The theme of this diploma thesis is the Criminalistic Experiment. The first chapter deals with more general issues. It states what is meant by the experiment in the normal sense and then explains the difference between experiment and the criminalistic experiment. The next chapter discusses the essence of the criminalistic experiment. The second chapter describes the legal treatment of the investigative trial, especially in Act No. 141/1961 Coll., Criminal Procedure Code. The issue of people participating in the investigative trial is also easily mentioned. The third chapter focuses on the historical aspects of the investigative trial, the comparison of several criminologists and their view on the subject of a criminalistic experiment. Next, the fourth chapter describes the investigative trial in comparison with similar forensic operations, and reconstruction, clearance testimony on the spot, recognition, and inspection of forensic expertise. The fifth chapter focuses on the essence, purpose, and objectives of the investigative attempt of the forensic science. The sixth chapter divides the investigative trial into several types, in terms of when they occur or according to the facts. The seventh chapter discusses in greater detail the questions pertaining to participants in the investigative trial....

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This thesis deals with criminalistic recontruction which is understood within criminal law as evidence, whereas criminology considers it as a criminalistic - tactical method. At the beginnig, this thesis follows up on the concept of recontruction, its main importance, its historical point of view and its conception within the other criminalistic methods. A very important part of the thesis is in the second chapter, where the types of criminalistic reconstruction are described. It is explained that the reconstruction of the crime as a specific method of criminalistic practice falls into the type of reconstruction of criminalistic significant negotiations and events. The main part of the thesis contains a detailed description of the reconstruction itself, especially its preparation, stages, procedural principles, tactical principles, methodological procedures, protocol, evaluation and documentation. Also, the case law of our courts when dealing with this issue, which often has a great impact on the possible development of this act is not forgotten. Particularly the most important findings of the Constitutional Court and decisions as well as resolutions of the High court are included. Furthermore, the comparative method is used and the legislation of the reconstruction in our Criminal Code Procedure is...

- 1 - 9. Abstract Forensic ballistics The goal of this thesis is to initiate readers into the branch of criminalistic or forensic ballistics and to its basic terminology. It is not possible to compile this theme at full length, there is no sufficient space for it, therefore I offer professional minimum of criminalistic ballistics. The fundamental purpose of my thesis is to afford the complex view of problems of modern forensic ballistics. The thesis is composed of introduction, six chapters, conclusion and supplements. Introduction defines short acquaintance with theme and with reasons why I decided on the subject of criminalistic ballistics. The following chapter "Historic development of fire arms" features history of weapons or fire arms. The subchapter "Historical development of forensic ballistics" includes the development of the branch abroad and in the territory of late Czechoslovakia too, including the well-known case of manslaughter of countess Windischgrätz. The chapter "Conception of forensic ballistics and its signification" illustrates basic division of criminalistic ballistics, then illustrates objects of investigation and occurrence of ballistics clues. The chapter named "Categories of object in ballistics investigation" is divided into three subchapters and readers can learn basic dividing of...

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti buitinių nužudymų kriminalistinės charakteristikos elementus ir nustatyti jos reikšmę nusikaltimų tyrimui. Buitinių nužudymų kriminalistinė charakteristika yra mokslinis teorinis modelis, apimantis tam tikrą informaciją, kurią naudojant galima pasiekti gerų tyrimo rezultatų. Iš tyčinių nužudymų, kaip atskirą nužudymų porūšį galime išskirti buitinius nužudymus, tai labiausiai paplitęs nužudymų porūšis. Buitinių nužudymų kriminalistinės charakteristikos struktūra sudaryta iš elementų, kurie išreikšti požymių visuma, atsispindinčių šio nužudymo porūšio elementuose, kurių pagrindu galima sudaryti atitinkamas prielaidas pasirenkant optimalius kriminalistinius metodus, priemones ir būdus nusikaltimų išaiškinimui, tyrimui. Buitinių nužudymų kriminalistinės charakteristikos sistemą, sudaro šie elementai: asmuo, padaręs buitinį nužudymą; buitinio nužudymo situacija; nukentėjusysis – nusikaltimo pasikėsinimo dalykas; buitinių nužudymų būdai. Praktinė buitinių nužudymų charakteristikos reikšmė yra tai, kad tyrėjas padaryto nužudymo atveju nustatęs net vieną ar keletą nužudymo elementų ir sulyginęs juos su turimomis tipinėmis nusikaltimų charakteristikomis gali sudaryti bendrą vaizdą apie tiriamą nusikaltimą, o tai palengvins jo atskleidimą. / The purpose of my degree work is the analysis of crime detection elements of household murders, as finding-out of his value for investigation of crimes. Crime detection analysis of household murders is scientific theoretical model containing some information, using which it is possible to reach good results in investigation. From deliberate crimes as separate subspecies of murders it is possible to allocate household murders which are the most widespread subspecies. The structure of household murders crime detection characteristics will consist of components, which means and ways for disclosing crimes are set of the attributes reflected in elements of subspecies of this murder on the basis of which it is possible to form corresponding preconditions choosing optimum crime detection methods, their investigation. The system of household murders crime detection characteristics, in my opinion, should consist of the following elements: the person who has made household murder; a situation of household murder; suffering - as object of a crime; ways of fulfillments of household murders. Practical value of the characteristic of household murders will be, that the inspector in case of the committed murder having established one or several elements of murder and having compared them with available typical characteristics of murders, can make the general opinion on the perfect crime, that will facilitate his investigation.

Criminalistic experiment Abstract The diploma thesis "Criminalistic experiment" deals with the analysis of selected methods of criminalistic practice in the Czech legal branch and Czech criminalistic practice. It contains two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is based on an analysis of the available literature. It focuses on the conceptual methods of the "criminalistic experiment" performed by experts, describes the different methods from other special methods of proof and specifies the various stages of the experiment. The first chapter defines the term criminalistic experiment as the use of experimental methods in criminalistics. Furthermore, the subchapters describe the various types of criminalistic experiment, from the informal tactical experiment, through the actions of a forensic expert called a professional experiment, to the actions of forensic experts called an investigative experiment. The first chapter also deals with a special form of investigative experiment, where the experiment is performed directly by a judge, the so-called judicial experiment. The second chapter of the diploma thesis tries to define the fundamental differences between the investigative experiment and other special methods of proof such as confrontation, recognition, reconstruction and on-site...

The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively analyze and describe one of the oldest methods of individual identification of individuals, which originates in ancient civilizations and consists of identifying a person on the basis of unique drawings of his papillary terrain. The dactyloscopy will be viewed primarily from a criminalistic perspective, although the text also deals with its expansion and use in other areas of human life. This is also a current trend, whose tendencies can be expected in the future. The thesis is divided into three basic chapters - history, present, future, which will gradually summarize the whole issue of this established forensic science. The text is supplemented with pictures and photographs with regard to practical use of this method. The first part of the thesis deals with the history of dactyloscopy from the discovery of papillary lines by ancient cultures to the gradual introduction of scientific approach to this discipline, either from physiological point of view or later from the criminalistic point of view. The text focuses mainly on important personalities who have helped to develop dactyloscopy and put it into practice. At the end of this part, the historical background and the development of the doctrine of papillary lines in the Czech Republic are also...

This diploma thesis is focused on criminalistic dactyloscopy, one of many methods of personal identification by fingerprints used in criminalistic praxis. However, this activity involves interventions and restrictions of human rights of persons being dactyloscoped. The areas affected are mainly personal data protection, human dignity and freedom and personal security rights. Thus this procedure has to be legal, reasonable and legitimate. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete description of historical development, possible uses and legal framework of criminalistic dactyloscopy. Closely connected to this topic are definitions of several conceptions. The basis of this work lies in an evaluation and comparison of the state of dactyloscopic identification prior to 1990. It also notes the changes occurring after this date and changes connected with the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union. The aim of this work is to provide the reader or any person interested in this topic with basics of procedures of dactyloscopic analysis and a list of related books for additional information. Resulting from these aims of this work and from the study of professional literature, following hypotheses were established: There was insufficient legal protection of dactyloscoped subjects prior to 1990. After 1990, a gradual development of legal system created conditions of adequate human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Both hypotheses were confirmed by professional literature and legal regulations, mainly Law No. 40/1974 (on the former police functioning), International Pact of Civil and Political Rights as stated in the Law No. 120/1976 Coll., Law No. 283/1991 Coll. (on the Police of Czech Republic) within the meaning of later regulations, Law No. 101/2000 (on personal data protection) and further legal norms. The concept of this diploma thesis is to provide a complete overview of criminalistic dactyloscopy and a basic sketch of the development of human rights protection of dactyloscoped subjects. Its readers can compare current situation with historical development. It should give them a wider understanding of this topic with the aim of orientating the readers in basic law regulations and providing them with a list of extra resources.

The graduating paper focuses on the digital image capture method in criminalistic and also on its legal regulation and practical resort in the law enforcement institutions‘ investigations of criminal acts. The digital image capture is one of the methods of digital image capture in criminalistic. Its structure contains digital photography and digital video recording. The digital photography is used for strategical and investigative photography. The usage of the digital image capture method investigating the criminal acts is not against the provision of the Criminal Procedure Code. This method is not regulated by any other legal instrument. It often happens that the media captured by the digital camera under investigation is not attached to the criminal case. It is the violation of the Criminal Procedure Code. The digital photography is used in the pretrial investigation institutions‘ work but the traditional photography is used as well. There are no anticipated procedures how to protect the digital photography and files from the substitution, forgery and erasure. The digital information can be protected by establishing the procedures of the standard operations. One of the ways to protect it is electronic signature.

Submitted by GETULIO MENEZES BENTO (getulio.gmb@dpf.gov.br) on 2013-10-15T18:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-11-08T18:30:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T16:10:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-11T16:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Few issues have been characterized by as much agree ment among organizational researchers as the importance of innovation to orga nizational competitiveness and effectiveness. The theme of innovation is as import ant as is its vast and diverse literature. But, if on one hand it recognizes the i mportance of the issue, on the other hand, it turns out that the understanding of innova tive behavior in organizations remains relatively undeveloped, especially in the p ublic sector. From the point of view of the innovation management, the question arises w hat are the organizational factors that determine the innovation capability in the organization. In this respect, the aim of this study was to identify the character istics and organizational factors driving or inhibiting the innovation process at the National Institute of Criminalistics and Technical-Scientific Directorate, considering t he organization members' perception who were involved with the development o f innovative ideas in the studied environment. For this purpose, a survey was conduct ed to assess the perception of the subjects about 15 factors relevant to innovatio n processes, postulated by researchers of the Minnesota Innovation Research Pr ogram - MIRP, University of Minnesota. The sample was composed of 62 organizati onal actors who returned the questionnaire sent to 79 experts, who were involved in the development of 42 different innovative ideas. Results indicated that ten factors (67%) induced the development of innovative processes while three fac tors (20%) inhibited these processes. Two factors had little convergence of an swers, so that results do not allow to conclude whether these factors acted foste ring or inhibiting innovation. Results confirmed the research assumption that the organizational environment provides mechanisms for fostering innovations. / Poucos temas apresentam tanta concordância entre os pesquisadores organizacionais como a importância da inovação para o desempenho e a efetividade organizacional. O tema inovação é tão importante quanto é vasta e diversificada a sua literatura. Mas, se por um lado, se reconhece a importância do tema, por outro, se constata que o entendimento do comportamento inovador nas organizações permanece ainda relativamente pouco desenvolvido, sobretudo no setor público. Do ponto de vista da gestão da inovação, interessa saber quais são os fatores organizacionais que determinam a capacidade que a organização tem para inovar. Nesse aspecto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as características e os fatores organizacionais indutores ou inibidores dos processos de inovação no Instituto Nacional de Criminalística e na Diretoria Técnico-Científica da Polícia Federal, na percepção dos sujeitos que se envolveram com o desenvolvimento de ideias inovadoras no ambiente pesquisado. Com esse propósito, foi realizado um levantamento a fim de avaliar a percepção dos sujeitos da pesquisa quanto a 15 fatores característicos relevantes para os processos de inovação, postulados pelos pesquisadores do Minnesota Innovation Research Program – MIRP, da Universidade de Minnesota. A amostra obtida foi composta de 62 atores organizacionais que retornaram o questionário, encaminhado para 79 peritos, que se envolveram no desenvolvimento ou implantação de 42 diferentes ideias inovadoras. Os resultados indicaram que dos 15 fatores analisados, dez fatores (67%) foram percebidos como indutores dos processos de inovação enquanto três fatores (20%) foram percebidos como inibidores desses processos. Dois fatores obtiveram pouca convergência das respostas, de forma que os dados obtidos não permitiram concluir se tais fatores atuavam favorecendo ou inibindo o desenvolvimento de inovações no ambiente pesquisado. Os resultados confirmaram o pressuposto levantado na pesquisa de que o ambiente organizacional pesquisado apresenta elementos característicos que favorecem o desenvolvimento de inovações.