[pt] Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória do escritor Elysio de Carvalho durante sua atuação no Gabinete de Identificação e Estatística da Polícia do Rio de Janeiro, entre 1907 e 1915. Através de traduções, edição de revistas e brochuras especializadas, da organização e participação em congressos e da criação de uma Escola de Polícia, Elysio de Carvalho construiu alianças e promoveu trocas transnacionais no emergente campo da polícia científica. Sua posição como tradutor e intérprete deste novo espaço de expertise – forjado na interface entre polícia e ciência – é estudada aqui por meio de duas estratégias de pesquisa. Em primeiro lugar, inserir sua trajetória na polícia dentro de um itinerário mais longo, marcado pelo deslocamento de Alagoas para o Rio de Janeiro e por sucessivos intentos de tornar-se um escritor reconhecido na Capital Federal. Em segundo lugar, explorar as tensões que atravessavam o cotidiano do Gabinete de Identificação, sua relação com outras seções da polícia e com as disputas políticas da Primeira República. Desde esta repartição, Elysio de Carvalho buscou dialogar com as redes internacionais de intercâmbio de saberes policiais e criminalísticos, no intuito de construir uma carreira local como funcionário público. Tomando distância das interpretações que enxergaram neste passo pelo Gabinete de Identificação uma ruptura radical com sua trajetória anterior, por considerar irreconciliável a condição de literato e de policial, esta tese propõe explorar o campo de possibilidades de um escritor dentro da polícia carioca em começos do século XX. / [en] This thesis aims to analyze the trajectory of Elysio de Carvalho during his years at the Identification and Statistics Office of the Rio de Janeiro Police Department, between 1907 and 1915. Elysio de Carvalho built alliances and promoted transnational exchanges in the emerging field of scientific police, by translations, edition of specialized magazines and books, organization of police conferences, and the creation of a police school. His position as a translator and interpreter of this new space of expertise - produced at the interface between police and science - is studied here through two research strategies. First, localizing his trajectory in the police within a longer itinerary, marked by the displacement from Alagoas to Rio de Janeiro and successive attempts to become a recognized writer in the Capital City. Second, exploring the conflicts in the Identification Office s everyday life, its relationship to other sections of the police, and the political disputes of the Brazilian First Republic. From his police office, Elysio de Carvalho has sought to dialogue with the international networks of police cooperation, in order to build a local career as a civil servant. Taking distance from the interpretations that saw in this years as the chief of the Identification Office a radical break with its previous trajectory, by considering the condition of writer and police officer as irreconcilable, this thesis proposes to explore the field of possibilities of a writer within the Rio de Janeiro police in the beginning of the 20th Century.

Obwohl das dokumentarische Bild als beglaubigte Aufzeichnung einer außermedialen Realität als Diskursgegenstand bereits seit Längerem dekonstruiert ist, scheint die Faszination am Dokumentarischen nahezu ungebrochen. Die stete Bezugnahme auf das Dokumentarische in unterschiedlichen Diskursen der Fotografie zeugt davon. Auch zahlreiche künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen rekurrieren seit den 80er-Jahren verstärkt auf dokumentarische Konzepte und Formate. Ausgehend von diesem Paradoxon, der Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen in Theoriekontexten und dem Wiedererstarken dokumentarischer Formate in der Fotografie und Kunst, sucht die vorliegende Arbeit nach den Ursachen einer offenkundig anhaltenden Faszination am Dokumentarischen. Dabei richtet sie den Blick speziell auf künstlerische Fotografien, die Gebrauchsweisen der Fotografie aufgreifen, welche per se mit dem Dokumentarischen affiziert werden, wie die Pressefotografie, die kriminalistische Fotografie und die Amateurfotografie. Sie zeigt, über welche Strategien das Dokumentarische dort produktiv umgesetzt wird. Lässt sich jeder Dokumentarismus erst einmal als Versuch lesen, in der Repräsentation das Reale zu verbildlichen, beziehen sich die vorgestellten künstlerischen Arbeiten von Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle und Richard Billingham zwar auf ein Begehren nach dem Realen, machen aber gleichzeitig den Verlust des Realen in ihren Erzählungen von der Wirklichkeit erfahrbar. In ihrer Ambivalenz vermitteln die künstlerischen Arbeiten ein Konzept des Dokumentarischen als mobiles System, das dieses nicht als Kategorie, Genre oder Stil festschreibt, sondern als Handlung begreift, die das permanente Ineinandergreifen von Konstruktion und Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen nachvollzieht. Insofern erweisen sich die Kunst und das Dokumentarische als nicht polar, denn über ihre Beziehung zum Realen kristallisiert sich dieses als das gemeinsame Dritte der beiden heraus. / Although the documentary image as authenticated record of a reality beyond the media has, as the object of discourse, long been deconstructed, the fascination with the documentary would appear to be ongoing. The constant references to the documentary in a variety of photography discourses bears witness to this. In addition, countless artistic treatments since the Eighties have referred back to documentary concepts and formats. In the light of this paradox as well as the deconstruction of the documentary in theoretical contexts and the renewed gaining of strength of documentary formats in photography and art, this study investigates the reasons for the evident persistent fascination with the documentary. In the process, artistic photographs in particular are examined which reference conventions in photography that are associated per se with the documentary, such as for example press photography, criminalistic photography, and amateur photography. The strategies by which the documentary is productively implemented are demonstrated here. If every form of documentarism can be read first of all as an attempt to express the real visually in the representation, then the artistic works by Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle and Richard Billingham that are presented here may indeed reference a desire for the real, but at the same time they make it possible in their telling of reality to experience the loss of the real. It is through their ambivalence that the artistic works convey a concept of the documentary as a mobile system that does not codify it as a category, genre or style, but rather perceives it as an act that comprehends the documentary''s constant intertwining of construction and deconstruction. As such, it is shown that art and the documentary are not polar, because through their relationship to reality this relationship is shown to crystalize out as the common third party for both.

Submitted by Felipe Gonçalves Murga (murga.fgm@gmail.com) on 2013-10-02T20:38:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 As relações entre Liderança, Cultura Organizacional e Clima Organizacional da Criminalítica da Polícia Federal_final.pdf: 6074755 bytes, checksum: fc81fa13866091df0691d71944134a8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-15T18:36:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 As relações entre Liderança, Cultura Organizacional e Clima Organizacional da Criminalítica da Polícia Federal_final.pdf: 6074755 bytes, checksum: fc81fa13866091df0691d71944134a8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-10-15T18:37:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 As relações entre Liderança, Cultura Organizacional e Clima Organizacional da Criminalítica da Polícia Federal_final.pdf: 6074755 bytes, checksum: fc81fa13866091df0691d71944134a8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-15T18:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 As relações entre Liderança, Cultura Organizacional e Clima Organizacional da Criminalítica da Polícia Federal_final.pdf: 6074755 bytes, checksum: fc81fa13866091df0691d71944134a8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-16 / The o rganizations are awa re that must deal with a complex process of organizational change, because the demands o f individual participation on decisions ha ve changed the roles of managers and their subordinates. In this context, the communication becomes essential to the exercise of social influence , on the coordination of activities and for effective leadership. The literature suggests that the attitudes and behaviors of the employees rel y on a fair distribution of rewards based on the contributions of each participant . Thus, an o rganizational environment with good communication, autonomy, participation, distributive justice and trust , leads to satisfaction and positive attitudes. Therefore, this work aimed to identify the dimensions of Leadership and Organizational Culture on the Criminal istic of the Federal Police and their relations hip with O rganizational C limate . This study is also concerned how these factors c ould expla i n the manage ment problems in the workplace . For data collection, it was used a quantitative survey with four questionnaires. Exactly 722 forms were sent and 150 (20.8 %) were returned: 21 (14 %) by experts of central unit , 126 (84 %) by experts of state units and 3 (2 %) by experts of other units. Respondents were between 30 and 64 years old (μ = 40.9,  = 6.8), 1 - 32 years of public service (μ = 12.6,  = 6.5) and 1 - 27 years of expertise (μ = 7.9,  = 3.9) . Furthermore, 79 (52.7 %) participants had occupied leadership position . The results showed no difference in perceptions of Le adership, Culture and Organizational Climate among regions of the country, rejecting the hypothesis H6 of this work. In a longitudinal study between 2011 and 2013 , there was no significant changes in the perception of L eadership, showing consistency betwee n populations. Moreover, age, working life and years of expertise failed to show any association with Climate ; therefore, employees of different times have the same perception of the O rganization Climate . The structural equation modeling prov i d ed evidence that Leadership , Leadership Practices and Organizational Climate have strong correlation to their dimensions . It was also determined that Organizational Culture affects Leadership and Leadership Practices , but it affects Organizational Climate even more . T hese results support the theory and explain hypotheses of this work. I n the organization , t here was a predominance of bureaucratic subculture based on power and control . This subculture affects the O rganizational C limate and often has negative effect on em ployees’ commitment and performance. The research pointed out that leaders should encourage communication to achieve dialogic understanding in the organization. The findings of this study can provide leaders a better way to manage their resources with legi timacy, reference, knowledge and information, and obeying the assumptions of Habermas ’ ideal speech / As organizações estão conscientes que enfrentarão complexa mudança organizacional, pois as demandas individuais na participação das decisões têm alterado os papéis desempenhados pelos gestores e seus subordinados. Neste contexto, a comunicação torna-se essencial para o exercício da influência social, para a coordenação das atividades e para a efetivação da liderança. A literatura aponta que as atitudes e os comportamentos dos funcionários são regidos por uma distribuição justa das recompensas conforme às contribuições de cada um. Assim, satisfação e atitudes positivas podem ser alcançadas por meio de um ambiente organizacional com boa comunicação, autonomia, participação, justiça distributiva e confiança. Portanto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar as dimensões de Liderança e Cultura Organizacional na Criminalística da Polícia Federal, suas relações com o Clima Organizacional e como estes construtos contribuem para explicação dos problemas gerenciais. Para a coleta dos dados, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa composta de 4 questionários. Dos 722 formulários enviados, 150 (20,8 %) foram respondidos: 21 (14 %) por Peritos Criminais Federais (PCF) do órgão central, 126 (84 %) por PCF das descentralizadas e 3 (2 %) por PCF de outras unidades. Os entrevistados tinham de 30 a 64 anos de idade (μ = 40,9; dp = 6,8), de 1 a 32 anos de serviço público (μ = 12,6; dp = 6,5) e de 1 a 27 anos de nomeação (μ = 7,9; dp = 3,9), e a função de chefia foi exercida por 79 (52,7 %) respondentes. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferença nas percepções de Liderança, Cultura e Clima Organizacional entre as regiões do país, rejeitando a hipótese H6 deste trabalho. Em um estudo longitudinal entre 2011 e 2013 também não houve mudanças significativas na percepção de Liderança, mostrando consistência entre as populações. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que a idade, o tempo de trabalho e o tempo de nomeação não estão associados com o Clima, logo servidores de diferentes épocas têm a mesma percepção do clima da organização. Os modelos de equações estruturais demonstraram que a Liderança, as Práticas de Liderança e o Clima são explicados fortemente por suas dimensões, e que a Cultura Organizacional afeta a Liderança e as Práticas de Liderança porém, mais significativamente, o Clima Organizacional. Tais resultados corroboram a teoria e explicam hipóteses deste trabalho. Observou-se, também, que na organização há predomínio da subcultura burocrática, baseada em controle e poder, que impacta o Clima Organizacional e, frequentemente, resulta em menor comprometimento e desempenho do servidor. A pesquisa apontou que os líderes devem encorajar a comunicação aberta para alcançar o entendimento dialógico na organização. Os achados deste estudo podem fornecer à gestão uma visão melhor para gerir seus recursos com base na legitimidade, na referência, no conhecimento e na informação, obedecendo os pressupostos do discurso ideal habermasiano.

La France s’inscrit dans une vision idéalisée de la criminalistique dont la force probante apporterait les réponses incontestables au procès pénal. Cette croyance est historique et s’appuie sur les travaux des pionniers français qui ont ouvert la voie à ce que d’aucuns ont appelé, par abus de langage, l’apport de la preuve scientifique. Mais le paysage de la criminalistique n’est pas aussi simple que les acteurs au procès pénal le supposent. Le système criminalistique existant, la formation des intervenants, la connaissance de la valeur informationnelle de la trace avec sa vie juridique comme sa traçabilité scientifique, parfois soumise à un cadre normatif extérieur au droit, sont autant de domaines rarement abordés. À travers les différentes matières composant la criminalistique, en percevoir le contenu et leur puissance scientifique, mais également leurs limites, apportent un éclairage particulier de ce qu’est l’interprétation des résultats analytiques en France, et ce qu’elle devrait être quel que soit le moment judiciaire qu’exige le déroulement de la procédure pénale. Cette présentation met en exergue l’existence de la réalisation d’actes scientifiques souvent négligés et qui vient relativiser la notion d’examens scientifiques et d’expertises pourtant sacralisés par le droit et la jurisprudence. Cette étude de la criminalistique dans le procès pénal, met en évidence la perception qu’en ont les acteurs, la compréhension réciproque difficile avec les experts, mais également celles d’organismes plus institutionnels, montrant que les intérêts sont parfois divergents entre une vision comptable de la justice et celle de la recherche de la vérité, pourtant inscrite dans les textes. Une présentation de la perception comme de la mise en œuvre de la criminalistique en droit comparé à travers la procédure et la jurisprudence accusatoires donne un éclairage sur des débats juridiques qui frappent à la porte de notre système inquisitoire par l’introduction toujours plus engagée du contradictoire. Mieux comprendre les sciences introduites au procès pénal et les rendre accessibles devrait donner aux acteurs une capacité de discernement et d’interprétation plus pertinente, notamment pour les juges qui doivent à partir de toutes ces connaissances, indices et réponses scientifiques en construire la preuve pénale. / France believes in an idealized vision of forensic science, the probative force of which would provide incontestable answers to the criminal trial. This belief is historical and is based on the work of the French pioneers who paved the way for what some have called, by abuse of language, the contribution of scientific proof. But the forensic landscape is not as simple as the actors in the criminal trial assume. Existing forensic systems, training of stakeholders, knowledge of the informational value of the trace with its legal life as well as its scientific traceability, sometimes subject to a normative framework outside the law are all rarely dealt with. Through the various subjects of forensic science, by perceiving their content and their scientific power, but also by their limitations, they shed particular light on the interpretation of analytical results in France and what it should be the judicial time required for the conduct of criminal proceedings. This presentation highlights the existence of the realization of scientific acts often neglected and that relativizes the notion of scientific examinations and expert appraisals yet sacred by law and jurisprudence. This study of criminalistic in the criminal trial highlights the perception of the actors, the difficult mutual understanding with the experts, but also those of more institutional administrations, showing that the interests are sometimes divergent between an accounting vision Justice and the search for truth, which is nevertheless inscribed in the texts. A presentation of the perception as well as the implementation of forensic science in comparative law through accusatory procedure and jurisprudence sheds light on legal debates that strike the door of our inquisitorial system by the increasingly engaged introduction of contradictory. A better understanding of the sciences introduced into the criminal process and making them accessible should give the actors a more relevant capacity for discernment and interpretation, in particular for judges who must draw up the criminal proof from all these scientific knowledge, answers and evidences.