nÃo hà / Um dos desafios centrais de investigadores e gestores de Ãgua em grandes bacias à avaliar, de modo confiÃvel, a disponibilidade de Ãgua em condiÃÃes reais. Em bacias do semi-Ãrido brasileiro, um dos principais desafios consiste em considerar os efeitos da proliferaÃÃo de pequenos aÃudes. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal definir um arranjo Ãtimo para o sistema de acumulaÃÃo em grandes bacias no semi-Ãrido, denominado Ãtimo por corresponder ao melhor Ãndice de sustentabilidade (IS) da disponibilidade hidrolÃgica da bacia. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foi estudado o caso da bacia do aÃude OrÃs (CearÃ, 24 mil km2). A referida bacia conta atualmente com mais de quatro mil reservatÃrios de diversos tamanhos, sendo estratÃgica para o abastecimento do estado. O modelo WASA (Water Availability in Semi-Arid Environments) foi aplicado para o perÃodo entre 1961 e 2005 e sua validade comprovada para a Ãrea em estudo, comprovando a robustez do modelo para estimar a disponibilidade hÃdrica em grandes bacias hidrogrÃficas, mesmo considerando o efeito de milhares de pequenos reservatÃrios a montante. Usando-se o mÃtodo de otimizaÃÃo de busca direta Simplex-MSX, foram simulados cerca de 60 arranjos para a pequena aÃudagem na bacia. Para cada arranjo foi estimada a respectiva eficiÃncia hidrolÃgica atravÃs do Ãndice de sustentabilidade IS. O arranjo Ãtimo permitiu o estabelecimento de parÃmetros capazes de orientar a polÃtica para a pequena aÃudagem em grandes bacias semi-Ãridas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a disponibilidade hÃdrica mÃxima pode ser obtida para a Ãrea mÃdia de captaÃÃo de 7 km2 por aÃude e para volume Ãtimo de armazenamento da bacia tal que seu tempo de residÃncia seja da ordem de 3 anos / One of the central challenges of researchers and water managers in large-scale watersheds is to evaluate the water availability in real conditions. In watersheds of the Brazilian semi-arid region, one of the main challenges consists of considering the effect of the proliferation of small reservoirs. This research has as the main objective to search the optimum arrangement for the system of accumulation in large watersheds in the semi-arid environment. The objective function to be optimized is the ASCE hydrological sustainability index (SI) of the watershed. In order to achieve the considered objective, the case of OrÃs dam (CearÃ, Brazil) watershed (ca. 24000 kmÂ) was studied. This watershed has presently more than four thousand small reservoirs, and it is strategic for the water supplying in the state. The WASA model (âWater Availability in Semi-Arid Environmentsâ) was applied to the watershed for the period from 1961 to 2005 for validation purposes. The robustness of the WASA model in predicting water availability in the large-scale watershed, considering the effect of thousands of small reservoirs, was proven. Using the optimization method of Simplex-MSX, 60 different arrangements for the small reservoirs in the watershed were simulated for a 45-year period with daily steps. For each arrangement the respective hydrological efficiency (assessed by the sustainability index) was estimated. The optimum arrangement allowed the establishment of parameters capable to guide the policy for small reservoirs in large semi-arid watersheds. The main results of the research showed that the maximum sustainability index was obtained for average contribution area of 7 km per dam; and storage volume of the basin such that its time of residence is in the order of 3 years

Orientador: Alberto Luiz Francato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T04:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Basseto_EduardoAntonioPires_M.pdf: 1967825 bytes, checksum: 335fd48e7fdd853205200ce11fdb1859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de hierarquização do grau de proteção contra cheias a jusante de reservatórios de usinas hidroelétricas, em função de diferentes vazões de restrição (QR) e períodos de retorno (TR). A escolha das melhores alternativas de especificação do par (QR,TR) é feita por meio de otimização multiobjetivo. A medida do impacto da violação da vazão de restrição é traduzida na forma de funções de penalidade. A metodologia proposta foi testada em um estudo de caso na usina hidrelétrica de Barra Bonita, no rio Tietê. Tal estudo revelou a adequação da metodologia proposta, onde se fez uma investigação simultânea do par (QR,TR) para avaliação dos volumes de espera associados / Abstract: The paper presents a methodology to rank the degree of protection against flooding downstream reservoirs of hydroelectric plants, for different flow restriction (QR) and return periods (TR). The choice of the best alternative specification pair (QR, TR) is made by means of multiobjective optimization. The extent of the impact of the breach flow restriction is translated in the form of penalty functions. The proposed methodology was tested in a case study in Bonita hydroelectric plant on the river Tietê. This study revealed the suitability of the proposed methodology, where we make a simultaneous investigation of the pair (QR, TR) to avaliate the associated expected volumes / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

M.A. (Geography and Environmental Management) / Water can be regarded as a scarce commodity in South Africa and one cannot rely solely on the discovery of new water resources to meet the ever increasing demands. Water is arguably the most precious resource in South Africa and its proper management in all spheres of activity is imperative ( Middleton and Stern,1987 ). This is no different in the mining industry where a primary consumptive use of water is in the tailings dams and associated return water. Restricted implementation of Government water plans and a series of droughts has forced users of water to optimise their use of water. A key to correct water management of a tailings disposal system on a gold mine lies in accurate and meaningful water balance. To provide an accurate water balance, quantifying the water loss is necessary. The water loss in a tailings system is mainly due to evaporation and interstitial flow. For the purpose of this study, evaporation is dealt with in more detail.

M.Sc. (Geography) / Gold mine tailings deposits in the Witwatersrand are subjected to intensive wind and water erosion the combination of factors responsible for air and water pollution. Numerous efforts to alleviate this problem through vegetation have succeeded in establishing soil cover, although the surviving species are not representative of original indigenous vegetation and longer-term soil establishment has been poor. Contributing to these difficult conditions for establishing stable soil and plant communities are: low pH values; low surface stability; deficient organic matter and nitrogen; and high levels of heavy metal in the tailings. Although the role of cryptogams on nutrient cycling and positive impacts on growth of plants is well documented, their potential use in the planning of rehabilitation programmes of gold mine tailings has not been explored. In this study, the abundance and diversity of cryptogams and their impact on the chemical properties of Tailings Storage Facilities (TSF) surface material were investigated on three selected tailings dams: Fleurhof (2L3), Rand Leases (2L8), and Durban Roodepoort Deep DRD (2L24). On the third TSF, DRD (2L24), the original vegetation on the northern half has been entirely covered by wind- eroded material from the southern half the current surface represents a fresh un-vegetated surface. Field investigation was conducted to determine the abundance, diversity and coverage of cryptogams and their effect on the surface stability of the selected tailings. Bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi were isolated and identified to evaluate the diversity and abundance of these organisms in the study area. In addition, electron microscopy observations were performed to understand the formation of the TSF crust. Chemical analyses of pH, electrical conductivity and the nutritional level of cryptogams TSF material were conducted to determine the effects of cryptogams on the chemical properties of the TSF material and predict the suitability of the substrate for the establishment of other microbes and vegetation. Abundant cryptogams, with diversified growth and morphological features, were found within the sampled areas. The cryptogam diversity proved similar to those across the three tailings dams, and was dominated by mosses and lichens. The abundance and growth of these mosses and lichens was dependent on the presence of vegetative cover and the direction of solar radiation. On undisturbed sites, cryptogams covered as much as 30% on DRD, 70% on RL, and 80% on FL. It was observed that the TSF surfaces covered by cryptogams were more stable than the bare ones. Ten genera of cyanobacteria were isolated from samples for the three tailings and identified, based on their morphology and growth characteristics, as: Aphanocapsa sp., Chromonas sp., Chroococcus sp., Cyanothece sp., Microcystis aeruginosa; Microcoleus sp., Nostoc sp., Oscillatoria sp, Scytonema sp. and Stigonema sp. Five fungal (Trichoderma gamsii, Phoma sp., Hypocrea lixii, Lecythophora sp, and Ascomycota) and four bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Arthrobacter aurescens, A. histidinolovorans, and A. sulfonivorans), representing the most abundant isolates from each group, iv were identified using DNA sequencing. Under the electron microscope, it was observed that the cryptogams being examined constituted diversified groups of organisms. Mycelia mats and sheathe produced by filamentous cyanobacteria and fungi played a major role in the formation of the crust by binding the TSF particles. The substrate had very low pH, EC, organic matter and nutrients essential for plant growth. However, the presence of cryptogams altered the acidity of the surface material into almost neutral and significantly improved the level of the essential nutrients and organic matter. It was concluded that the diversity of cryptogams in the TSF material was comparable to the diversity reported on other (different) soils. In addition, the cryptogams’ role in ameliorating the chemical properties of the surface material of the TSF is a clear indication that these organisms can play a positive role in stabilising the tailings material surface and promoting the growth of other microbes and higher plant forms.

[pt] O surgimento da instrumentação geotécnica se deu entre os anos de 1930 e 1940 e inicialmente observa-se a utilização de instrumentos mecânicos e hidraúlicos para essa finalidade. Entretanto nos últimos anos tem se acentuado a utilização de equipamentos baseados em princípios elétricos tais como os extensômetros elétricos resistivos e os eletroníveis que podem ser acoplados a eficientes sistemas de aquisição de dados. Há portanto a necessidade de intensificação de esforços na utilização de técnicas mais precisas e abrangentes de monitoramento do comportamento real de obras geotécnicas, tendo em vista o distanciamento que hoje se constata entre o refinamento, sofisticação e versatilidade dos métodos computacionais e numéricos em relação à qualidade, e até mesmo representatividade das informações oriundas de programas observacionais na engenharia geotécnica. A finalidade deste trabalho é verificar a aplicabilidade dos eletroníveis nos programas de instrumentação geotécnica e desenvolver procedimentos específicos de montagem, calibração, instalação e interpretação. Essa técnica de instrumentação, apesar de consagrada internacionalmente é ainda de utilização restrita no nosso país. E finalmente apresenta-se o tratamento de dados realizado com as informações obtidas no programa de instrumentação das barragens de Xingó e Tianshegqiao (TSQ-1). / [en] Geotechnical instrumentation development, has begin 1930 and 1940 and initialy we can observe the use of hydhraulic and mechanic instruments to this purpose. Meanwhile in the last years it can be observed the increase of the use these equipaments based on electrical principle like resistance extensometers and electrolevels that can be coupled to efficient system data aquisition. So there is need of the use of techique more precise and comprehensive for monitoring actual behaviour of geotechincal work so the big distance that there is between refinement, sofistication and versatility of computacional and numeric methods in relationship quality and representative information from observation programs in the geotechincal engineering, can be shortened. The main purpose of this research is to verify the aplication of electrolvel gauges in geothecnical instrumentation program and to develop specific procedure of assembly, calibration, installation and interpretation. This instrumentation technique in spite of being internationally established is still of restricted use in our country. Results obtained in two large concrete face rockfill dams (Xingo and TSQ-1) are presented. / [es] El surgimento de la instrumentación geotécnica se dió entre los años 1930 y 1940 e inicialmente se observa la utilización de instrumentos mecánicos y hidraúlicos con tal finalidad. En los últimos años se ha acentuado la utilización de equipos basados en principios eléctricos tales como los extensómetros eléctricos resistivos y los electroníveles que pueden ser acoplados a eficientes sistemas de adquisición de datos. Ha por tanto necesidad de intensificar esfuerzos en la utilización de técnicas más precisas y abarcadoras para el monitoramiento del comportamiento real de obras geotécnicas; llevando en cuenta el distanciamiento que hoy se constata entre el refinamiento, sofistificación y versatilidad de los métodos computacionales y numéricos en relación a la calidad, e incluso representatividad de las informaciones oriundas de programas observacionales en la ingeniería geotécnica. La finalidad de este trabajo es verificar la aplicabilidad de los electroníveles en los programas de instrumentación geotécnica y desarrollar procedimientos específicos de montaje, calibración, instalación e interpretación. Esta técnica de instrumentación, a pesar de consagrada internacionalmente, tienen uso restringido en nuestro país. Finalmente se presenta el tratamiento de datos realizado con las informaciones obtenidas en el programa de instrumentación de las Barragens de Xingó y Tianshegqiao (TSQ-1).

D.Phil. / Over a century gold exploration and extraction on the central Witwatersrand has left a legacy of mine residue deposits. Although there have been numerous complaints and claims of health effects associated with dust from these residue deposits, mostly these have been dismissed as mere nuisance. This study hypothesized that gold mine tailings on the Witwatersrand pose significant health risks to the nearby communities due to respirable airborne tailings material. Preliminary review of information on the tailings led to the insight that tailings source material and atmospheric properties at receptor sites are poorly characterized from the point of view of particle size-mass distributions. For years, routine monitoring of emissions from tailings storage facilities has been limited to sampling of dust fallout (settlable particles ≥ 30 μm). A suite of fifty four source samples (thirty-six slime, six newer slime and twelve sand) were collected from tailings storage facilities along the mining corridor covering deposits in the Carltonville area through to Springs. Size class characterization of source material was performed in the diameter range 0.05 μm to 900 μm using a Malvern® MS-14 Particle Analyser with 64 channels, from which the respirable (dp< 5 μm) and thoracic (dp < 10 μm) components were measured. Secondly, source materials were sieved (using a sieving cloth) in dp < 5 and < 10 μm fractions and the data derived was used in validating the size class results from the Malvern® MS-14 Particle Analyser before subjecting the samples to chemical analyses (elemental, mineralogical and radioactivity). Two years of continuous dust fall samples were collected in two different residential areas close to selected tailings storage facilities and subjected to similar size class characterization with the Malvern® MS-14 Particle Analyser. Further, continuous size-mass characterization of airborne aerosols was conducted in two different locations in the vicinity of tailings storage facilities with the Grimm® aerosol particle counter, in the diameter range 0.25 μm to 32 μm. The Grimm® aerosol particle counter was collocated with the MicroVol® PM10 filter sampler ambient monitor. The risk zones around selected tailings storage facilities were established by conducting dispersion modeling with American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). The spatial evolution of tailings storage facilities and built-up areas is assessed using multiple aerial photographic images, covering four periods from 1952 to 2008. Overall, detailed spatial analysis was conducted and human inhabitants are now at greater risk than before. We have quantified the number of inhabitants living within the high-risk zone surrounding selected tailings storage facilities. The combined areas occupied by tailings storage facilities have increased from ~4 km2 (1952) to 10 km2 (2002); and residential areas ~4 km2 (1952) to 27 km2 (2002) within a buffer of 2 km. Population grew between 1952 and 2002 by a factor x29 at Crown Gold Recoveries; x43 at Durban Roodepoort Deep (from 1976); and x25 at East Rand Proprietary Mines.

L’érosion interne est la cause principale de ruptures des ouvrages hydrauliques en terre, tels que les digues et les barrages. Les conséquences de telles ruptures sont conséquentes et couteuses. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre une catégorie particulière de processus d’érosion, la suffusion, en en caractérisant l’initiation et l’évolution. Cette recherche, à dominante expérimentale, s'appuie sur une modélisation physique unidimensionnelle. Les essais sont réalisés dans une conduite en plexiglas de 18 cm de diamètre intérieur, équipée de capteurs de pression, d’un débitmètre et d’un turbidimètre. Un dispositif de collecte des particules érodées est installé à l’aval de la conduite pour quantifier les particules érodées à des intervalles de temps choisis. Dans cette étude, on a réalisé une série d’essais sur des matériaux pulvérulents. Dans ce type de matériaux, l’érosion se manifeste par suffusion. Elle correspond à l’arrachement et au transport des particules fines à travers l’espace poral des particules grossières. Dans un premier temps, un protocole de reconstitution de matériaux pulvérulents est élaboré. Le principe consiste à réaliser des mélanges humides avec une teneur en eau relative à la masse des particules fines. Pour surmonter les problèmes rencontrés dans la réalisation des essais, la conduite est disposée verticalement, et les matériaux testés sont reconstitués à partir de mélanges de particules sableuses. Une étude paramétrique est menée sur l’influence de certains paramètres, tels que la granulométrie, la pression d’écoulement, la nature et la teneur en particules argileuses ainsi que la densité de mise en place. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’érodabilité des matériaux dépend de la forme des courbes granulométrique. En effet, l’érosion est plus accentuée pour les matériaux contenant moins de particules fines. Elle est également plus forte quand la courbe granulométrique est discontinue. L’ajout de particules argileuses augmente la résistance à la suffusion des matériaux testés. Trois catégories de matériaux argileux ou fins sont testées : une illite (argile verte de Velay), une kaolinite (Speswhite), et du sable broyé (C10). Les résultats montrent que les matériaux contenant de l’illite sont plus résistants à la suffusion que les matériaux contenant de la kaolinite, tandis que les matériaux contenant du sable broyé sont les moins résistants. Cette résistance à la suffusion augmente avec la teneur en particules argileuses. L’érosion des matériaux dépend aussi de la densité initiale des matériaux testés. En effet, pour la même pression d’entrée, la quantité des particules érodées diminue en augmentant la densité de mise en place / Internal erosion is the main cause of failure of hydraulic structures such dykes and dams. The consequences of such failures are substantial and costly. The objective of this thesis is to better understand one of the erosion phenomena, the suffusion, and to characterize the initiation and the evolution of this phenomenon. A physical modeling approach is used for this study. Tests are carried out in a Plexiglas pipe of 18 cm inner diameter, equipped with pressure sensors, flowmeter and turbidimeter. A device for collecting the eroded particles, at selected time intervals, is installed in the downstream part of the device. In this study we performed a series of tests on coarse cohesionless soil. In this type of material, erosion is manifested by suffusion. It corresponds to the detachment and transport of fine particles through the pore space of the coarse particles. First, a cohesionless soil reconstitution protocol is developed. The idea is to make wet mixtures with water content depending on the fine particle content. To overcome some problems encountered in carrying out the tests, the device is arranged vertically, and the materials tested are reconstituted from mixtures of sand particles. A parametric study on the influence of several parameters such as particle size distribution, flow pressure, nature and content of clay particles and initial density are conducted. The results show that the erodibility of the material depends on the shape of the particle size distribution. Indeed erosion is more pronounced for materials containing less fine particles. This erodability is more pronounced when the curve is gap-graded. Erodibility of the tested soils increases with the hydraulic load. The addition of clay particles increases the resistance to suffusion of the soils. Three categories of clayed or fine soils are tested: illite (Argile Verte de Velay), kaolinite (Speswhite), and crushed sand (C10). The results show that materials containing illite are more resistant to suffusion than materials containing kaolinite, whereas materials containing crushed sand are less resistant. This resistance to suffusion increases with clay particle content. The erosion of materials also depends on the initial density of the soil tested. Indeed, for the same applied pressure, the quantity of eroded particles decreases with increasing the initial density

A comprehensive experimental program dealing with three-dimensional overtopping and breach development as well as two-dimensional overtopping physical tests of noncohesive earth embankments has been conducted on scale models in the Hydraulic Laboratory at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Ottawa. The experimental program which consisted of three phases focused on geotechnical and hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism. The first two phases focused on two test series for the three-dimensional breach overtopping tests: drainage and compaction. The test series were designed to determine the embankment breach characteristics using test parameters which have not been adequately identified or controlled in past noncohesive physical models: initial soil-water state and optimum dry unit weight. Both parameters were controlled in laboratory tests by means of compaction effort and seepage through the embankment body, respectively. The dynamic compaction technique employed in the preliminary experimental phase was refined to represent a more realistic method. A novel method was thus designed to simulate the construction of a real-size prototype embankment, where a vibratory and static load was used to apply and control, respectively, the compaction effort. The hydraulic aspects of the embankment breach mechanism were also investigated. For the first time, scale series tests have been used to assess the Froude criterion using tilted and quasi-exact geometric scales under very low inflow within the scope of three-dimensional breach overtopping. Data measurements included a time-history of water surface levels and video footage captured from three locations: upstream, downstream and above the embankment models. The analysis for the spatial breach overtopping tests involved measurement of the breach outflow hydrograph and breach channel evolution at the upstream slope, using hydrologic routing and a developed photogrammetric technique using the video footage, respectively. An expression which estimates the breach outflow based on this apparent upstream control section was therefore derived. The relationship between the measured and estimated breach outflow was expressed in terms of breach discharge efficiency. The third phase of the experimental program was comprised of two-dimensional overtopping tests to investigate the erodibility of a steep slope in overtopped noncohesive embankment models. A novel experimental two-dimensional configuration used to measure the pore-water-pressures within the embankment model body was developed using micro and standard tensiometer-transducer-probe assemblies, designed, assembled and tested at the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory. A transient flownet analysis was developed using ArcGIS and the time-history of the pore-water-pressure measurements. All flow parameters were computed using the free water surface and bed profiles captured using a photogrammetric technique and the developed hydrologic routing method. Using the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations, an analytical expression for the bed shear stress was derived to take into account the effects of unsteady flow, boundary seepage and steep slopes. Using the measured erosion rates and the sediment continuity principle, the bed mobility relationship expressed by the Shields and transport parameters was revisited to account for the effects of unsteady and supercritical flow on a downstream steep slope in the presence of boundary seepage. This novel transient flownet approach will lead to the development of new sediment mobility relationships for breach flows, instead of the classical sediment transport-capacity formulations which are based on steady, subcritical and normal flow conditions.

Au Québec, les barrages poids en béton de plus de cinquante ans sont particulièrement étudiés depuis le séisme du Saguenay (1988, 6,2 sur l’échelle de Richter) car ils n’avaient pas été dimensionnés pour de tels aléas. Dans les codes de calculs de fiabilité d’Hydro-Québec, différents paramètres relatifs à la morphologie de l’ouvrage ainsi que des paramètres physiques et mécaniques sont nécessaires. Parmi ces derniers, la résistance au cisaillement des interfaces (béton-béton, béton-roche et roche-roche) du barrage est particulièrement importante car elle conditionne en grande partie le coefficient de sécurité. De plus, il est communément admis que la rugosité des épontes des discontinuités rocheuses conditionne le comportement mécanique en cisaillement. Cette étude se décompose en deux volets : une étude d’échantillons prélevés sur deux barrages et la réalisation d’un contact roche-béton artificiel. Tout d’abord, à partir d’essais de cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante, réalisés sur des contacts provenant de deux barrages d’hydro-Québec, l’étude en composantes principales des paramètres mécaniques et de rugosité a été menée afin de déterminer les paramètres prépondérants (Z2, Z4, Étendue). De plus, une classification de terrain des discontinuités est proposée. Cette dernière repose sur différents paramètres tels que l’angularité de la surface, le remplissage ou encore l’oxydation des épontes. Le contact roche-béton artificiel, réalisé au cours de ce travail, a été étudié dans sa globalité par différents moyens statistique et géostatistique, afin de décrire le plus précisément possible sa rugosité de surface. Une fois cette dernière connue, un plan de carottage au carottier de 150 mm de diamètre a été décidé. Les zones prélevées sont celles présentant des particularités de rugosité, comme par exemple, une angularité forte. Une fois le carottage effectué, les échantillons ont été soumis à un essai de cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante. Il en résulte une étude des paramètres mécaniques et de rugosité ainsi qu’une prise en compte de l’effet d’échelle. / In Quebec, the concrete dams over fifty years are systematically studied since the Saguenay earthquake (1988, 6.2 on the Richter scale) because they were not sized for such hazards. For calculation of the reliability codes for Hydro-Quebec structures, different parameters on the morphology of structure and the physical and mechanical parameters are needed. Among these, the shear strength of interfaces (concrete-concrete, concrete-rock rock-rock) is particularly important because it determines the safety factor in large part. Moreover, it is commonly accepted that the roughness of the surfaces of rock discontinuities determines the mechanical behavior in shear. This study is divided into two parts: a study of taking samples from two dams of Hydro-Quebec and the conception of an artificial rock-concrete contact. Firstly, from shear tests realized under constant normal load, achieved on contacts from two dams, the principal component study of mechanical and roughness parameters was conducted to determine the parameters dominate (Z2, Z4, Extent). In addition, a field classification of discontinuities is proposed. The latter depends on various parameters such as the angularity of the surface, filling or oxidation of the surfaces of the discontinuity. Artificial rock-concrete contact has been studied in its entirety by various statistical and geostatistical methods in order to describe as precisely as possible its surface roughness. Once the last known, a map of coring with a 150 mm diameter core sampler has been decided. The collected areas are those with features of roughness, for example, a high angularity. Once the coring performed, samples were tested for shear resistance under a constant normal load. It follows a study of mechanical and roughness parameter and an underline of scale effect.

This diploma thesis deals with design of soil erosion control measures and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice. The request for construction came from the village Palkovice. It sits at the foothills of Beskydy with a very sloping terrain. In addition, there are larger soil complexes without any erosion control measures, which leads to degradation and reduction of soil yields. The introduction summarizes desired objectives. Then thesis deals with the description and analysis of the current state of the village and its solution. The solution of technical measures is depicted in the situation and elaborated in more detail. The drawings are enclosed in attachment. The conclusion summarizes the content of the work, achieved goals and benefits.