Humor builds the ground to share the common and the uncommon, to ease the uneasiness, to laugh at oneself and the other. It is amusing and rebellious, revealing the obvious from the obscure and challenging the unchallenged. The purpose of this Master thesis is to examine the subversive humor use within Deaf communities, centered around the hearing society, as well as to explore subversive humor’s role in reinforcing the Deaf identity and resisting the often assigned otherness. Taken the form of a case study this thesis analyses two examples: a short film The Kiss, produced by Charlie Swinbourne and the series of graphical drawings from Tais, created by Alícia Sort Leal. Using visual analysis and close reading as analytical methods as well as classical (Superiority, Incongruity, Relief) and contemporary (Reversal) humor theories, this thesis provides an insight into reflective and mirroring effects of humor.

This research employed a case study approach to understand emerging themes that may be garnered through documenting the lived experiences of online Deaf activists who have used the video feature available through social media outlets, such as YouTube, as a way to overcome the language barrier typically present for linguistic minorities who are leading social movements within an English-speaking, hearing majority. The focus of this study was the members of the Deaf Community that have taken to an online podium in their fight for autonomy and equality. They champion their Deaf identity, their right to agency and autonomy in areas of language, access, education and employment, in what has exploded into the largest social movement in their cultural history. Therefore, two questions were at the center of this research: 1. "How has experiencing audism affected the lives of Deaf people?", and 2. "How has the use of social media as a platform to fight against audism through natural linguistic expression in American Sign Language impacted that experience?". The growth of individual Deaf identity has created a community action network for the Deaf Community, and access to the technology of videophones and instant access to wireless Internet has brought with it the use of video blogs, or vlogs, within the Deaf Community at explosive rates. The movement from disability to a place of diversity and cultural, ethnic and linguistic minority personhood for the Deaf is a path that is still being forged. Presented in this study is a glimpse into this journey, through a case study of their lived experience.

(in English): The final thesis "Didactics of English language for the deaf at secondary schools" tries to find out what methods of lessons and communication would be the most useful for the deaf during English lessons them to pass the final exam at secondary schools. This final thesis was written because of the lack of materials for the deaf. In the Czech Republic there are neither didactics nor methods, manuals on how to teach English to the deaf at secondary schools. Therefore, this thesis could be used as a methodology for the English teachers of the deaf at secondary schools. The theoretical part of the final thesis focuses on the terminology. It points out that the Deaf belongs to the language-cultural minority. There are also shown that different ways of communication that can be used in terms of the deaf. One part is focused on the English final exam. In the last part there are mentioned some specific methods which can be used for teaching English to the deaf. The practical part follows the theoretical part and concentrates on the methods of teaching and the ways of communication with the deaf during English lessons at a secondary school. To reach our goal the qualitative research was chosen. Our respondents were deaf students of one secondary school for the deaf, Deaf graduates and hearing...

Språkets betydelse för människans utveckling är viktig för individens utveckling. Språket ger oss möjligheten till en god kognitiv förmåga och vägleder oss fram till vår identitet och personlighet. Genom språket uttrycker vi vem vi är och vad vi vill. Men vad händer om språket inte blir en självklarhet och om vi inte får tillgång till det? Den här studien handlar om vilken betydelse språket har för döva, hörselskadade och personer med cochleaimplantat och vad som händer om de inte får tillgång till det språk de är i behov av. / Importance of language in human development is important for the individuals. The language allows us to good cognitive performance, and guides us to our identity and personality. Through language we express who we are and what we want. But what if the language doesn’t become a matter of course and if we do not have access to it? This study deals with the role of language to deaf, hearing impaired and people with cochlear implants and what happens if they do not have access to the language they need.

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This study investigates the news discourses to find out how deaf people and/or deafness is represented and analyses how the discourses might be affected by or influence common attitudes and prejudices about deaf people and/or deafness. First, however, this study analysed the contents of the news articles quantitatively in order to find frequencies of different news topics with references to deaf people and/or deafness and whether deaf people were allowed to talk or not. After the content analysis, ten articles were selected for the discourse analysis.   The results of the content analysis show that deaf people are represented and allowed to talk in most of the articles, but that hearing people are also represented in a majority of the articles. Most articles are about culture and personalities, but there are also articles about for example sign language and hearing devices. Most deaf people are represented as individuals, but they are also represented as representatives for the deaf and as both individuals and representatives.   The discourse analysis shows that deaf people are represented as a linguistic and cultural minority in both cultural and personal discourses but represented as broken and in need of being fixed for integration in society in medical discourses. In medical discourses, only experts talk about deafness and no deaf people are represented. In other discourses, both deaf and hearing people talk about deaf people, sign language and deaf culture. In some of the discourses, however, it is clear that deaf people are represented from the hearing viewpoint on deafness. There were discursive discrimination of deafness in medical discourses but occurred rarely in other discourses except when the medical view on deafness is present. Deaf people are represented as a minority distinct from the hearing majority in most articles and some of the cultural discourses show attempts to build a bridge between the deaf world and the hearing society. The majority of the discourses point to pluralism as a social practice but some of those discourses also point to inclusion and exclusion as social practices. The medical discourses however point to both assimilation and exclusion as social practices.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a história de vida de alunos surdos, matriculados em instituições de ensino superior na cidade de São Paulo, contada por eles mesmos, por meio da Língua de Sinais, a língua natural dos surdos. Para compor o material de estudo, objeto deste trabalho, foram entrevistados quatro alunos surdos, matriculados em instituições de ensino superior e do setor privado e também um professor universitário, também surdo, que leciona a língua brasileira de sinais - Libras em uma universidade da cidade de São Paulo. As entrevistas dos alunos contaram com a participação de um intérprete de Libras, enquanto o professor de Libras preferiu o método oral para responder às nossas perguntas, que tiveram como objetivo conhecer as suas histórias de vida em cinco aspectos, os quais não foram abordados necessariamente na ordem aqui colocada: família, infância, escola, comunicação e surdez. O objetivo foi o de conhecer a vivência dos entrevistados em cada um desses aspectos e como a surdez influenciou suas vidas nessas esferas, e, como também cada um relata suas experiências de vida. Os relatos mostraram que ser surdo em uma sociedade composta por uma maioria ouvinte, representou uma condição de desvantagem em um ou mais dos aspectos abordados, sendo que a falta de comunicação foi a principal dificuldade apontada por todos os entrevistados. A riqueza dos relatos aparece nas formas como eles contaram as suas vidas e na ênfase que cada um colocou nos diferentes aspectos abordados. As singularidades desses relatos revelaram que os surdos compõem um grupo social distinto, não apenas devido à sua condição física que os impossibilita de ouvir os estímulos sonoros, mas sobretudo pela forma como se inserem e interagem em um ambiente majoriatariamente ouvinte. Nesta interação ocorre a singularidade da pessoa por meio do comunicação por sinais ou oral. / The objective of this study was to know more about the life and background of deaf students enrolled in higher education institutions located in the city of São Paulo. Each student presented his report in sign language - the deaf\'s natural language. To compose the study material object of this work, four deaf students in private higher education institutions and a deaf professor, who teaches brazilian sign language - Libras in a University in São Paulo, were interviewed. A Libras interpreter took part in the students\' interviews. The professor preferred the oral method in order to answer the questions. The questions targeted at five aspects on their life, not necessarily approached in the order presented: family, childhood, school, communication and deafness. The goal was to approach the interviewees\' experience in each of the aspects and how each one reports his life experiences. The narratives estate that being deaf in a society composed by a majority of listeners represented a disadvantage at one or more of the approached aspects. The shortage of communication was presented as the main difficulty by all interviewees. The richness of the narratives appears in the means they told their stories and the emphasis on the different approached aspects. The reports\' singularity reveals that the deaf can be classified as a distinct social group, not only for their physical condition, which prevents them from hearing, but specially, by the way they are inserted and interact in a mostly common hearing environment, without implying a denial of one\'s singularity.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-09-03T15:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Tiago Ferreira Belo_.pdf: 1833614 bytes, checksum: b2f148b578d0b7d9a9de2254fd03d058 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T15:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Tiago Ferreira Belo_.pdf: 1833614 bytes, checksum: b2f148b578d0b7d9a9de2254fd03d058 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROEX - Programa de Excelência Acadêmica / A presente Dissertação apresenta uma análise de representações que os surdos fazem sobre a língua de sinais a partir da rede social Facebook. Para tanto, foram tomadas como base as reflexões de Stuart Hall, sobretudo as relacionadas à constituição das culturas e à representação. A partir dessas reflexões, o conceito de representação foi utilizado como uma ferramenta teórico-metodológica. Desta forma, foram analisadas publicações em grupos e páginas do Facebook com grande concentração de surdos. Essas publicações realizadas por surdos se apresentam em forma de postagens ou comentários, em língua brasileira de sinais ou em português escrito, contendo depoimentos públicos de surdos usuários do Facebook. Com base nas análises do material, constituído por vídeos, textos e imagens compartilhadas no Facebook, percebeu-se que a importância atribuída à língua de sinais pelos surdos vem sendo representada como um ícone de uma comunidade visual; como sinônimo de identidade Surda; como língua surda própria; como instrumento de acessibilidade; como língua brasileira; e como possibilidade de empoderamento surdo. Os surdos ainda têm gerado mais contato entre eles a partir do uso do Facebook, se esforçam na busca de mais tecnologias nessa rede social, a partir do uso de mídias audiovisuais em que seja possível registrar a língua de sinais, como também por meio de aplicativos on-line de conversação dentro do Facebook. / This dissertation presents an analysis of representations that the deaf do on the sign language from the social network Facebook. For that, the reflections of Stuart Hall, mainly those related to the constitution of the cultures and the representation, were taken as base. From these reflections, the concept of representation was used as a theoretical-methodological tool. In this way, publications were analyzed in groups and Facebook pages with a high concentration of deaf people. These publications by the deaf appear in the form of posts or comments, in Brazilian sign language or in written Portuguese, containing public testimonies of deaf Facebook users. Based on the analysis of the material, made up of videos, texts and images shared on Facebook, it was noticed that the importance given to sign language by deaf people has been represented as an icon of a visual community; As a synonym for Deaf identity; As a deaf tongue itself; As an instrument of accessibility; As a Brazilian language; And as a possibility of deaf empowerment. The deaf have still generated more contact between them from the use of Facebook, strive to find more technologies in this social network, from the use of audiovisual media in which it is possible to register the sign language, as well as through applications Online conversation within Facebook.