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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Economic development and de-carbonization paths: Micro and macro perspectives from Indonesia

Irfany, Mohammad Iqbal 14 November 2014 (has links)
Die drei Essays dieser Dissertation verbinden Themen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und des Klimawandels. Alle Essays erörtern die allgemeine Frage wie steigende Einkommen und Austauschbeziehungen in Umweltfragen verbunden werden können und konzentrieren sich dabei auf CO2 Emissionen als Hauptverursacher von Treibhausgasen. Die Forschungsarbeit beleuchtet die wesentlichen Treiber und Verteilungswege von CO2 Emissionen und zeigt wie wirtschaftliches Wachstum, Energieverbrauch und Emissionen interagieren. Im ersten Essay wird am Beispiel Indonesiens der ökologische Fußabdruck von Haushalten durch ihre Konsumentscheidung aufgezeigt. Es werden Muster, Determinanten und die Aufschlüsselung der steigenden Emissionen der Haushalte analysiert. Die Arbeit konnte zeigen, dass die Sektoren mit Leichtöl und im Transportwesen die intensivsten Emittenten in Indonesien sind und ein signifikantes Ungleichgewicht der Karbon-Emissionen zwischen Haushalten besteht. Sie konnte zudem darlegen, dass ein steigendes Einkommen die wichtigste Determinante der Haushaltsemissionen sind. Die Aufschlüsselung des Emissionswachstums legt nahe, dass die steigenden Emissionen zwischen 2005 und 2009 hauptsächlich auf den steigenden Wohlstand der Haushalte zurückzuführen sind.  Eine gerechtere Haushaltsverteilung besitzt -wie jedes Emissionsreduzierungskonzept- einen größeren Effekt zur Abschwächung des Klimawandels in einer Gesellschaft mit weniger Ungleichheit als in einer Gesellschaft mit verstärkter Ungleichheit.  Im zweiten Essay wurde die Ungleichheit von Haushalts-Emissionen und die Aufschlüsselung der Emissionsungleichheiten in ihre Ursachen untersucht.. Die Studie zeigt einerseits eine steigende Ungleichheit unter den untersuchten Haushalten als auch dass Energie-Transport hauptsächlich für höhere Emissionsungleichheit verantwortlich ist. Der dritte Essay untersucht kausale Zusammenhänge zwischen Emissionen, Energieverbrauch und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung gemeinsam mit Urbanisierung und Investitionen im Falle von Indonesien unter Verwendung von Zeitreihenanalyse. Diese Studie zeigt eine Granger-Kausalität von Output und Energieverbrauch hin zu Emissionen, aber nicht in die entgegengesetzte Richtung von Emissionen zu Output. Dies weist darauf hin die Möglichkeit Emissionen zu reduzieren ohne Wachstum zu hemmen. Damit könnte Energieverbrauch die hauptsächlich verändernde Variable zwischen Output und Emissionen sein. Urbanisierung und Kapitalformation können CO2 neutral sein, wenn das betreffende Land nachhaltige städtische Entwicklung, grüne Investitionen und Energieeffizienz zur Entschärfung des Klimawandels fördert. Jeder dieser Essays trägt zu der Literatur dazu bei, wie ökonomische Aktivitäten (wie steigender Konsum) steigende Emissionen - eine der wichtigsten Externalitäten menschlicher Entwicklung - bedingen. Andersherum könnte Umweltzerstörung (und/oder entschärfende Maßnahmen) weitere Entwicklung menschlichen Wohlbefindens erschweren. Passende Politikmaßnahmen, der Konsum in Richtung von weniger emissionsintensiven Ausgaben stimulieren, könnten implementiert werden. Aber insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern, die mit Energieeffizienz (CO2 intensive Energiesysteme), ungenügend grünen Infrastrukturen, Städteplanung, öffentlichem Nahverkehr und hohen (und ungünstig gezielte) Treibstoffsubventionen zu kämpfen haben, könnte dies schwierig werden. Diese Themen könnten dann nicht nur für Indonesien als entwickelnde Ökonomie sondern auch bei globalen Debatten dazu beitragen, wie Entwicklungspfade weniger kohlenstoffintensiv gestaltet werden können und damit substantielle Bedeutung erlangen.
22

The decarbonization identity and pathways to net-zero

Pfeiffer, Alexander Jan Lukas January 2018 (has links)
Success or failure of climate policies in limiting warming to beneath particular thresholds depends on several physical, economic and social uncertainties. Whilst scenario analysis can be informative as to the types of policies that are required to achieve these goals, the complexity of scenario analysis often masks the underlying fundamental choices. This dissertation introduces the concept of the ‘decarbonization identity' to simply and systematically describe the mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive range of choices available in future climate policy decisions. The simple identity states that the remaining carbon budget [B] for a given level of warming can be partitioned into four areas: the already committed 'baked-in' emissions from existing capital stock [E]; new commitments arising from investments in additional capital stock yet to be made [N]; less the stranding of existing or future capital stock [S]; and the additional atmospheric space created by negative emissions technologies (NETs) [A]. This dissertation finds that currently operating electricity generators [E] would already emit more CO2 (~300 GtCO<sub>2</sub>) then is compatible with currently available generation-only carbon budgets [B] for a temperature rise of 1.5-2°C (~240 GtCO<sub>2</sub>). In addition, the current pipeline of planned fossil fuel power plants would add almost the same amount [N] of emission commitments (~270 GtCO<sub>2</sub>) to this capital stock again. Finally, these carbon budgets are inherently uncertain and depend on future, yet to be achieved, reductions of short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) emissions. Should those reductions not be achieved today's remaining carbon budgets could be up to 37% smaller. Policymakers have now five choices to achieve the Paris climate goals: (1) protect and enhance carbon budgets by early and decisive action on SLCPs; (2) retrofit existing power generators with carbon capture and storage (3) ensure that no new polluting capital stock is added; (4) strand a considerable amount of global electricity generation capacity; and (5) create additional atmospheric space by scaling up NETs. Over the coming years and decades, the challenge will be to identify the most efficient balance of these options.
23

Ein Forschungsneubau in Freiberg für 41,5 Mio. Euro - Zentrum für effiziente Hochtemperatur-Stoffumwandlung (ZeHS)

Meyer, Dirk C., Lemser, Theresa January 2015 (has links)
Im Zeitraum der Jahre 2012 bis 2015 beteiligte sich die TU Bergakademie Freiberg mit einem Antrag für ein \\\"Zentrum für effiziente Hochtemperatur- Stoffwandlung\\\" (ZeHS) am Wettbewerb um eine Förderempfehlung für Forschungsbauten an Hochschulen gemäß Art. 91b GG. Nach der erfolgreichen Verteidigung vor dem Wissenschaftsrat und der Bestätigung durch die gemeinsame Wissenschaftskonferenz des Bundes und der Länder stehen der Universität in den Jahren 2015 bis 2020 41,5 Mio. Euro für die Baukosten und die Beschaffung ausgewählter Großgeräte zur Verfügung. Der Forschungsbau, der für Wissenschaftler aller Fakultäten der TU Bergakademie Freiberg offen ist, ermöglicht die strukturelle Bündelung der an der Universität in den Bereichen Hochtemperatur-Prozesse und -Materialien in einzigartiger Weise vorhandenen Kompetenzen. Der Fokus des ZeHS liegt auf der Entwicklung innovativer, ressourcen- und energieeffizienter Technologien im Bereich der Grundstoffindustrie, wobei Prozess- und Materialanforderungen in der Chemischen Industrie, der Metallurgie sowie der Keramik-, Glas- und Baustoffindustrie zusammenhängend betrachtet werden und die Ergebnisse auch auf andere Branchen übertragbar sind.
24

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE INTEGRATED GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR DE-CARBONIZATION

Liang Shi (13269246) 30 April 2023 (has links)
<p>To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, shifting the energy sources used in buildings, transportation, industry, etc., from fossil fuels to clean electricity is a trend. The increasing electricity demand stresses the existing electric grids. Buildings consume 73% of all U.S. electricity and are responsible for 30% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.  Residential and commercial buildings' space heating/cooling system consumes considerable electricity. Integrating thermal energy storage (TES) in building heating/cooling systems can mitigate the challenge of electric grids. Applying TES to existing air-source heat pump (ASHP) systems is the most studied for residential buildings. However, the high-quality thermal energy requirement for charging the TES tank results in low thermal performance of the ASHP system. Moreover, the failure of ASHP in cold climates requires a supplemental electric heater that significantly reduces the system efficiency and may lead to a higher annual peak for the grids.</p> <p>This study proposes integrating TES with ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems as a more effective solution for building decarbonization due to the high efficiency of renewable-energy-based GSHPs year-round. This study focuses on proving the effectiveness of TES-integrated GSHPs for building decarbonization.  A dual-source heat pump (DSHP) with a hybrid TES and ground heat exchanger (GHE) named dual-purpose underground thermal battery (DPUTB) is investigated. The study uses modeling and experiments to verify the system's energy efficiency, decarbonization potential, and demand response capability. The modeling process involves developing various models, from component-level to system-level, and investigating advanced control strategies. A first-of-this-kind dynamic model of the DPUTB is developed to enable high-resolution system simulation for the GSHP system. The simulation is conducted using Modelica with rule-based control (RBC). A model predictive control (MPC) is also developed based on dynamic building envelope and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system models. A cutting-edge co-simulation testbed integrates Modelica physical models with a MATLAB MPC controller model for advanced control evaluation. A prototype system of the DPUTB+DSHP is tested in a flexible research platform (FRP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which allows for component and system-level testing and remote automation controls. </p> <p>The study highlights the importance of proper insulation in the performance of the DPUTB, which consists of a TES tank enclosed by an outer tank functioning as a GHE. With appropriate insulation, a full-size DPUTB can store 1-ton cooling (3.5 kW) for four hours after eight hours of charging. Simulation results suggest that decoupling the TES with the GHE could reduce energy consumption by 27%.  System-level simulations confirm that the DSHP+DPUTB system, with a customized RBC, outperforms the conventional ASHP. The proposed system can reduce the annual HVAC electricity cost by up to 50% while saving 45% on electricity consumption. In the Northern areas of the United States, the annual peak load of the HVAC system can be reduced by 60%.  However, this reduction is less in the Southern parts of the as the system's higher efficiency in winter dominates the overall decrease. The application of MPC can further reduce the cost and energy consumption of the system by 35% theoretically. However, the accuracy of model prediction affects its performance in practical applications, which can be mitigated by employing technologies such as machine learning and reinforcement learning. Further research is required to verify these technologies.</p> <p>The DSHP+DPUTB system, a type of TES-integrated GSHP, has been well-designed and demonstrated superior performance to conventional systems, with greater flexibility and thermal efficiency. As a result, this system can enable electrification in the space heating sector without requiring an escalation in the grid. Moreover, alternative controls can be utilized to exploit its decarbonization potential fully.</p>
25

Techno-economic analysis and design of the charging infrastructure for Electric Heavy Vehicles in Oskarshamn

Cassany Espinosa, Joan January 2023 (has links)
Within the most pollutants industries, the energy sector is the most significant contributor to climate change, representing two-thirds of the total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. One of the main responsible for these emissions is transportation, which accounts for 26% of the world’s energy consumption, with crude oil-derived products providing more than 90% of this energy. In Europe, the transport sector is the only sector that has experienced an upward trend of GHG emissions between 1990 and 2017, opposite to all others, such as agriculture, residential, or industry. To cut these growing GHG emissions, transport electrification has been presented as a potential and promising solution for decarbonization thanks to the no tail-pipe emissions and the possibility of using renewable energy to power them. One particularly interesting segment of the transport sector is Heavy Duty Trucks (HDTs) used for freight transport. HDTs are the backbone of the Swedish economy and competitiveness since they represent 45% of its total goods transportation. However, the Swedish transmission grid needs to evolve parallelly to cope with the increase in electricity demand and withstand the Charging Infrastructure (CI) necessary for the electrification of HDTs. Oskarshamn is a Swedish municipality that presents a high potential for electrification of its HDTs, which are currently operated with diesel. Therefore, the objective of this Master Thesis is to study the implementation of Electric Heavy Vehicles (EHVs) CI in Oskarshamn by collaborating with local interested stakeholders. The study is conducted through an analysis of the current status of EHV technologies, as well as CI possibilities, which, together with the information provided by truck operators from Oskarshamn, allows to perform a techno-economic assessment of the solution and analyze the business model of its operation. A virtual model is created with Python to simulate the actual operating conditions, which uses all the information gathered and optimizes the CI design while fulfilling all its transport requirements. Additionally, the study seeks to identify potential areas for shared ownership of the CI to increase the project's feasibility. This project’s findings demonstrate that electrification of freight transportation brings financial and sustainable benefits for truck operators while presenting a diverse range of options to meet their specific transportation requirements. Furthermore, by effectively negotiating ownership terms and electricity tariffs for CI, there is potential to further enhance business profitability. / Inom de mest förorenande industrierna är energisektorn den mest betydande bidragsgivaren till klimatförändringarna och står för två tredjedelar av de totala utsläppen av växthusgaser (GHG). En av de huvudsakliga ansvariga för dessa utsläpp är transportsektorn, som står för 26% av världens energiförbrukning, där produkter som härstammar från råolja utgör över 90% av denna energi. I Europa är transportsektorn den enda sektorn som har upplevt en ökande trend av GHG-utsläppen mellan 1990 och 2017, till skillnad från alla andra sektorer. Därför är elektrifiering av transporten en potentiell och lovande lösning för avkolning, tack vare frånvaron av avgasutsläpp och möjligheten att använda förnybar energi för att driva fordonen. En särskilt intressant del av transportsektorn är tunga lastbilar (HDTs) som används för godstransport. HDTs utgör ryggraden i den svenska ekonomin och konkurrenskraften eftersom de står för 45% av den totala godstransporten. Dock behöver det svenska transmissionsnätet utvecklas parallellt för att klara av ökningen av elförbrukningen och klara av laddinfrastrukturen (CI) som krävs för elektrifieringen av HDTs. Oskarshamn är en svensk kommun som har stor potential för elektrifiering av sina HDTs, som för närvarande drivs med diesel. Därför är målet med detta examensarbete att studera implementeringen av laddinfrastruktur för eldrivna tunga fordon (EHVs) i Oskarshamn genom samarbete med lokala intressenter. Studien genomförs genom en analys av den aktuella statusen för EHVs-teknologier, samt CI-möjligheter, vilket, tillsammans med informationen som tillhandahålls av lastbilsoperatörer från Oskarshamn, möjliggör en teknisk-ekonomisk bedömning av lösningen och analyserar affärsmodellen för dess drift. En virtuell modell skapas med hjälp av Python för att simulera de faktiska driftsförhållandena, vilket utnyttjar all insamlad information och optimerar designen av CI samtidigt som alla transportkrav uppfylls. Dessutom syftar studien till att identifiera potentiella områden för delägarskap av CI för att öka projektets genomförbarhet. Denna projekts resultat visar att elektrifiering av godstransport ger ekonomiska och hållbara fördelar för lastbilsoperatörer samtidigt som det presenterar ett brett utbud av alternativ för att möta deras specifika transportkrav. Dessutom finns det potential att ytterligare förbättra affärs lönsamheten genom effektivt förhandla om ägandevillkor och eltariffer för CI.
26

Methodological study for carbon accounting : Case study: ISS's technical maintenance activities

Andreux, Théo January 2023 (has links)
European greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have decreased by 24% between 1990 and 2019 according to a report by the European Commission. Yet, the Paris agreement set a target of 55% by 2030 to prevent the effects of climate change and prepare for carbon neutrality by 2050. Achieving this goal requires decarbonization efforts to be four times faster than current rates, and carbon accounting will play an essential role for identifying emission sources and developing emission reduction strategies. However, carbon accounting still suffers a lack of consistency and standardization due to different methods and incomplete scope, leading to confusion and incomparability. This thesis proposes a comprehensive and innovative methodology for carbon accounting that ensures transparency, comparability, accuracy, and completeness. Using an iterative approach and a unique representation for carbon architecture, the methodology covers crucial steps such as identifying emission sources, selecting emission factors, determining calculation methods, displaying results, and simulating emission reduction scenarios. A new reliability measurement is also introduced to assess the quality of each emission estimate. The methodology was successfully implemented in the concrete example of a company seeking to reduce the carbon impact of its activities. The limitations of the thesis are addressed in the conclusion. / Europeiska växthusgasutsläpp har minskat med 24% mellan 1990 och 2019 enligt en rapport från Europeiska kommissionen. Trots detta har Parisavtalet satt upp ett mål på 55% till år 2030 för att förhindra klimatförändringarnas effekter och förbereda för koldioxidneutralitet år 2050. För att uppnå detta mål krävs att avkolningsansträngningarna fyrdubblas i jämförelse med nuvarande takt, och koldioxidredovisning kommer att spela en avgörande roll för att identifiera utsläppskällor och utveckla strategier för utsläppsminskning. Dock lider koldioxidredovisning fortfarande av brist på konsekvens och standardisering på grund av olika metoder och ofullständig omfattning, vilket leder till förvirring och bristande jämförbarhet. Denna avhandling föreslår en omfattande och innovativ metodik för koldioxidredovisning som säkerställer transparens, jämförbarhet, noggrannhet och fullständighet. Genom att använda en iterativ ansats och en unik representation av koldioxidarkitektur täcker metoden viktiga steg såsom att identifiera utsläppskällor, välja utsläppsfaktorer, bestämma beräkningsmetoder, visa resultat och simulera scenarier för utsläppsminskning. En ny pålitlighetsmätning introduceras också för att bedöma kvaliteten på varje utslagsuppskattning. Metoden implementerades framgångsrikt i det konkreta exemplet med ett företag som sökte minska den koldioxidpåverkan av sina verksamheter. Begränsningarna med avhandlingen diskuteras i slutsatsen.
27

The Role of Technology Shifts in Urban Decarbonization Modelling : Scenario creation and implementation

Fourniols, Batiste January 2024 (has links)
This work includes modelling of decarbonization scenarios at the scale of an urban area, providing policy insights and a methodology focusing on introducing district heating and maintaining the existing gas distribution network in a case study. With a focus on reducing gas consumption in the residential and tertiary sectors, the research integrates scenario developments giving a methodology to develop district heating, requiring a careful balance in selecting the optimal scale for city-wide analysis. The study assesses the fate of existing gas networks. The development of district heating can affect the use of gas, particularly in residential or tertiary buildings. This thesis assesses potential use cases of existing gas networks by identifying certain criteria. Among them are industrial, tertiary or residential consumption, the presence of a district heating network, or the number of homes using individual gas heating. These criteria make it possible to define areas where the question of removing the gas distribution network can be raised, and other areas where the gas distribution network must be retained even if gas consumption falls sharply between 2019 and 2050. By reviewing the relevant literature, detailing the research questions and presenting a comprehensive methodology of scenario modelling, the thesis provides policy insights and a methodology to develop district heating at the scale of an urban area while addressing the future of existing gas infrastructure. / Detta arbete ger en modellering av scenarier för minskade koldioxidutsläpp i stadsområden, samt ger policyinsikter och metodik med fokus på införandet av fjärrvärme och underhållet av det befintliga gasdistributionsnätet som en fallstudie. Med fokus på att minska gasförbrukningen i bostads- och tjänstesektorerna integrerar forskningen scenarioutveckling med en metod för att utveckla fjärrvärme, vilket kräver en noggrann avvägning för att välja den optimala skalan för stadsomfattande analys. I studien bedöms vad som ska hända med befintliga gasnät. Utvecklingen av fjärrvärme kan påverka användningenav gas, särskilt i bostads- eller tertiärbyggnader. Denna avhandling bedömer potentiella användningsfall befintliga gasnät genom att identifiera kriterier baserade på faktorer som industriell, tertiär tertiär eller bostadsförbrukning, förekomsten av ett fjärrvärmenät eller antalet av bostäder som använder individuell gasuppvärmning, till exempel. Dessa kriterier gör det möjligt att definiera områden där frågan om att ta bort gasdistributionsnätet kan väckas, och andra områden där gasdistributionsnätet måste behållas även om förbrukningen förbrukningen minskar kraftigt mellan 2019 och 2050. Genom att granska den relevanta litteraturen, specificera forskningsfrågorna och presentera en omfattande metod för scenariomodellering, ger avhandlingen ett värdefullt exempel på hur man kan ge politisk insikt och metodik för att utveckla fjärrvärme i ett stadsområde samtidigt som man tar itu med framtiden för befintlig gasinfrastruktur.
28

Green Transitions in Heavy Truck Transports : An explorative study on buyer-supplier challenges and enablers for green transition in the Swedish truck transportation industry

Falk, Jheffer, Nykvist, Erik January 2022 (has links)
Background  Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions necessitates a decrease in carbon emission caused by the truck transport industry. To combat the threat of global warming, goals are being set up on a global, national and corporate level. These goals are putting pressure on logistics service providers to decrease the emissions within the truck transport industry. Implementation of green practices is found to be especially challenging within heavy truck transport due to weight and distance of the transport characteristics. In order to achieve emission reductions, logistics service providers are dependent on the alignment with their transport buyers, known as shippers to implement green logistics practices. Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify challenges and enablers for sustainable green transitions within heavy truck transports among shippers and logistics service providers. The study formulates two research question to help achieve the purpose, these questions are focused on challenges and enablers among both shippers and logistics service providers.  Method The study employs an explorative research approach in a multiple case study setting. Three configurations of shipper-LSP relationships are studied and analyzed through thematic analysis, the researchers also conducted a cross-case analysis to compare and identify similarities and differences between the cases in order to draw conclusions.  Conclusion A green transition within the heavy truck transport sector face numerous challenges. The challenges include a high dependency on vehicle development, lacking infrastructure, alignment issues between shippers and logistics service providers and trade off dilemmas. In order to overcome the issues findings, suggest that shippers and LSPs should focus on creating shared goals in order to facilitate implementation of green logistics practices and mitigate the challenges.
29

Simulation of decarbonization objectives for the district heating system in the Helsinki metropolitan area

Su, Yijie January 2021 (has links)
District heating (DH) is of great significance for the Nordic countries due to the high heat demand especially in the winter. In Finland, 40% of heat was generated by fossil fuels in DH system, and DH sector emits 10% of the total emissions. The Finnish government aims to achieve carbon neutrality as the national goal by 2035. This study aims to evaluate the decarbonization objectives of each city (i.e. Helsinki capital city, Espoo and Vantaa) in the Helsinki metropolitan area and their influences on DH oper-ation from 2010 to 2030 by energyPRO. A model of a joint DH system with the interconnec-tions between Helsinki-Espoo and Helsinki-Vantaa is developed, in order to describe the whole Helsinki metropolitan area DH under the decarbonization objectives. The study pro-vides a least-cost DH operation solution while matching the supply and demand conditions. The optimum performance of the DH is simulated considering different operation strategies (technical aspect), operation expenditures (economic aspect), CO2 emission (environmental aspect). The results are presented from 2010 to 2030 in five years intervals. From the technological option, heat pump has great potential operating in DH in the Helsinki metropolitan area, it will be turned from peak load producer to the baseload heat producer. Instead, heat pro-duced by combined heat and power plants (CHPs) will not be dominant in DH system in the future year. Waste incineration power plant in Vantaa will increase the total annual opera-tion time to about 7000h, it will export more heat to Helsinki city when heat transmission is allowed. From the economic aspect, average heat production cost will decrease with more biomass penetration and heat recovery technology implemented in the future year. Natural gas may appear less profitable with higher CO2 prices after phasing out the coal. About cli-mate change impact, CO2 emission has an 88% reduction in 2030 compared with 2010. / Fjärrvärme (DH) har stor betydelse för de nordiska länderna på grund av det höga värmebe-hovet, särskilt på vintern. I Finland genererades 40% av värmen, i DH-systemet av fossila bränslen och DH-sektorn släpper ut 10% av de totala utsläppen. Finlands regering strävar efter att uppnå koldioxidneutralitet som ett nationellt mål år 2035. Denna studie syftar till att utvärdera målen för koldioxidutsläpp för varje stad i Helsingfors storstadsområde (d.v.s. Helsingfors huvudstad, Esbo och Vanda) och deras påverkan på DH-drift från 2010 till 2030 av energyPRO. En modell av ett gemensamt DH-system med sammankopplingarna mellan Helsingfors-Esbo och Helsingfors-Vanda utvecklas för att beskriva hela Helsingfors storstadsregions DH under målen för koldioxidutsläpp. Studien ger en billig DH-driftslösning samtidigt som utbud och efterfrågan stämmer överens. Den optimala prestandan för DH simuleras med beaktande av olika driftsstrategier (teknisk aspekt), driftskostnader (ekonomisk aspekt), CO2-utsläpp (miljöaspekt). Resultaten presenteras från 2010 till 2030 i femårsintervaller. Från det tekniska alternativet har värmepumpen en stor potential i DH i huvudstadsregionen, den kommer att förvandlas från topplastproducent till baslastvärmeproducent. Istället kommer värme som produceras av kraftvärmeverk inte vara dominerande I DH-systemet under det kommande året. Avfallsförbränningsanläggningen i Vanda kommer att öka den totala årliga drifttiden till cirka 7000 timmar, den kommer att exportera mer värme till Helsingfors när överföringen tillåts. Ur ekonomisk aspect kommer den genomsnittliga värmeproduktionskostnaden att minska i takt med större penetration av biomass samt värmeåtervinningsteknik som imple-menteras under det kommande året. Naturgas kan verka mindre lönsamt med högre koldi-oxidpris efter att kolet fasats ut. Vad gäller klimatförändringarnas påverkan så minskar koldioxidutsläppen med 90% år 2030 jämfört med 2010.
30

Assessing Worker Preferences For Steel Industry Electrification Using Discrete Choice Methods

Meenakshi Narayanaswami (19179634) 19 July 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">As nations strive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the transformation of energy-intensive industries will significantly impact job quality and worker well-being. This thesis investigates the critical intersection of employment opportunities and just energy transitions in the context of industrial decarbonization, focusing on the U.S. steel sector. We address the challenge of balancing economic, environmental, and social considerations in the shift towards low-carbon manufacturing processes. Semi-structured interviews inform the development of a choice-based conjoint survey of Indiana steelworkers, which helps quantify worker preferences for various job attributes such as shift patterns, overtime hours, and wages. The analysis employs willingness-to-pay models to elucidate the complex relationships between compensation and working conditions in the context of potential changes brought about by renewable energy integration and electrification of steel production. Key findings reveal significant disutility associated with increased overtime hours and an unexpected preference for night shifts over day shifts among respondents. The research also highlights the importance of sociotechnical solutions that account for worker needs in designing decarbonized manufacturing processes. While acknowledging limitations such as potential sample bias, this thesis contributes to the development of integrated modeling approaches that combine worker preferences with operational constraints and energy costs. The results inform strategies for achieving a just energy transition in the steel industry, emphasizing the need for policies that prioritize worker well-being alongside decarbonization goals.</p>

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