The father's role in families where there has been domestic violence is now known to have significance impact on future intergenerational abuse (Dutton, 1998). Fathers who shame and physically abuse their sons are putting these young boys at risk for becoming potential abusers. However, even though this risk factor is known, the literature review conducted through this study shows the absence of information on the father/child relationship. Also absent was a knowledge on parenting groups available for these men. In attempting to address this gap in the research and to gain a better understanding of how these fathers experienced the parenting group, I realized I first needed to understand how these men experienced their lives. Using interpretive inquiry, three men were interviewed about their understanding of their life experiences. The men chosen for the research had a history of domestic abuse within the family. Data collection included observations made during the parenting group, profiles gathered from intake files, and transcripts from the interviews. The data were analyzed for themes, patterns, confirmations, and contradictions, and then interpreted to reconstruct the men's stories. The findings of the study indicate several topics common to all three men: custody, visitation, the role of the father, emotional functioning, and past and present relationships. Interwoven among the topics were the themes of inefficacy, personal care, emotional nurturance and attachment, and awareness of the way they use language. Their stories echo the same message: they love their children and want to be with them. / ix, 151 leaves ; 29 cm.

In this article I examine the representations of South African Indian women in Farida Karodia's Daughters of the Twilight and Shamim Sarif's the world unseen. My contention is that each author chooses a different mode of representation and that certain features of these representations suggest both the different relationship each author has with South Africa and the differences in the times of production of the novels. Thus while both novels are set in the 1950s, Karodia, whose site of enunciation is the 'interregnum' in the 1980s, imagines the agency of her women quite differently from Sarif, who writes from a 'post-anti-apartheid' site of enunciation in the late 1990s. I analyse and compare the relationships between characters (men and women; women and women) and look at the cultural and political significance of mixed-race figures, concentrating on uncovering the mechanisms of power and their effects. I read these against a politico-historical context of the setting and that of the times and places of production. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the social sciences about the challenging nature of care labor as well as feminist discussions about the role of the daughter in Victorian culture. It explores the literary presence of the middle class managing daughter in the Victorian home. Collectively, the novels in this study articulate social anxieties about the unclear and unstable role of daughters in the family, the physically and emotionally challenging work they, and all women, do, and the struggle for daughters to find a place in a family hierarchy, which is often structured not by effort or affection, but by proscribed traditional roles, which do not easily adapt to managing daughters, even if they are the ones holding the family together. The managing daughter is a problem not accounted for in any conventional domestic structure or ideology so there is no role, no clear set of responsibilities and no boundaries that could, and arguably should, define her obligations, offer her opportunities for empowerment, or set necessary limits on the broad cultural mandate she has to comfort and care others. The extremes she is often pushed to reveals the stresses and hidden conflicts for authority and autonomy inherent in domestic labor without the iconic angel in the house rhetoric that so often masks the difficulties of domestic life for women. She gains no authority or stability no matter how loving or even how necessary she is to a family because there simply is no position in the parental family structure for her. The managing daughter thus reveals a deep crack in the structure of the traditional Victorian family by showing that it often cannot accommodate, protect, or validate a loving non-traditional family member because it values traditional hierarchies over emotion or effort. Yet, in doing so, it also suggests that if it is position not passion that matters, then as long as a woman assumes the right position in the family then deep emotional connections to others are not necessary for her to care competently for others.

Adult attitudes toward the Barbie dolls are ambivalent, with many saying they encourage a variety of undesirable tendencies. This paper looks at the dramatic play that actually occurs with the dolls, much of it involving the normal behavior that one would expect in children who are becoming enculturated through imitation of the adult behavior they see around them. But also common is play that most adults would think of as unconventional or deviant. To what extent are parents, particularly mothers, aware of this? How does this play relate to enculturation? Does it serve other functions? And what implications does it have for the age at which children should be given Barbies and the need for adult supervision or instruction of the children? This thesis describes the types of play engaged in and considers possible answers to the questions raised above. / Department of Anthropology

Recent work using low-doses of ionising radiations, both in vitro and in ViVO, has suggested that the responses of biological systems in the region of less than 1 Gray may not be predicted by simple extrapolation from the responses at higher doses. Additional experiments, using high-LET radiations at doses of much less than one alpha particle traversal per cell nucleus, have shown responses in a greater number of cells than have received a radiation dose. These findings, and increased concern over the effects of the exposure of the general population to low-levels of background radiation, for example due to radon daughters in the lungs, have stimulated the investigation of the response of mammalian cells to ionising radiations in the extreme low-dose region. In all broad field exposures to particulate radiations at low-dose levels an inherent dose uncertainty exists due to random counting statistics. This dose variation produces a range of values for the measured biological effect within the irradiated population, therefore making the elucidation of the dose-effect relationship extremely difficult. The use of the microbeam irradiation technique will allow the delivery of a controlled number of particles to specific targets within an individual cell with a high degree of accuracy. This approach will considerably reduce the level of variation of biological effect within the irradiated cell population and will allow low-dose responses of cellular systems to be determined. In addition, the proposed high spatial resolution of the microbeam developed will allow the investigation of the distribution of radiation sensitivity within the cell, to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of radiation action. The target parameters for the microbeam at the Gray Laboratory are a spatial resolution of less than 1 urn and a detection efficiency of better than 99 %. The work of this thesis was to develop a method of collimation, in order to produce a microbeam of 3.5 MeV protons, and to develop a detector to be used in conjunction with the collimation system. In order to determine the optimum design of collimator necessary to produce a proton microbeam, a computer simulation based upon a Monte-Carlo simulation code, written by Dr S J Watts, was developed. This programme was then used to determine the optimum collimator length and the effects of misalignment and divergence of the incident proton beam upon the quality of the collimated beam produced. Designs for silicon collimators were produced, based upon the results of these simulations, and collimators were subsequently produced for us using techniques of micro-manufacturing developed in the semiconductor industry. Other collimator designs were also produced both in-house and commercially, using a range of materials. These collimators were tested to determine both the energy and spatial resolutions of the transmitted proton beam produced. The best results were obtained using 1.6 mm lengths of 1.5 µm diameter bore fused silica tubing. This system produced a collimated beam having a spatial resolution with 90 % of the transmitted beam lying within a diameter of 2.3 ± 0.9 µm and with an energy spectrum having 75 % of the transmitted protons within a Gaussian fit to the full-energy peak. Detection of the transmitted protons was achieved by the use of a scintillation transmission detector mounted over the exit aperture of the collimator. An approximately 10 urn thick ZnS(Ag) crystal was mounted between two 30 urn diameter optical fibres and the light emitted from the crystal transmitted along the fibres to two photomultiplier tubes. The signals from the tubes were analyzed, using coincidence counting techniques, by means of electronics designed by Dr B Vojnovic. The lowest counting inefficiencies obtained using this approach were a false positive count level of 0.8 ± 0.1 % and an uncounted proton level of 0.9 ± 0.3 %. The elements of collimation and detection were then combined in a rugged microbeam assembly, using a fused silica collimator having a bore diameter of 5 urn and a scintillator crystal having a thickness of - 15 µm. The microbeam produced by this initial assembly had a spatial resolution with 90 % of the transmitted protons lying within a diameter of 5.8 ± 1.6 µm, and counting inefficiencies of 0.27 ± 0.22 % and 1.7 ± 0.4 % for the levels of false positive and missed counts respectively. The detector system in this assembly achieves the design parameter of 99 % efficiency, however, the spatial resolution of the beam is not at the desired I urn level. The diameter of the microbeam beam produced is less than the nuclear diameter of many cell lines and so the beam may be used to good effect in the low-dose irradiation of single cells. In order to investigate the variation in sensitivity within a cell the spatial resolution of the beam would require improvement. Proposed methods by which this may be achieved are described.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka mödrars upplevelser av hur överföring mellan mor och dotter kan se ut gällande kroppsuppfattning och utseende, samt hur överföringen kunde påverkas genom medvetna val i mödrars eget förhållningssätt till sina kroppar. Tidigare forskningsresultat visade att moderns förhållningssätt till den egna kroppen i relation till kost och motion påverkade döttrarnas ätbeteende. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna var Bowlbys teorier kring anknytning, Meads den generaliserade och signifikante andre, Bourdieus begrepp hexis samt Chodorows teorier om modersfunktionen. Fem intervjuer med mödrar, i åldern 35-45 år genomfördes. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in för att senare transkriberas. Det transkriberade materialet kodades systematiskt och tematiskt. Resultatet visade att mödrar till döttrar medvetet upplever att en överföring sker gällande tankar och känslor inför den egna kroppen. Denna medvetenhet hos modern genererade strategier för att försöka förhindra överföring av negativa känslor och tankar kring kropp och utseende till dottern. / This study aimed to explore how mothers, with daughters, experienced the transmission between the two according to opinions about their bodies and appearance. The study also explored the possibility of influencing this transmission according to how the mother decided to talk and behave with regard to their bodies and appearance. The results of previous research showed that the mother's attitude to their own bodies in relation to diet and exercise influenced their daughters' eating behaviors. The theoretical bases for the study were Bowlby’s attachment theory, Mead’s the generalized and significant other, Bourdieu’s hexis and Chodorow’s the reproduction of mothering. Five interviews were conducted with mothers of daughters, ranging in ages from 35-45. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcribed material was analyzed thematically. The results showed that mothers with daughters experience a transmission of the thoughts and feelings about the body. This awareness generated strategies to prevent negative thoughts and feelings surrounding appearance and body image for daughters.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3485. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-132).

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Isobel Contento. Dissertation Committee: Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-260).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2003. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-191).