων. / --

Swan is a multimedia work for conducted ensemble with amplified instruments, electronics and video projections. Swan is about going out: going out to the street, to the club, to a ritual, to a party or a funeral. It’s about real places with real people, but less about the realities of these places and more about their vibe. It’s about getting out of home, the studio, the institution, going to places where people connect and do things, sing, dance, laugh, cry, perform or celebrate. The music of Swan come from ‘outside.’ Swan’s aesthetic is a blend of Turkish/Islamic and pop-cultural elements. The opening section, Korridor, is a drone/ambient movement with a big trance synth part. It is ritual music. It is big, dense, heavy, and it moves slowly, like lava. Karaoke Mahshar is a Turkish Trance-Pop hybrid. It is a very melancholic, dark piece of music. The instrumental choir sing an emotional pop/“fantasy music” (a Turkish genre) melody in unison over a flamboyant electronic track. It’s the soundtrack to a club for the wasted, for emotional after-hours karaoke. The final section, Rod Modell, is a dub-techno influenced ambient movement. It is the sound of a giant, post-apocalyptic mosque - a mosque sunken in chalky waters. This section evolves to a big, stretched monophonic melody, a song from the old times, which finally cadences to an electronically processed “tilâvet”. I started composing Swan in July 2016 in Turkey, before the military coup attempt took place. The work is not programmatic, however, the sound materials I worked with, the musical references and the sonic and visual iconography it incorporates are rather influenced by and derive from the sounds, sights and emotions I experienced during my stay. By the end of my visit, a person who had been very dear to my heart, Ferhunde Köke, had passed away. I recorded the sounds of her burial accompanied by a hafız’s recitation of the Surah Al-Baqarah 2:156 from the Holy Qur’an which I edited, processed and ended this work with.

Il s'agit de l'action de cueillir de Ia pluie. La pluie se présente comme matiere plastique de recherche et c'est ce qu'on exprime dans ce travail qui entrelace les Arts Visuels et l'Éducation. De maniere à que l'impression et dilution de l'eau et de supports constituent le mouvement qui montre et parcourt, dans un processus d'expérimentations qui est un apprentissage. Pour ça, cette recherche produit des photographies et s'approche des notions de Ia gravure. Elle essaie des façons de rechercher avec l'art et Ia littérature puisque ces façons ont lieu à travers Ia poétique visuelle et l'écriture. Avec Roland Barthes, elle trouve dans Ia notion de Punctum le dédencheur pour Ia production d'un texte de désir, en s'approchant de l'expression française CoupdeFoudretrouvée dans les contes de Guy de Maupassant. CoupdeFoudrea comme figure l'Amour subit et immédiatpourquelqu'unoAinsi, l'amour, Ia pluie et Ia nuit sont des éléments qui ouvrent le texte et les images produites à des hasards et à des traversements non programmés. Dans cette rencontre entre le processus plastique et l'écriture, cette recherche a, dans Ia brieveté, dans Ia possibilité d'être incitée et aussi dans les marques qui restent et qui se diluent, son apprentissage. Apprentissage sans lequel, autant pour celui qui recherche que pour celui qui lit Ia recherche, un art ne se produitpas. / Trata da ação de colher chuva. A chuva apresenta-se como matéria plástica de pesquisa e é o que se expressa neste trabalho que entrelaça Artes Visuais e Educação. De modo que a impressão e diluição da água e de suportes constituem o movimento que mostra e percorre, num processo de experimentações que é um aprendizado. Para isso, esta pesquisa produz fotografias e se aproxima das noções da gravura. Experimenta maneiras de pesquisar, com a arte e a literatura, sendo que tais maneiras acontecem através da escrita e da poética visual. Com Roland Barthes, encontra na noção de Punctum o disparador para a produção de um texto de desejo. Junto a esta noção, o trabalho aproxima a expressão francesa Coupde Foudreencontrada em contos de Guy de Maupassant. CoupdeFoudretraduz-se literalmente por golpede relâmpagoe tem como figura o Amor àprimeiravista. Assim, o amor, a chuva e a noite são elementos que abrem o texto e as imagens produzidas para acasos e atravessamentos não programados. Neste encontro entre o processo plástico e a escrita, tal pesquisa tem na brevidade, na possibilidade de ser pungido e também nas marcas que permanecem e que se diluem, seu aprendizado. Aprendizado sem o qual, tanto para quem pesquisa ecomo também para quem lê a pesquisa, uma arte não acontece.

No início da década de 1960, um dos mais emblemáticos políticos do cenário brasileiro mudava seu local de atuação: Leonel de Moura Brizola partia do seu estado natal, o Rio Grande do Sul, rumo à Guanabara para disputar o cargo de deputado federal pelo novo estado. Embora Brizola tenha obtido a maior votação da época, este período ainda é pouco estudado. Assim, esta pesquisa pretende analisar o papel político de Leonel Brizola nesta fase em que exerceu o cargo de deputado federal pela Guanabara. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa recairá sobre sua campanha eleitoral (1962) e sua atuação enquanto membro do parlamento (1963 até abril de 1964). Os anos 1960 foram marcantes para a história brasileira, porque foi deflagrado o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Brizola tinha uma atuação importante no cenário político nacional deste período, pois, embora fosse deputado federal, gozava de um prestígio nacional conquistado a partir da Campanha da Legalidade, em 1961, e da sua atuação frente ao governo do Rio Grande do Sul (1959-1963). O deputado era visto pelas forças golpistas como uma ameaça. A história do golpe e a história de Leonel Brizola dentro desse contexto se interligam; portanto, a presente dissertação aborda a trajetória política do petebista sul-riograndense sob a perspectiva de atuação num cenário de intensa mobilização social e política interrompida pela tomada do Estado pelas forças golpistas de 1964. Buscando resolver a problemática levantada utilizamos como fontes os Diários do Congresso Nacional, bem como, jornais de circulação na Guanabara e em Porto Alegre, quais sejam: Jornal do Brasil, Correio da Manhã, Última Hora (versões do Rio de Janeiro e de Porto Alegre) e ainda o Correio do Povo. Analisou-se também o semanário Panfleto, publicação da Frente de Mobilização Popular. / In the begining of the 1960's, one of the most emblematic politicians of the brazilian scene was changing his place of action: Leonel de Moura Brizola was leaving his birth state, the Rio Grande do Sul, to the Guanabara intending dispute the cargo of congressman by the new state. Even though Brizola had obtained the largest vote at the time, this period has still just a few studies. This dissertation intends to analise the political paper of Brizola at that fase of his trajectory. In this perspective, the research will focus on his election campaing (1962) and his performance as congressman (1963 till April, 1964). The 1960's are a huge mark in the brazilian history due to the civil-military coup d'etat of 1964. Brizola had an important action in the national political scene of this period, thus, although he were a congressman, he enjoyed the nacional acknowledge of his main role in the Legality Campaing (Campanha da Legalidade) in 1961 and his actions as the governor of Rio Grande do Sul (1959-1963). The congressman was seen by the pro-coup forces as a threat. The history of the coup and the history of Leonel Brizola within this context connect one to the other, therefore, the present dissertation will explore the trajectory of this member of the Brazilian Laborite Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro - PTB) under the perspective of his performance in a scene of intense social and political mobilizations interrupted by the taken of the State by the pro-coup forces in 1964. Intending to solve the questions raised, we had used the National Congress Reports (Diários do Congresso Nacional) as well as newspapers that circulated in the Guanabara and in Porto Alegre, such as: Jornal do Brasil, Correio da Manhã, Última Hora (versions of Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre) and also Correio do Povo. We also analised the weekly Panfleto, publication of the Front of Popular Mobilization (Frente de Mobilização Popular).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / De abril de 1921 a julho de 1922, o Correio da Manhã empreendeu uma campanha cujo objetivo principal era impedir a chegada de Arthur Bernardes à presidência da República. Através da análise do discurso observamos que esta campanha obedeceu a uma estratégia e táticas bem definidas que, em linhas gerais, procuraram demonstrar que Arthur Bernardes era impopular, corrupto, e inimigo do exército, o que, segundo o jornal, justificaria a execução de um golpe militar para impedir a sua chegada ao poder e salvar o País.

Il s'agit de l'action de cueillir de Ia pluie. La pluie se présente comme matiere plastique de recherche et c'est ce qu'on exprime dans ce travail qui entrelace les Arts Visuels et l'Éducation. De maniere à que l'impression et dilution de l'eau et de supports constituent le mouvement qui montre et parcourt, dans un processus d'expérimentations qui est un apprentissage. Pour ça, cette recherche produit des photographies et s'approche des notions de Ia gravure. Elle essaie des façons de rechercher avec l'art et Ia littérature puisque ces façons ont lieu à travers Ia poétique visuelle et l'écriture. Avec Roland Barthes, elle trouve dans Ia notion de Punctum le dédencheur pour Ia production d'un texte de désir, en s'approchant de l'expression française CoupdeFoudretrouvée dans les contes de Guy de Maupassant. CoupdeFoudrea comme figure l'Amour subit et immédiatpourquelqu'unoAinsi, l'amour, Ia pluie et Ia nuit sont des éléments qui ouvrent le texte et les images produites à des hasards et à des traversements non programmés. Dans cette rencontre entre le processus plastique et l'écriture, cette recherche a, dans Ia brieveté, dans Ia possibilité d'être incitée et aussi dans les marques qui restent et qui se diluent, son apprentissage. Apprentissage sans lequel, autant pour celui qui recherche que pour celui qui lit Ia recherche, un art ne se produitpas. / Trata da ação de colher chuva. A chuva apresenta-se como matéria plástica de pesquisa e é o que se expressa neste trabalho que entrelaça Artes Visuais e Educação. De modo que a impressão e diluição da água e de suportes constituem o movimento que mostra e percorre, num processo de experimentações que é um aprendizado. Para isso, esta pesquisa produz fotografias e se aproxima das noções da gravura. Experimenta maneiras de pesquisar, com a arte e a literatura, sendo que tais maneiras acontecem através da escrita e da poética visual. Com Roland Barthes, encontra na noção de Punctum o disparador para a produção de um texto de desejo. Junto a esta noção, o trabalho aproxima a expressão francesa Coupde Foudreencontrada em contos de Guy de Maupassant. CoupdeFoudretraduz-se literalmente por golpede relâmpagoe tem como figura o Amor àprimeiravista. Assim, o amor, a chuva e a noite são elementos que abrem o texto e as imagens produzidas para acasos e atravessamentos não programados. Neste encontro entre o processo plástico e a escrita, tal pesquisa tem na brevidade, na possibilidade de ser pungido e também nas marcas que permanecem e que se diluem, seu aprendizado. Aprendizado sem o qual, tanto para quem pesquisa ecomo também para quem lê a pesquisa, uma arte não acontece.