Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T11:42:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 daniellenovaisuchoa.pdf: 1181307 bytes, checksum: 63df2d7f7f776f75f785a71fcacbc79d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:19:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 daniellenovaisuchoa.pdf: 1181307 bytes, checksum: 63df2d7f7f776f75f785a71fcacbc79d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:19:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daniellenovaisuchoa.pdf: 1181307 bytes, checksum: 63df2d7f7f776f75f785a71fcacbc79d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este estudo tem como objetivos investigar a sensibilidade à forma fônica dos determinantes e analisar se essa sensibilidade ajudaria bebês de 13 meses, adquirindo o português, a segmentar o sintagma determinante (DP) em unidades menores (determinante + nome). A perspectiva teórica adotada busca conciliar um tratamento psicolinguístico para aquisição de língua com uma teoria linguística, através da integração entre o modelo de Bootstrapping Fonológico (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE ET AL., 1997) e o Programa Minimalista, no que se refere, sobretudo, à sua concepção de Faculdade da Linguagem (HAUSER, CHOMSKY & FITCH, 2002), entendida sob duas perspectivas: no sentido estrito (FLN – Faculty of Language in the narrow sense) e no sentido amplo (FLB – Faculty of Language in the broad sense). Essa conciliação permite-nos explicar como a criança chega à sintaxe da sua língua a partir de pistas distribucionais e prosódicas disponibilizadas na interface fônica. Estudos conduzidos em diversas línguas, inclusive em português (Name, 2002), sugerem que, por volta dos 10 meses de idade, as crianças já seriam capazes de reconhecer os itens funcionais no fluxo da fala, a partir de suas características acústicas e distribucionais, utilizando-os como pistas para o acesso lexical e sintático. As hipóteses assumidas são de que (i) aos 13 meses, a criança é sensível à forma fônica dos determinantes, distinguindo, assim, os determinantes reais dos pseudodeterminantes, sendo capazes, (ii) de segmentar o DP formado por um determinante real + pseudonome. Nossos resultados sugerem que aos 13 meses, o bebê é sensível à forma fônica dos determinantes da língua, reagindo diferentemente quando apresentados aos determinantes (o / um/ este / aquele) ou aos pseudodeterminantes (ône / ór / ugi / ófupi). Além disso, sugerem também que as crianças foram capazes de segmentar o DP em unidades menores, já que reagiram diferentemente aos pseudonomes familiarizados quando antecedidos por determinante real ou pseudodeterminante. / This study aims at investigating the sensitivity to phonetic form of determiners and analyzing whether this sensitivity would help 13-month-old Brazilian babies to segment the Determiner Phrase (DP) into smaller unities (determiner + noun). The theoretical approach adopted seeks at conciliating a psycholinguistic treatment for the language acquisition with a linguistic theory, through the integration between Phonological Bootstrapping (MORGAN and DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997) and the Minimalist Program, in relation, especially, to its conception of Language Faculty (HAUSER, CHOMSKY & FITCH, 2002), seen through two perspectives: in its narrow sense (FLN) and in its broad sense (FLB). This conciliation allows us to explain how the child reaches the language syntax from distributional and prosodic cues available at the phonic interface. Studies conducted in different languages, including Brazilian Portuguese (Name,2002) suggest that, around the age of 10 months, children would already be able of recognizing function words in the speech stream, from their acoustic and distributional characteristics, using them as cues for syntactic and lexical access. The hypothesis are that (i) at 13 months, the child is sensitive to the phonic form of determiners, distinguishing the real determiners from the nonsense determiners, being able of (ii) segment the DP consisting of a real determiner + a nonsense noun. Our results suggest that, at 13 month-old, babies are sensible to the phonic form of their language determiners, reacting differently when they are presented either to the determiners (o / um / este/ aquele) or the nonsense determiners (ône / ór / ugi / ófupi).It also suggests that the children were able of segmenting the DP into smaller unities, since they reacted differently to the familiarized nonsense nouns when they were preceded by a real determiner or a nonsense determiner.

Selon la théorie du syntagme nominal développée par Wilmet (2003), la notion de caractérisant est une notion fonctionnelle qui désigne tous les « accompagnateurs » du nom (ou déterminants) qui modifient l’extension du nom. Cette notion est indépendante des catégories morpho-syntaxique puisqu’on trouve parmi les caractérisants des adjectifs, des syntagmes prépositionnels, des noms, des adverbes, des propositions relatives voire des phrases entières.<p>Les linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.<p>Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots. <p>Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.<p>L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants. <p>La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées. / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

This thesis investigates the developpment of gender agreement in determiners and adjectives in the spontaneous speech of L2 French by five groups of Swedish learners: beginners at the university, secondary school students, university students, teacher candidates and PhD students. Different types of determiners are examined, such as definite and the indefinite articles. Adjectival agreement is studied in different positions in relation to the noun, such as the attributive anteposition, the attributive postposition and the predicative position. The aim is to identify the developmental sequence of gender agreement through a longitudinal study of learners at different levels of acquisition. The analysis is based on spoken language, i.e. 81 interviews belonging to the InterFra-corpus, Stockholm University. Our data also includes 8 oral productions from a control group of native speakers. The study is in three parts: one for the agreement between determiners and nouns, another for the agreement between adjectives and nouns and, finally, a study considering agreement between all three items within the noun phrase, i.e. determiner, noun and adjective (Det-N-Adj). A sequence of acquisition for gender agreement on determiners and adjectives is proposed based on the productions of four learner groups and compared to the six developmental stages suggested by Bartning and Schlyter (2004). Results have showed that there is an acquisition order of gender agreement in different parts of the nominal phrase, according to the type of determiner and the positions of the adjective. A qualitative analysis has shown a random use of gender agreement on determiners and some nouns are used with both genders on the determiner. Also, the type-token ratio is very low at the beginning of the acquisition, which partly explains the high accuracy rate (100 %). The study considering agreement between all three constituents within the noun phrase revealed that advanced learners have higher accuracy rate for gender agreement on adjectives within the noun phrase with the presence of a determiner that marks gender distinction (i.e. a non-elided, singular determiner). Results also showed that the feminine form of the adjectives remains difficult at higher acquisitional levels.

Ce travail contient l’analyse de la traduction des noms (substantifs) de la langue source (français) en langue cible (lituanien), et surtout leur détermination, de leurs transformations possibles dans la traduction, des moyens que le traducteur choisit pour les transmettre en traduction. D’après l’analyse il a été aperçu que les déterminants sont transposés par les pronoms ou ils sont exprimés par certains cas. Parfois les déterminants, surtout des articles définis, acquièrent la forme pronominale. Il y avait des situations où le traducteur a accordé une autre forme : il a traduit en d’autre partie du discours, par exemple, en adverbe, en participe passé ou en préposition. Les noms étaient plus flexibles pour la variation. Le traducteur a pu les traduire en verbe, en participe ou en gérondif, en adjectif, en pronom, en adverbe. Il y avait des situations où les noms ont possédé dans la langue cible la forme dérivée et surtout il acquiert une forme diminutive grâce aux adjectifs qui expriment la petitesse, la jeunesse, la beauté, la douceur : petit, jeune, joli. En ce qui concerne le nom, il peut être transmis non seulement en un mot, mais aussi en groupement des mots. Le nom propre peut parfois remplir la fonction de nom commun pour indiquer le type d’homme qui lui ressemble. / Šiame darbe analizuojami prancūzų kalbos daiktavardžių ir jų determinantų vertimų ypatumai į lietuvių kalbą, galimos transformacijos vertime, kokius būdus pasirenka vertėjas, norėdamas juos perteikti vertime. Atlikus analizę, paaiškėjo, kad daiktavardis verčiamas veiksmažodžiu, dalyviu, pusdalyviu, būdvardžiu arba prieveiksmiu. Buvo pastebėta, kad daiktavardžiai, vartojami kartu su mažybiniais-maloniniais būdvardžiais, lietuviškame vertime įgyja mažybinę formą arba naują reikšmę, kurią nulemia kontekstas. Vertime vienažodį daiktavardį taip pat gali atitikti žodžių grupė. Tikrinis daiktavardis gali virsti bendriniu daiktavardžiu, norint pabrėžti asmens tipą, į kurį veikėjas panašus. Determinantų vertimas yra sudėtingas, nes lietuvių kalbai ši kategorija nėra būdinga, todėl vertėjas priverstas išieškoti priemonių, juos pakeisti arba praleisti (dažniausiai dėl lietuvių kalbos normų). Buvo pastebėta, kad determinantai lietuvių kalboje keičiami į įvardžius, prieveiksmius, dalyvius, prielinksnius arba išreiškiami linksniais. Kai kuriais atvejais žymimasis artikelis prieš būdvardį įgydavo įvardžiuotinę formą. / In this work “Rendering of definite/indefinite noun category of the French language into the Lithuanian language” is analysed the translation of the French nouns and determiners into the Lithuanian, their possible transformations in the translation and which ways the translator chooses to transfer them to the translation. After the analyze it was discovered that the noun can be translate into verb, participle, half-participle, adjective or adverb. It was observed that the noun with the adverbs which express the smallness, the endearment, gets a diminutive form or a new sense. A one-word noun can be translated into word group. The proper noun can be the common noun to accentuate the type of the person. The translation of the determiners into Lithuanian is difficult, because the Lithuanian doesn’t have this category and a translator must find the other ways or leave out. It was observed that the determiners were change by adverb, pronoun, prepositional or case in the Lithuanian. Sometimes the definite article before adjective gets the pronominal form.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T14:49:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 milenecristinedecastroteixeira.pdf: 1373244 bytes, checksum: 7bba0e38b23013ba9fba481b4563dce8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T13:34:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 milenecristinedecastroteixeira.pdf: 1373244 bytes, checksum: 7bba0e38b23013ba9fba481b4563dce8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T13:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 milenecristinedecastroteixeira.pdf: 1373244 bytes, checksum: 7bba0e38b23013ba9fba481b4563dce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo investiga as capacidades de abstração e generalização de padrões linguísticos nas etapas iniciais do processo de aquisição de língua materna, privilegiando relações de dependências não-adjacentes (DNA) e explora a relação entre itens funcionais e marcadores de palavras de Nome (word markers). Diferentemente de trabalhos anteriores, que usaram línguas totalmente artificiais – cujas propriedades fonológicas, morfológicas e prosódicas eram muito simples –, esta pesquisa usa uma língua pseudonatural, preservando tais propriedades. A conciliação entre um modelo de processamento voltado para a aquisição da linguagem (Bootstrapping Fonológico: Morgan & Demuth, 1996; Christophe et al., 1997) e um modelo de língua que considere níveis de interface entre o sistema linguístico e outros sistemas – perceptuais e cognitivos (Programa Minimalista: Chomsky 1995; 1999 e obras posteriores) - permite compreender a passagem de um nível de representação fonético/fonológico para um nível de representação formal. Assumindo-se ainda que mecanismos estatísticos e de abstração e generalização são recursos precocemente disponíveis e explorados por bebês no processo de categorização de elementos lexicais (Marcus et al., 1999; Gómez, 2002; Newport & Aslin, 2004), a conciliação entre o modelo de língua e o modelo de processamento pretende explicitar o modo como a criança extrai do continuum sonoro, além de pistas distribucionais e prosódicas, propriedades dos traços formais dos elementos funcionais nos quais o Sistema Computacional age resultando na derivação linguística. Bebês, com média de idade de 11 meses, foram expostos durante um curto período de tempo a uma língua diferente de sua língua materna e, posteriormente, expostos a novos DPs congruentes ou não aos apresentados anteriormente. Os resultados indicam que os bebês reagiram à diferença de padrões de DNA em função daqueles previamente apresentados, escutando por mais tempo padrões não familiarizados, sugerindo que a partir de uma curta exposição a uma língua pseudonatural – diferente do padrão do PB – bebês, aos 11 meses, são capazes de abstrair e generalizar o padrão dessa “língua”. Tais resultados sugerem que mecanismos de abstração e generalização podem ser recursos utilizados por crianças no processo inicial de aquisição lexical. / This study investigates the capacities of abstraction and generalization of linguistic patterns in the early stages of the acquisition of mother tongue, emphasizing the relationship of nonadjacent dependencies (DNA) and exploring the relationship between functional items and word markers of nouns. Unlike previous studies, which used artificial languages - whose phonological, morphological and prosodical properties were very simple - this research uses a pseudonatural language, preserving such properties. The conciliation between a psycholinguistic model aimed at the acquisition of language (Phonological Bootstrapping: Morgan & Demuth, 1996; Christophe et al., 1997) and a linguistic theory based on interface levels (Minimalist Program, Chomsky, 1995; 1999) allows us to understand the passage from one level of phonetic/phonological representation to a level of formal representation. Assuming also that statistical mechanisms of abstraction and generalization are resources available to infants and exploited early by them in the process of categorization of lexical (Marcus et al., 1999; Gómez, 2002; Newport & Aslin, 2004), the conciliation between the two theories aims to clarify how the child extracts from the sonorous continuum as well as distributional and prosodic clues, properties of the formal traces of the functional elements in which the Computational System acts resulting linguistic derivations. Babies at 11 months were exposed for a short period of time to a language other than their mother tongue and later exposed to new DPs congruent or not to those previously presented. The results indicate that babies reacted to different patterns of DNA according to those previously presented, listening longer to unfamiliar patterns, suggesting that from a short exposure to a pseudonatural language, babies at 11 months are able to abstract and generalize the pattern of this language. These results suggest that mechanisms of abstraction and generalization can be used by children in the initial process of language acquisition.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The thesis is focused on the Spanish determiners este, ese, aquel, the definite article and their anaphoric function. First, the theoretical groundwork for the latter analysis is built: the deter- miners are characterized together with the anaphora as a device of discourse coherence. Then, the choice between the demonstratives este, ese, aquel and the defi- nite article in different types of nominal anaphora is analyzed using examples from the parallel corpus InterCorp. Diverse factors influencing this choice are examined. The analysis is extended with a comparative analysis in which Czech equivalents of the Spanish determiners in the same types of anaphora are compared.

De par leur présence à l’interface entre plusieurs domaines linguistiques (phonologie, morpho-syntaxe, sémantique ou pragmatique), les déterminants ont depuis longtemps suscité l’intérêt des chercheurs en acquisition. On trouve ainsi de nombreux travaux portant notamment sur les contraintes phono-prosodiques, lexico-syntaxiques, sémantiques ou pragmatiques à l’œuvre dans le processus d’acquisition de ces formes, mais peu d’entre eux ont cherché à proposer une analyse combinée de ces facteurs, en tenant compte à la fois des morphèmes adultes et des formes de transition (omissions et fillers). Nous avons donc souhaité, dans le cadre de ce travail, décrire l’émergence des déterminants et de leurs proto-formes en essayant de saisir, dans une perspective multidimensionnelle intégrant à la fois des facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels, quels facteurs influencent le plus ce processus, et à quelles périodes.Cette thèse repose sur l’analyse d’un corpus longitudinal de quatre enfants, âgés de 1;6 pour le plus jeune lors de la première séance sélectionnée à 3;5 pour le plus âgé lors de la dernière. Nous avons repéré au sein de ce corpus tous les noms produits par les enfants ainsi que les formes les précédant et chaque syntagme a fait l’objet d’une analyse phono-prosodique, lexico-syntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et discursive.Les résultats montrent d’une part que tous les facteurs distributionnels peuvent - à des degrés différents - influencer la production des formes pré-nominales, et d’autre part, que les usages que les enfants font des formes témoignent d’une sensibilité précoce à certains contrastes pragmatico-discursifs. Toutefois, aucun des facteurs pris séparément n’a permis de rendre compte de l’intégralité des productions des enfants. L’analyse conjointe de ces facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels a confirmé les tendances dégagées au préalable et a mis en évidence l’influence d’un ensemble de facteurs (et en particulier, phono-prosodique, syntaxique et pragmatique) plus que d’un facteur unique ou prédominant tout au long du processus d’acquisition des déterminants. / Given their presence at the crossroads of different linguistic fields (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics or pragmatics), determiners have for a long time aroused the interest of language acquisition researchers. We thus find several studies dealing with the phono-prosodic, lexical and syntactic, semantic or pragmatic constraints involved in the acquisition of determiners. But only few of them have provided a combined analysis of all these factors, considering both adult morphemes and transitional forms (omissions and filler syllables). Our study aims to describe the emergence of filler syllables and determiners and understand - in a multidimensional perspective examining simultaneously distributional and functional factors - which factors may affect the acquisition process, and over which periods of time.Our study is based on a corpus of four children, aged from 1;6 for the youngest in the first selected session to 3;5 for the eldest in the last session. We first identified all the noun phrases produced in the data and each occurrence was then analysed according to phono-prosodic, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discursive factors.Our results show that each distributional factor may influence, at different degrees, the production of pre-nominal forms and that children’s use of forms shows early sensitivity to pragmatic factors. However, none of the factors taken separately have accounted for all of the children’s productions. An additional combined analysis of both distributional and functional factors has supported the initial trends and highlighted the influence of a series of factors (and in particular, phono-prosodic, syntactic and pragmatic), more than a single and predominant one throughout the acquisition process of determiners.

Early in the genesis of Mauritian Creole (MC), the quantificational determiners of its lexifier language, French, incorporated into a large number of the nouns that they combined with, resulting in the occurrence of bare nouns in argument positions, yielding (in)definite, singular, plural and generic interpretations. These early changes were accompanied by the loss all inflectional morphology, as well as the loss of the French copula, and that of the Case assigning prepositions à ('of') and de ('of') which are used in partitive and genitive constructions respectively. I argue that these changes triggered a parametric shift in noun denotation, from predicative in French to argumental in MC, and account for the fact that MC has a very different determiner system from its lexifier. My analysis is motivated by both Longobardi's (1994) claim that only DPs can be arguments, NPs cannot, and Chierchia's (1998b) seemingly incompatible claim that N can be an argument when it is Kind denoting. I provide detailed account of the emergence of the new MC determiners, from their first attestations in the early 18th century, to the end of the 19th century, when the determiner system settles into a form that is still used today. Following an analysis of the modern MC determiner system, I propose that MC nouns are lexically stored as argumental, Kind denoting terms, which share some of the distributional properties of English bare plurals, such as their ability to occur in argument positions without a determiner. The new quantificational determiners are analyzed as 'type shifting operators' that shift Kinds and predicate nominals into argumental noun phrases. The singular indefinite article enn and the plural marker bann assign existential quantification over instances of Kind denoting count nouns, and the null definite determiner is an operator that quantifies over the totality of a set. The differential behaviour of MC count vs. mass nouns is accounted for in terms of the Number argument which must be realized for common count nouns. Some seemingly 'bare' nouns comprise a phonologically null definite determiner equivalent to French le/la and English the. Subject-object asymmetry of count nouns in MC provides evidence for the occurrence of this null element which requires licensing in certain syntactic environments. The Specificity marker la, which serves to mark anaphoric definiteness, is shown to be a 'last resort' means of licensing the null definite determiner. My syntactic analysis is within Chomsky's (1995b) Minimalist framework and a Formal Semantics (Partee 1986), both of which stipulate legitimate operator variable constructions. The loss of the French quantificational determiners, and that of the copula meant that early MC lacked overt sources of quantification at both the nominal and clausal levels. In my analysis of the emerging MC determiner system, I look at the new sources of quantification that arise in order to establish the referential properties of nouns, and I show how these various strategies are linked to the means by which the semantic features of Definiteness, Deixis, Number and Specificity are expressed, and also the means by which the syntactic function of predication is realized.