This study aims to evaluate the original white colonisers‟ or settlers‟ position and experience in Africa and South Africa during the transitional period between 1998 and 2011, as represented by English white male protagonists who feature in The Lostness of Alice (1998) by John Conyngham, The Good Doctor (2003) by Damon Galgut, and Lost Ground (2011) by Michiel Heyns. The analysis of the selected novels illustrates that the legacy of colonisation and apartheid still influences the settler descendants‟ perception of self and the other. The analysis focuses specifically on the males‟ experience of space and place in the construction of identity, and the awareness that the expansion of space and place through the transgression of physical and psychological boundaries contributes towards a more balanced personality. After the dissolution of apartheid, contemporary white South African men, as exemplified by the three protagonists, have become aware of their minority status and tend to dissociate themselves from the country as home. As borderline figures, they contend with feelings of marginalisation and isolation. Increasingly conscious of their contradictory non-African identity, the protagonists undertake journeys during which they acquire insight into themselves as well as an altered perception of the other. Although the former settlers‟ experience of alienation and ambivalence about colonisation and apartheid has been depicted in various novels, the significance of this experience relating to white South African male identity has not yet been fully explored in a comparative study of Conyngham‟s, Galgut‟s and Heyns‟s works with reference to the authors‟ place within a postcolonial paradigm, their implementation of the detective narrative frame and the role of intertextuality and irony that can be seen to define the novels and suggest other interpretative possibilities. The novels are critically analysed in terms of the concepts of space and place, the presence, transgression and transcendence of boundaries, and the influence of these paradigms on the characters‟ sense of self and their relationship with others and society at large. The novels‟ narrative frame and strategies in relation to the myths of Africa are also investigated. The thesis argues that the apprehension articulated by representatives of European settlers regarding the consequences of colonisation and apartheid has become more prominent during the post-liberation dispensation. The acceptance of responsibility for the past and for others, as well as intense self-appraisal, should enable the three protagonists to achieve a more expansive sense of self and a meaningful existence. / PhD (English), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Le motif de la « chambre close », considéré comme emblématique du roman policier, a été exploité par de nombreux écrivains depuis le XIXe siècle. Chez les pères fondateurs du genre, tels Edgar Allan Poe et Arthur Conan Doyle, il s’est d’abord incarné sous une forme simple, celle d’un mécanisme permettant la mise en scène d’un « défi à la raison » (Christiane Cadet, 2008), avant de se complexifier à la Belle Époque. Sous la plume de Gaston Leroux, la simplicité cède la place à l’hybridité alors que la « chambre close », en s’emplissant d’un étonnant parfum de femme, devient le lieu où se croisent le crime et la passion, le privé et le public, la raison et la superstition. Dans Le Mystère de la chambre jaune (1907) et Le Fantôme de l’Opéra (1910), le romancier articule ses intrigues autour d’espaces atypiques, destinés à bouleverser les codes du genre policier. Ce mémoire s’attache ainsi à la manière dont un roman populaire, malgré son recours à un motif largement exploité, peut déplacer et transgresser l’horizon d’attente auquel il est associé. Plutôt que d’être figée à la manière d’un cliché photographique, la « chambre close » évolue sans cesse dans les récits à l’étude. Influencée par le phénomène d’hybridité générique qui sous-tend les romans, elle se dote de nouvelles significations qui la singularisent par rapport à l’emploi qu’en ont fait les prédécesseurs. En s’intéressant, dans un premier temps, à la trajectoire empruntée par les corps féminins et à leur influence sur les décors et, dans un deuxième temps, à la manière dont l’espace canalise un certain imaginaire propre à la littérature du XIXe siècle, il s’agira de voir comment Leroux parvient à faire éclater les murs d’un lieu qui, jusqu’alors, était clos « comme un coffre-fort » (Gaston Leroux, 1925). / The "locked room" concept, generally considered symbolic of detective fiction, has been used by many writers since the 19th century. Amongst the authors of the genre, it was integrated as a simple mechanism to generate a mental challenge for the reader (Thomas Narcejac, 1975). The concept became more complex with the advent of the Belle Époque. The "locked room", under Gaston Leroux’s influence, became the central place where crime and passion, public and private, reason and superstition meet, when filled with the perfume of a woman. In The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1907) and The Phantom of the Opera (1910), Gaston Leroux built his intrigues around atypical "locked rooms" with the intent of upending the codes of detective fiction. This research focuses on the elements through which a popular novel can break its commonly associated expectations, despite the use of a widely exploited pattern. Instead of being frozen in time, the "locked room" is always evolving ; influenced by the novels’ underlying generic hybridity, it acquires new meanings that distinguish it from its predecessors. By first focusing on the path of female bodies and their influence on the decor, and then on the way the "locked room" reuses components associated with literature from the 19th century, we will see how Leroux manages to break the walls of a place that has been considered as closed as a safe (Gaston Leroux, 1925).

[pt] No fim da década de 90, o mundo assistiu a um boom do romance policial. Na pós-modernidade, com a retomada dos gêneros literários, as narrativas de mistério ganham força e atingem o mercado editorial brasileiro. Mas o policial chega repaginado para o leitor. Não que os elementos da trama dedutiva ou do noir tenham desaparecido nas histórias contemporâneas, mas o formato conhecido e aceito pelo público vem sendo usado para aprofundar questões da sociedade contemporânea. A presente dissertação procura, portanto, mostrar como as narrativas policiais pensam a sociedade, enquanto lêem a cidade. Para isso, são privilegiados os livros escritos por Luiz Alfredo Garcia- Roza, com o delegado Espinosa como protagonista. Teorias sobre a vida nas metrópoles e a forma como o homem reage aos seus efeitos são articuladas na leitura das representações da cidade. O estudo começa ligando o nascimento do romance dedutivo e o surgimento do noir a grandes transformações que a sociedade e os centros urbanos sofriam naqueles momentos. E procura mostrar que a cidade é mais do que um simples cenário para as tramas se desenrolarem. Analisa a retomada do gênero na pós-modernidade e o desenvolvimento do policial no Brasil. E investiga, ainda, a presença do policial na Internet, percorrendo sites dedicados ao gênero. Tão ligada à paisagem urbana, as narrativas de mistério tomaram também o terreno virtual, aparentemente sem fronteiras. / [en] In the end of 90 s the world observe a boom of detective stories. In the post-modernity the literary kinds of narratives were very used again and the mystery stories were a success in the publisher market, even in Brazil, country where this kind of narrative never developed. But the detective stories, in this period, started to present some differences. Not that the classic elements weren t there, but, nowadays, they discuss aspects of the contemporary society. This work will observe how this kind of literature thinks the society and talk about the city life at the same time. The books of Luiz Alfredo Garcia- Roza, with Espinosa detective as the protagonist, were privileged in this work. Theories about the life in the contemporary cities and how people react to the effects of this kind of life were articulated with the reading of the metropolis representations. This study shows how the beginning of the detective stories were related with the big transformations that society were living in those days. The cities never were just a stage setting for the detective and his investigation. This work discuss this kind of narrative in the pos-modernity and the late success in the brazilian publisher market. And, because the detective narrative was always so connected with the city, the study observed too how those stories are in internet.

Nessa pesquisa apresentamos uma proposta didática pautada no uso da literatura no ensino de ciências a partir do uso de um gênero literário específico, o romance policial juvenil, no ensino da Investigação Científica. A obra utilizada como modelo é O caso da borboleta Atíria de Lúcia Machado de Almeida, que possui um enredo pautado em mistério e investigação policial e faz parte da Série Vaga Lume da editora Ática. As obras literárias que compõe a Série estão presentes nas salas de aula e bibliotecas escolares, desde a década de setenta e fazem parte do repertório de leitura de muitos alunos atualmente. Além disso, elas estão repletas de conteúdos que permeiam várias áreas do conhecimento. Um dos procedimentos utilizados de análise da obra foi o uso da semiótica de Greimas (1976) que procura estabelecer as relações sintáxicas no interior de um texto, podendo auxiliar em um trabalho de interpretação mais profunda. Também realizamos a análise do discurso tendo como aporte teórico Maingueneau (2006), que estabelece parâmetros que nos permitem avaliar as principais características e as condições de êxito para os gêneros do discurso, estudando o processo de produção da obra, tendo como base o contexto sociocultural, evidenciando elementos a serem considerados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem relacionados à estrutura da obra e ao contexto sociocultural em que ela está inserida. Com essas análises, notamos que a obra tem como foco a busca do conhecimento por meio da investigação, possibilitando a elaboração de propostas didáticas para o ensino da Investigação Científica. Sendo assim, elaboramos propostas didáticas com o uso da obra para a abordagem da investigação científica no ensino de ciências voltadas para nível do Ensino Fundamental II. Essas propostas foram aplicadas em uma escola da cidade de São Paulo com o objetivo de reformular e aprimorar as propostas, possibilitando seu uso em diversos contextos escolares de forma interdisciplinar. / In this research we propose a guided didactic use of literature in science education from the use of a specific literary genre, the crime novel, in Scientific Research\'s teaching. The book O caso da borboleta Atíria was used as a model, written by Lucia Machado de Almeida, in which story is based in mystery and police investigation and is part of the publisher Ática, in Vaga Lume collection. The Literary that make up this collection are present in classrooms and school libraries since the seventies and are part of the repertoire of many students currently reading. Moreover, they are filled with content that permeate many areas of knowledge. One of the procedures used for analysis of the work was the use of semiotics of Greimas (1976) who seeks to establish syntactic relations within a text, and may help in a deeper interpretation work. We also conducted the analysis of discourse based in Maingueneau\'s theory (2006), which sets parameters that allow us to assess the main characteristics and the conditions of success for speech genres, studying the production process of the work, based on the social and culture contexts, showing elements to be considered in the process of teaching and learning related to the structure of the work and to the context in which it is embedded. With those analyses, we note that the work has a focus on to the search for knowledge through research, allowing the preparation of didactic proposals for the Scientific Research teaching. Thus, we elaborate didactic proposals using the book to approach scientific research in science teaching aimed at the elementary school. These proposals have been implemented in a school in the city of São Paulo in order to reshape and refine the proposals, enabling its use in different school contexts in an interdisciplinary way.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeane Lucas.pdf: 868815 bytes, checksum: 28a75baf27ad1a2c184ef9d159a851d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06 / Literary production of the nineties and the early years of the twenty-first century is characterized the release of some literary genres, specifically what Literary Theory defined as being a novel, which do not fit the standards of Classical Literature or the peculiarities of the so-called Best Sellers. Therefore, this thesis has as its object of study the book Leopardos de Kafka, by Moacyr Scliar, which is part of the collection of detective novels Literature and Death, released by the publisher Companhia das Letras. This study aims to show the narrative resources and how they were used in the novel aforementioned, so that we can show that they break the existing boundaries between Classical Literature and Best Sellers and the standards of the traditional detective novel. For this objective to be achieved, the theoretical foundation of this thesis was based, mainly, on studies of the detective novel, done by Boileau and Narcejac (1991), Albuquerque (1979), Reimão (1983, 2005) and others; in researches on Best Sellers, done by Sodré (1978), Caldas (2000) among others and on studies of Historiographic Metafiction, postmodernism and narcissistic narrative, made by Hutcheon (1984, 2002). / O panorama da produção literária da década de noventa e dos primeiros anos do século XXI é marcado pelo lançamento de alguns gêneros literários, especificamente o que a Teoria Literária definiu como sendo romance, que não se ajustam nem às regras da Literatura Culta nem às peculiaridades do que se convencionou chamar de Literatura de Massa. Por isso, esta tese tem como objeto de estudo o livro Leopardos de Kafka, de Moacyr Scliar, pertencente à coleção de romances policiais Literatura ou Morte, lançada pela editora Companhia das Letras. O presente estudo objetiva mostrar os recursos narrativos e o modo como estes foram empregados, no romance citado, a fim de que se possa evidenciar que eles rompem com as fronteiras existentes entre a Literatura Culta e a Literatura de Massa e com as regras do romance policial tradicional. Para que esse objetivo fosse alcançado, a fundamentação teórica desta tese foi baseada, principalmente, nos estudos sobre o romance policial, feitos por Narcejac (1991), Albuquerque (1979), Reimão (1983, 2005) e outros; nas pesquisas sobre Literatura de Massa, realizadas por Sodré (1978), Caldas (2000) e outros e nos estudos sobre Metaficção Historiográfica, pós-modernismo e narrativa narcísica, realizados por Hutcheon (1984, 2002).

[pt] O Compasso do Poder na Balada da Praia dos Cães, de José Cardoso Pires, busca evidenciar segmentos das relações entre Poder e Literatura. Num primeiro plano, é analisada a questão do poder, tendo como recortes as ações e relações de poder estabelecidas entre as principais personagens do romance no cenário em que a narrativa se desenvolve: o Portugal do Estado Novo na década de sessenta. A dissertação procura demonstrar que há diversas fontes e diferentes motivações que impulsionam as práticas de poder, e que as relações de poder, caracterizadas pelos poderes do Estado versus os contrapoderes, tornam-se mais acirradas durante um regime político de exceção. O segundo eixo da dissertação discute a eleição, por parte de José Cardoso Pires, do gênero policial e o uso de diversos recursos narrativos como ferramentas para criticar e combater o autoritarismo, concluindo que tais estratégias caracterizam e emblematizam o comprometimento cívico do autor, não somente com a sociedade portuguesa, mas com toda a humanidade. / [en] José Cardoso Pires s O Compasso do Poder na Balada da Praia dos Cães aims at evidencing segments of the connections between Power and Literature. In a first plan, the question of Power is analysed having as shortcuts the actions and the established power relations among the main characters of the novel as well as the historical scene on which the narrative is based: Portugal s New State in the sixties. This dissertation demonstrates that there are several sources and different motivations that drive on power practices and also how those power relations, characterized by State power versus counterpowers, become sharper and sharper during a political government system based on exception. In a second plan, this work discusses the Detective Story Genre, chosen by José Cardoso Pires, and the usage of various narrative resources as tools to criticize and to combat authoritarianism, concluding that those strategies will constitute a power exercise which emblemed the author s civic commitment, not only to Portuguese society but also to all mankind.

Esta tese traça um estudo comparativo entre o Romance policial contemporâneo e o discurso psicanalítico na produção ficcional de Luiz Alfredo Garcia-Roza (1936-) e Dennis Lehane (1963-), tomando, por base, relações de aproximação entre os métodos investigativos na literatura e na psicanálise. Para isso, o corpus constitui-se dos romances O silêncio da chuva (1996) e Espinosa sem saída (2006), ambos do escritor brasileiro e Sagrado [Sacred] (2004) e Paciente 67 [Shttter Island] (2005), do ficcionista norte-americano. A análise destas narrativas revela pontos de aproximação entre os dois discursos inseridos no cenário cultural caótico e desajustado. E questiona a emergência deste novo contexto sociocultural, onde personagens sem identidade definida, sendo o principal deles, o detetive, realizam sua flânerie através de deslocamentos constantes associados à paisagem e em busca do desvendamento do crime urbano. Como seres de ficção perdidos, estes private eyes precisam encontrar os desajustes psíquicos de toda espécie de criminosos daí a representação da cidade, que ora se converte no solo para a flânerie dos investigadores, ora contribui para o apagamento e/ou ocultamento das subjetividades criminais. A relação entre os discursos policial e psicanalítico aponta para a associação entre a obscuridade do texto literário e o da cultura onde estamos inseridos sem falar do mal-estar de um e de outro campo, que tem a ver com as transformações da esfera da sociedade contemporânea / This dissertation aims at outlining a comparative study between the contemporary detective novel and the psychoanalytical discourse in the fictional production by Luiz Alfredo Garcia Roza (1936- ) and Dennis Lahane (1966- ), approaching particular investigative methods in literature and psychoanalysis. To do so, the corpus consists of four novels altogether: O silêncio da chuva (1996) and Espinosa sem saída (2006) by the Brazilian writer and Sagrado [Sacred] (2004) and Paciente 67 [Shutter Island] (2005) by the American fictionist. The analysis on these narratives points out similarities and idiosyncrasies between two discourses within a conflictive and chaotic cultural environment. Moreover, it highlights this new social and cultural realm where characters with undefined identities (the detective, above all) strive to evade from the atmosphere in which they are set and search for the resolution of urban crimes. As lost subjectivities, these private eyes need to decipher psychic dysfunctions of every sort of criminal thence, the representation of the city, featuring sometimes as the ground on which investigators work for the law and, at other times, as a hiding space for murderers. The relation between detective and psychoanalytic discourses remarks the association between the obscurity of the literary text and our cultural background not to mention the overall discomfort triggered by changes in contemporary societies

Orientador: Sônia Helena de Oliveira Raymundo Piteri / Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Banca: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Silva / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe-se a estudar Balada da Praia dos Cães (1982), de José Cardoso Pires, sob a perspectiva da paródia do romance policial, tendo em vista que essa obra utiliza-se de procedimentos típicos desse gênero para, a partir de dentro, subvertê-lo. A subversão manifesta-se, principalmente, pelo desvio no foco da narrativa, que deixa de ser a resolução do enigma, como no romance policial clássico, e passa a ser a construção do texto/inquérito por parte do detetive e do narrador, ou seja, a obra não tem como foco principal descobrir quem, como e por que ocorreu o crime, mas sim desvendar o processo de composição narrativa. Nesse sentido, pode-se dizer que o romance cardoseano engendra uma reflexão metalingüística que se desdobra em dois planos: por um lado, vemo-nos diante de um texto que nos revela os próprios mecanismos que o constroem, principalmente, pela recorrência e subversão do paradigma policial, e, por outro, temos um romance sobre o processo pelo qual o detetive elabora uma narrativa a partir das provas, indícios, etc. Tendo em vista essa configuração, destacam-se as instâncias do narrador e do autor, que instauram no romance uma rede de desconfianças que desestabilizam as noções de "verdade" e "autoridade" a partir do exame e questionamento dos mais diversos discursos que se fazem presentes na obra de Cardoso Pires. / Abstract: This paper aims at studying Balada da Praia dos Cães (1982), by José Cardoso Pires, from the perspective of the detective novel parody, considering that the novel uses the typical procedures of this genre and then subverts it. Subversion is manifested mainly by diverting the focus of the narrative, which is no longer the puzzle solving, as it is in the classic detective story, but the construction of the text/inquest by the detective and the narrator, that is, the novel is not focused on finding out who, how and why the crime occurred, but to unravel the process of the narrative composition. In this sense, it can be said that the cardoseano novel engenders a metalinguistic reflection that unfolds on two levels: on the one hand, we are faced with a text that reveals its own mechanisms of construction, mainly for the recurrence and the subversion of the detective paradigm, and, on the other hand, we have a novel about the process by which the detective creates a narrative based on the proof, evidences, etc. Given this setting, the highlights are on the instances of the narrator and the author, which introduce in the novel a network of suspicions that destabilize the notions of "truth" and "authority" from the examination and questioning of many different speeches that are made present in the work of Cardoso Pires. / Mestre

Esta tese traça um estudo comparativo entre o Romance policial contemporâneo e o discurso psicanalítico na produção ficcional de Luiz Alfredo Garcia-Roza (1936-) e Dennis Lehane (1963-), tomando, por base, relações de aproximação entre os métodos investigativos na literatura e na psicanálise. Para isso, o corpus constitui-se dos romances O silêncio da chuva (1996) e Espinosa sem saída (2006), ambos do escritor brasileiro e Sagrado [Sacred] (2004) e Paciente 67 [Shttter Island] (2005), do ficcionista norte-americano. A análise destas narrativas revela pontos de aproximação entre os dois discursos inseridos no cenário cultural caótico e desajustado. E questiona a emergência deste novo contexto sociocultural, onde personagens sem identidade definida, sendo o principal deles, o detetive, realizam sua flânerie através de deslocamentos constantes associados à paisagem e em busca do desvendamento do crime urbano. Como seres de ficção perdidos, estes private eyes precisam encontrar os desajustes psíquicos de toda espécie de criminosos daí a representação da cidade, que ora se converte no solo para a flânerie dos investigadores, ora contribui para o apagamento e/ou ocultamento das subjetividades criminais. A relação entre os discursos policial e psicanalítico aponta para a associação entre a obscuridade do texto literário e o da cultura onde estamos inseridos sem falar do mal-estar de um e de outro campo, que tem a ver com as transformações da esfera da sociedade contemporânea / This dissertation aims at outlining a comparative study between the contemporary detective novel and the psychoanalytical discourse in the fictional production by Luiz Alfredo Garcia Roza (1936- ) and Dennis Lahane (1966- ), approaching particular investigative methods in literature and psychoanalysis. To do so, the corpus consists of four novels altogether: O silêncio da chuva (1996) and Espinosa sem saída (2006) by the Brazilian writer and Sagrado [Sacred] (2004) and Paciente 67 [Shutter Island] (2005) by the American fictionist. The analysis on these narratives points out similarities and idiosyncrasies between two discourses within a conflictive and chaotic cultural environment. Moreover, it highlights this new social and cultural realm where characters with undefined identities (the detective, above all) strive to evade from the atmosphere in which they are set and search for the resolution of urban crimes. As lost subjectivities, these private eyes need to decipher psychic dysfunctions of every sort of criminal thence, the representation of the city, featuring sometimes as the ground on which investigators work for the law and, at other times, as a hiding space for murderers. The relation between detective and psychoanalytic discourses remarks the association between the obscurity of the literary text and our cultural background not to mention the overall discomfort triggered by changes in contemporary societies