Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 115825.pdf: 377095 bytes, checksum: 3f6965e330641919a238073a8190da6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / More than ever organizations are linking themselves in networks, and governments, aware of what can be gained with those connections, are developing incentives to foster its development. In Florianópolis, the promulgation of the Law of Innovation defined incentives to the formation of organizational networks, called Arranjos Promotores de Inovação (API). With that, the city s first API, the API.nano, started to be developed by CERTI, which invited LabGes/ESAG/UDESC to define the API s management and governance system, containing the system s business process mapping. In this context, this thesis details the development of a stakeholders requirement engineering of ICT systems capable of supporting the collaborative activities of the API.nano s organizations based in the process mapping developed. Supported by the literature about clusters of innovation, computer-supported cooperative work and requirement engineering, the research is divided in two phases. The first one constituted in the coding of the activities of the process mapping, which allowed their classification in 11 collaborative characteristics. Afterwards, a interpretative requirement analysis of the relationships exposed by the coding ensued. As a result, 30 stakeholders requirements were elicited. These requirements can the base for the definition of a ICT systems ecology capable of satisfying the collaborative work support technological needs of the API. / Cada vez mais organizações vem se ligando em redes, e os governantes, cientes dos ganhos obtidos com estas ligações, criam incentivos para fomentar seu desenvolvimento. Em Florianópolis, a promulgação da Lei da Inovação criou incentivos para a formação de redes organizacionais chamadas pela lei de Arranjos Promotores de Inovação (API). Com isso, o primeiro API da cidade, o API.nano, começou a ser desenvolvido pela Fundação CERTI, que convidou o LabGes/ESAG/UDESC a definir o sistema de gestão e governança do API, contendo um mapeamento de processos de negócio do sistema. Neste contexto, esta dissertação detalha o desenvolvimento de uma engenharia de requisitos de stakeholder de sistemas de TIC capazes de auxiliar as atividades colaborativas das organizações do API.nano com base no mapeamento de processos desenvolvido. Fundamentada pela literatura sobre clusters de inovação, sistemas de TIC no trabalho colaborativo e engenharia de requisitos, a pesquisa se dividiu em duas etapas. A primeira consistiu numa codificação das atividades do mapeamento de processos, que permitiu a classificação das atividades em 11 características colaborativas. Em seguida, uma análise de requisitos interpretativa foi realizada nas relações expostas pela codificação. Como resultado, 30 requisitos de stakeholders foram propostos. Estes requisitos podem servir de base para a definição de uma ecologia de sistemas de TIC capaz de satisfazer as necessidades tecnológicas de suporte do trabalho colaborativo do API.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vinicius Gazzoli Rangel.pdf: 3224178 bytes, checksum: d9fb1cdcd1e8bc9985da5d5f609b340e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-17 / First generation of web applications was responsible for the popularization of the network and the emergence of the first groups of Internet users. At that time, the web content was little interactive and web sites were limited in the aspects of configuration options and interface of the system. The Users were mere spectators of the actions that took place in the pages browsed, since they could not change its contents. Any additional functionality depended on the work of programming teams. With the advent of Web 2.0, the focus became the collective construction of knowledge. The essence is to allow users to become more active, not only through participation in interactive content generation, but also as the creation of virtual communities. Since then, Internet users are increasingly getting interested in the construction of environments that take advantage of the interactivity, of the authorship and of the semantic retrieval promoted by web, and various technological aspects. From the perspective of computing in education, efforts are noticeable in the production of educational software and virtual environments to support learning, especially with support for authoring tools and interaction such as chat, wiki, blog and forum. The educational activities supported by digital resources has highlighted the lack of flexibility in environments whose modeling is focused on tools, compromising the support for different activities proposed. This work proposes a approach for modeling of collaborative environments, through the design of Communication Vehicles. With these vehicles, it should be possible, to individuals or groups, organize and describe workspaces on the web by defining a set of structural properties. The validation of this proposal is made through a prototype of an editor Communication Vehicles, which provides a range of facilities to design vehicles without requiring the use of textual programming languages / A primeira geração de aplicações para web foi responsável pela popularização da rede e pelo surgimento dos primeiros grupos de internautas. Nesta época, o conteúdo web era pouco interativo e os sites eram limitados quanto aos aspectos de opções de configuração e interface do sistema. Os usuários eram meros espectadores das ações que aconteciam nas páginas que navegavam, já que não podiam alterar seu conteúdo. Qualquer funcionalidade adicional dependia do trabalho das equipes de programação. Com o advento da Web 2.0, o foco se tornou a construção coletiva do conhecimento. A essência é permitir que os usuários se tornem mais ativos, através não só da participação interativa na geração de conteúdo, como também da criação de comunidades virtuais. Desde então, os internautas vêm se interessando cada vez mais pela construção de ambientes que aproveitem a interatividade, a autoria e a recuperação semântica promovida pela web, além de vários aspectos tecnológicos. Do ponto de vista da informática na educação, notam-se iniciativas na produção de softwares educacionais e ambientes virtuais de apoio à aprendizagem, principalmente com suporte a ferramentas de autoria e interação, como chat, wiki, blog e fórum. As atividades pedagógicas apoiadas por recursos digitais têm evidenciado a carência de flexibilidade em ambientes cuja modelagem é centrada em ferramentas, comprometendo o suporte a diferentes atividades propostas. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem para modelagem de ambientes colaborativos, por meio da concepção de Veículos de Comunicação. Com esses veículos, deverá ser possível, a indivíduos ou grupos, organizarem e descreverem espaços de trabalho na web pela definição de um conjunto de propriedades estruturais. A validação desta proposta faz-se por meio de um protótipo de um editor de Veículos de Comunicação, que disponibiliza um conjunto de facilidades para projetar veículos sem a necessidade de uso de linguagens de programação textuais

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Leonardo Nascimento dos Santos.pdf: 3849234 bytes, checksum: 578fe47a5b307904388da382d7f5484b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Work and learning built individually and in groups took a new and definitive impulse from popularization of software tools that currently compose web-based virtual environments. After a time of reckoning and appropriation of these resources, work, teaching, learning and social relations started to demand that virtual environments cannot yet answer, partially due to need of conformation by some of these environments to certain functional aspects maintained mainly by tradition. A possible strategy to deal with this problem is to devise and to develop flexible environments to support cooperative activities, given users a better balance between supporting tools and goals and profiles of participants in a specific activity. This work is part of a multi-institutional effort on the area where, from conceptual elements defining an innovative and simple approach to development of virtual environments, it is reported the organization, modeling and implementation of an instance of this kind of environment. The resulting prototype, currently in use at UFAM, was built using Moodle as development and evaluation platform. / O trabalho e a aprendizagem construídos individual e coletivamente tomaram novo e determinante impulso a partir da disseminação das ferramentas de software que atualmente compõem os ambientes virtuais baseados na Web. Após um período de reconhecimento e apropriação desses recursos, o trabalho, o ensino, a aprendizagem e as relações sociais como um todo passam a apresentar demandas que os ambientes virtuais ainda não conseguem atender, em parte devido à conformação desses ambientes a certos aspectos funcionais mantidos principalmente por tradição. Uma estratégia possível para tratar esse problema é a concepção e desenvolvimento de ambientes flexíveis para apoiar a realização de atividades cooperativas, propiciando aos usuários uma melhor sintonia entre ferramentas de apoio e os objetivos e os perfis dos participantes de uma determinada atividade. O trabalho aqui descrito faz parte de um esforço multi-institucional de pesquisa no tema, onde, a partir dos elementos conceituais que definem uma abordagem de inovadora simplicidade à concepção e desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais, é relatada a organização, modelagem e implementação de uma instância desse tipo de ambiente. O protótipo resultante, atualmente em plena utilização na UFAM, foi construído utilizando o Moodle como plataforma de desenvolvimento e avaliação.

Covid-19-pandemin och de åtföljande restriktionerna i samhället har haft stor effekt på våra liv och ekonomi. Företag har fått anpassa sig och digitala lösningar har implementerats för att möjliggöra arbete på distans, i hopp om att minska pandemins spridning. Distansarbete har hindrat fysiska träffar och därför har företag tvingats att hitta nya lösningar för att hjälpa de anställda att fortsätta sitt arbete. Följaktligen har kommunikation och samarbete på distans blivit viktiga faktorer för att kringgå de utmaningar som har uppstått till följd av pandemin. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns inom semi-virtuella teams från medarbetarnas perspektiv. Även medarbetarnas upplevelser har undersökts med fokus på samarbete och kommunikation.  En kvalitativ intervjustudie har genomförts för att samla empiriska data om kommunikation och utmaningar inom semi-virtuella teams baserat på fynd av Daim et al. (2012). Författarna beskriver att kommunikation och utmaningar inom virtuella grupper är baserat på tillit, relationer, ledarskap och teknologi.  Empiriska resultatet har sedan analyserats och jämförts med litteraturen från litteraturstudien, samt har en metodreflektion gjorts om undersökningens metodval och genomförande. Utmaningar inom semi-virtuella teams har hittats och presenterats och likaså har informanternas erfarenheter angående samarbete och kommunikation undersökts och presenterats. Kommunikation räknas som det viktigaste kriteriet för ett lyckat samarbete. Även att samarbete och kommunikation i semi-virtuella grupper är sammanhängande eftersom bra kommunikation är avgörande för ett lyckat samarbete vid distansarbete. Svårigheten att kommunicera eller komma i kontakt med gruppmedlemmar är en utmaning. Brist på sociala interaktioner gör det svårt att främja relationer. Det leder till minskat förtroende inom gruppen speciellt för nya medarbetare. Forskning visar att teknologen har varit en har varit en utmaning när arbetet skiftades digitalt. / The Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent restrictions in society have had a major impact on our lives and economy. Businesses have had to adapt and digital solutions have been implemented to allow remote work in the hopes of minimizing the spread of the pandemic. However, remote work has hindered physical encounters and so companies have been forced to find new solutions to help employees continue their work. Subsequently, communication and remote collaboration have become important factors in evading the challenges that have emerged due to the pandemic. The purpose of the thesis has been to investigate the challenges that exist within semi-virtual teams from the employees' perspective. Also, the employees' experience has also been examined with a focus on cooperation and communication. A qualitative interview study has been conducted to gather empirical data on communication and challenges within semi-virtual teams based on the findings by Daim et al. (2012). The authors explain that communication and challenges within virtual teams are based on trust, relationships, leadership, and technology. The empirical results has been analysed and compared with the literature from the literature study, and a method reflection has been made on the survey's method choice and implementation. Challenges within semi-virtual teams were found and presented and the informants' experience regarding cooperation and communication has also been investigated and presented. Communication is considered the most important criterion for a successful collaboration. Also that collaboration and communication in semi-virtual groups are coherent because good communication is crucial for successful collaboration in telework. The difficulty of communicating or getting in touch with team members is a challenge. Lack of social interactions makes it difficult to promote relationships. This leads to reduced trust within the group, especially for new employees. Research shows that technology has been a challenge when the work was shifted digitally.

This thesis reports a research effort that comprises six papers and a cover paper. In essence, the thesis contributes to the understanding of collaborative settings by introducing the perspective of 'places of collaboration‘. This perspective is particularly important when designing computer-based technologies that support collaborative settings. The starting point and overall research aim is to understand people‘s efforts to configure their current context for the purposes of collaboration. The cover paper of the thesis comprises a theoretical reflection and examination of four collaborative settings. The settings have been studied in situ through ethnographic inquiry and the results are reported in the six papers enclosed in the thesis. In my theoretical reflection, the concepts of 'place‘, 'space‘ and 'boundary objects‘ are central. The studies revealed that people‘s efforts to configure the current context create and reflect a 'place of collaboration‘. In other words, the effort to configure the context results in a practice characterized by an understanding of how to cooperate; a collaborative practice that constitutes a 'place of collaboration‘. During this configuration, the space and the use of materiality in this space are important parts in the creation of a place of collaboration. In addition, people configure collaborative contexts of intersecting practices by creating boundary objects. Boundary objects serve as mediators in a place-making process for the integration of places into a 'place of collaboration‘ for several practices. What is more, the dynamics of a place of collaboration may affect changes in existing modes of working and in computer-based tools that have been introduced into the workplace. The people and practices that constitute the place will in turn re-configure the place of collaboration, including the space and objects available due to the new circumstances. People‘s configuration of their current context reveals crucial aspects about the place of collaboration that must be considered also when designing to support this setting. However, this configuration may not necessarily equal efficiency and effectiveness, as evaluated by actors external to this context. The conclusion of this thesis is that future research and design should consider how to support people in their own effort to configure their collaborative context.

<p>Denna forskningsrapport undersöker hur nya teknologier kan verka som stöd för visuellt informationsutbyte och koordination för kreativa arbeten på distans. Arbetsgruppen genomförde denna undersökning för att kunna utbyta prototyper och annat visuellt material på regelbunden basis med en beställare av ett projekt som har sitt säte i New York. Projektet använde sig av en så kallad projektblogg som kanal för att förmedla utfört arbete samt för att föra en diskussion och ge feedback på det. Eftersom detta projekt skulle genomföras inom ramen för detta examensarbete valde arbetsgruppen att även undersöka hur examensarbetet skulle kunna koordineras genom projektbloggen. Dessa två undersökningar skedde genom en fallstudie under 8 av examensarbetets totala 10 veckor. Samtidigt som fallstudien genomfördes gjordes även en litteraturstudie som undersökte om det fanns teori som kunde stödja användandet av en projektblogg på detta sätt. Efter fallstudien utvärderades resultatet och genom intervjuer med användare och enkätundersökningar med en referensgrupp framkom det att projektbloggen hade upplevts vara ett mycket användbart hjälpmedel för att förmedla visuell information samt för att ge feedback för det ena projektet. Det andra projektet (examensarbetet) hade mindre behov av visuellt informationsutbyte då arbetet huvudsakligen bestod av längre textdokument. Eftersom dessa dokument skulle editeras fann användaren inte projektbloggen som ett optimalt verktyg för detta, bloggen verkade i det projektet mer som samlingsställe för dessa dokument, där användarna kunde hämta informationen för att sedan editera på traditionellt vis. Litteraturstudien som genomfördes visade att det fanns gott om stöd som pekade på att en projektblogg skulle vara användbar för koordinering av kreativa projekt som skedde på distans, och en av de mest intressanta möjligheterna som beskrevs inom ämnet computer supported collaborative work(CSCW) var att den nya tekniken att genomföra distansarbeten framförallt öppnade dörrar för de yrkesgrupper som hade behov av att visa upp grafiskt material, en yrkesgrupp som normalt blir väldigt belastad om arbetsgruppen inte är närvarande.</p>

The role that perceived information quality has on the intention to use a computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) system in the Federal Highway Administration is the focus of this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional diversity of the contributors in a CSCW as a major determinant of perceived information quality. The study relied on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to propose a theoretical model which shows that perceived information quality influences perceived risk and trusting belief of the users of these systems. Both perceived risk and trusting belief shape the intention to use a computer supported collaborative work systems. This study conducted a web-based survey to validate the theoretical model. The study focused on the use of computer-supported collaborative work systems in the Federal Highway Administration. This study empirically validated the theoretical model. Scales were developed within the context of the variables (functional diversity, perceived information quality, perceived risk, trusting belief, and intention to use.) to survey discipline members at the Federal Highway Administration.The statistical results showed support for perceived information quality’s positive influence on trusting belief, perceived information quality’s negative influence on perceived risk, perceived risk’s negative influence on the intention to use a CSCW and trusting belief’s positive influence on the intention to use a CSCW. The results also showed there is no statistically significant difference in perceived information quality by functional diversity. This study concluded that the research model showed significant results to support four of the five hypotheses proposed and helped uncover key findings on how perceived information quality can be impacted. This research served as an original contribution to CSCW while working in functionally diverse teams environments.

Farming is considered as an important area for a sustainable society, and the need for proper information and knowledge exchange among farmers through various forms of social learning processes has been addressed. Beside learning from each other face to face and sharing personal experiences of farming practices, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the form of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) systems provides another possibility to share and exchange information and knowledge with other farmers. This work demonstrates the necessary functions needed for a future CSCW system for farmers, as a tool for social interaction and communication in agriculture, through which social learning is fostered. The purpose is to stimulate social learning among farmers so they will develop from passive readers to active contributors of information content in the proposed CSCW system, which in the long run may have a positive impact on the overall purpose of farming – increasing harvests. The main aim of this work is to stimulate social learning in agriculture, where farmers’ social online learning processes is stimulated via a CSCW system that has been developed and designed as a high-fi prototype, providing various functions that make it possible to communicate among farmers and other stakeholders. In order to o stimulate so-called reading farmers into actively contributing farmers in the proposed CSCW-system this work also provides some identified lessons learned. These lessons learned provide both design guidelines as well as suggested behavioral changes of farmers and farming organisations in order to foster the use of CSW systems a social interaction and social learning tools in farming practices. Keywords; Agriculture, social learning, communication, CSCL, CSCW, ICT, contribute to content.

L'édition collaborative en temps réel permet à plusieurs utilisateurs d'éditer un même document simultanément grâce à des outils informatiques. Les applications d'édition collaborative en temps réel répliquent les données éditées chez chaque utilisateur, pour garantir une édition des données réactive et possible à chaque instant. Les conflits d'édition sont fréquents, et doivent être gérés automatiquement par l'application. L'application doit faire converger toutes les répliques vers un document commun, qui contient toutes les modifications exprimées par tous les utilisateurs. Les algorithmes actuels fonctionnent de manière satisfaisante pour des types de données simples et des possibilités d'édition minimes. Lorsque le document est plus complexe (document XML, texte structuré), ou qu'il peut être édité avec un ensemble élargi d'opérations (déplacement de texte, styliser du texte), lors de la résolution de conflits d'édition, les algorithmes échouent à proposer un contenu qui convienne aux utilisateurs. Les intentions des utilisateurs ne sont pas respectées. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des algorithmes d'édition collaborative en temps réel qui respectent mieux les intentions des utilisateurs que les algorithmes actuels.Pour cela, nous étudions deux approches de la littérature nommées transformées opérationnelles et modèles de données répliquées commutatives, et montrons comment il est possible d'attribuer plus de sémantique aux opérations de base des algorithmes d'édition collaborative, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs d'exprimer avec plus de moyens leurs intentions, et aux algorithmes de résoudre plus efficacement les conflits d'édition / Real-time collaborative editors, like GoogleDocs or Etherpad, allow the simultaneous edition of a document by several users. These applications need to replicate the edited document, for the so called real-time purpose of permitting a fast and reactive editing by any user at any time. Editing conflicts frequently occur, and must be automatically handled by the application, in order to provide every users with the same copy of the document, containing every modifications issued. Most of current real-time collaborative editing algorithms were designed for simple data structures, like linear text, and simple editing ways, like inserting or removing a character only. These algorithms fail to offer an appropriate editing conflict resolution when used with a complex data structure, like XML, or with complex operations, like moving some text or adding some style. Copies are the sames but users' intentions are not preserved. The goal of this thesis is to design new real-time collaborative editing algorithms that ensure a better preservation of users' intentions. The first contribution of this thesis is an algorithm based on the Operational Transformation approach (OT). Our contribution is designed to handle rich text document (with stylized text and paragraphs) and to preserve the intentions of a set of high editing level operations (add style, merge paragraphs...). The second contribution uses the Commutative Replicated Data Types approach (CRDT), and offers an algorithm which preserves the update intention, while improving global performance of the approach when dealing with large blocs of data

With the increasing popularity of information technologies, many companies try to set up a virtual network in order to share their business information. The purpose of creating such a virtual network is to create a new knowledge base on the combination of the existing knowledge. Collaboration is very necessary in such a virtual network as crass-unit collaboration takes place when people from different units work together in cross-unit teams on a common task or provide significant help to each other. Recently, co-design is an emerging technology in the field of informatics. It is considered as the development of system thinking, and it is a collaborative designing process which recruits designers, researchers, stakeholders and others together. The purpose of this collaborative activity is to sole designing problems. Therefore, if we want to increase collaboration in a co-design process, we need to look at a ways of increasing the efficiency of collaboration. The rapid development of accessible, reliable, and user-friendly information technology offers improvements to traditional collaboration, and makes new approaches possible. Many platforms for the exchange of information such as the Internet, email, and video-conferencing are well established aids to collaborative activities. Therefore, my research investigates to create an efficient virtual network for a co-design process. In this research, I will try to investigate that what is the need of a virtual network for co-design process and what are those virtual network soft-wares which can help us in a co-design process. My research discussion is related to the theory of CSCW (Computer Supported cooperative work). / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik