Orientador: Messias Borges Silva / Resumo: O cultivo de microalgas tem sido considerado como uma fonte promissora de lipídeos para a obtenção de ácidos graxos de alto valor agregado, como é o caso dos ômegas 3 (ω3) e ômegas 6 (ω6). O uso do planejamento de experimentos (DOE) permite estabelecer condições apropriadas de cultivo para as microalgas que favorece o acúmulo desses ácidos graxos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo melhorar o desempenho dos cultivos das microalgas Nannochloropsis gaditana e Dunaliella salina, visando a produção de ω3 e ω6. Primeiramente, foram avaliadas, com o uso de uma matriz ortogonal Taguchi L4, as influências das concentrações de nitrato de sódio (de 25 a 75 mg L-1), de acetato de sódio e bicarbonato de sódio (ambas de 0 a 2 g L-1), sobre a produtividade de biomassa (Pb) e de lipídeos (Po). Como resultado, foi notado que tanto o acetato quanto o nitrato, influenciaram positivamente na Pb e na Po, para ambas as microalgas estudadas. O bicarbonato, por outro lado, não melhorou a Po, sendo excluído das etapas posteriores. Na etapa seguinte do trabalho foi realizado um planejamento fatorial completo 22 com ponto central, focando no estudo da concentração de nitrato (75 a 225 mg L-1) e acetato (2 a 6 gL-1) sobre a produtividade dos cultivos. As maiores Pb obtidas foram: 188,93 mg L-1 dia-1 para a microalga N. gaditana (225 mg L-1 de nitrato e 6 g L-1 de acetato) e 118,93 mg L-1 dia-1 para a D. salina (150 mg L-1 de nitrato e 4 g L-1 de acetato). Nestas condições de cultivo, a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

A procedure has been developed for the preliminary selection of high-performance systems for office buildings in hot and humid climates. High-performance building systems and components were surveyed for buildings in the U.S., which were applicable for office buildings in hot and humid climates. This research developed a calibrated DOE-2.1e simulation model of a prototypical large office building. In addition, a Simplified Geometry DOE-2.1e (SGDOE-2.1e) model, was also developed, which used a simplified geometry to demonstrate the use of a proposed easy-to-use tool. The calibrated DOE-2.1e simulation model and the SGDOE-2.1e were compared and showed a good match with each. The SGDOE-2.1e model was then further modified based on the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 commercial building energy code. A code-compliant (ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999) SGDOE-2.1e simulation model was then used as a baseline for the evaluation of the high-performance measures. A total of 14 high-performance measures were implemented including the energy savings, while the comfort level was maintained based on the ASHRAE comfort zone. In addition to the 14 high-performance measures, solar thermal and solar PV system analysis were integrated with the SGDOE-2.1e simulation model to further reduce the annual energy use. Finally, specifications of the proposed easy-to-use simulation tool were developed. This tool includes options to choose systems from the 14 high-performance measures and solar systems. The proposed easy-to-use systems selection tool can be used for new building practitioners and existing building owners as well to evaluate the performance of their new buildings compared to the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 code-compliant building, and to assess the feasibility of implementing high-performance measures to their existing buildings in terms of energy and cost savings.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-11T22:51:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LilianGraceDaSilvaSolon_TESE.pdf: 7051337 bytes, checksum: 79a5b10c1ce003624bdd49bff3af8afd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-18T00:03:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LilianGraceDaSilvaSolon_TESE.pdf: 7051337 bytes, checksum: 79a5b10c1ce003624bdd49bff3af8afd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T00:03:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LilianGraceDaSilvaSolon_TESE.pdf: 7051337 bytes, checksum: 79a5b10c1ce003624bdd49bff3af8afd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A ind?stria farmac?utica e laborat?rios anal?ticos de todo o mundo tem focado na qualidade, seguran?a e efic?cia de seus produtos. Processos utilizados para minimizar os riscos, como o Quality by Design (QbD), recentemente tem sido atribu?do ao desenvolvimento de m?todos anal?ticos, principalmente os m?todos cromatogr?ficos. O Analytical Quality by Design ou Qualidade Anal?tica Baseada no Projeto (aQbD), utiliza ferramentas de planejamento de experimentos, an?lise de risco e monitoramento cont?nuo. Para isso, faz-se uso de softwares simuladores, ferramentas estat?sticas e quimiom?tricas. Sabe-se que os m?todos cromatogr?ficos de an?lise s?o bastante consolidados e exigidos pelas ag?ncias regulat?rias, aplicando-se em diversas determina??es dentro do campo farmac?utico, como identifica??o e quantifica??o de f?rmacos, metab?litos, impurezas e produtos de degrada??o. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, utilizar ferramentas aQbD para o desenvolvimento de m?todos em cromatografia l?quida de ultra efici?ncia. Foram desenvolvidos quatro m?todos, a saber: quantifica??o simult?nea de dexametasona acetato e clotrimazol em formas farmac?uticas semiss?lidas, atrav?s de transfer?ncia de m?todo de CLAE para CLUE (cap?tulo 1); determina??o simult?nea de corticosteroides e conservantes em coluna de n?cleo s?lido com tamanho de part?cula 1.3 ?m utilizando software simulador (cap?tulo 2); quantifica??o de betametasona valerato em amostras de creme, gel, lo??o e pomada ap?s desenvolvimento de m?todo por planejamento fatorial completo 33 (cap?tulo 3); e determina??o simult?nea de corticosteroides ap?s desenvolvimento de modelo de previs?o de fator de reten??o por QSRR (cap?tulo 4). Os resultados mostraram que apesar da necessidade de otimiza??o pelo analista, o uso de ferramentas aQbD, como o planejamento estat?stico ou uso de softwares, s?o promissoras no desenvolvimento de m?todos cromatogr?ficos de ultra efici?ncia, uma vez que foram capazes de promover economia de tempo, diminuir os gastos e riscos. Os ensaios apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios em termos de velocidade anal?tica e diminui??o no consumo de solventes. / The pharmaceutical industry and analytical laboratories around the world have focused on quality, safety and efficacy of their products. Processes used to minimize risks, such as Quality by Design (QbD), which recently has been attributed to the development of analytical methods, especially chromatographic methods. The Analytical Quality by Design (aQbD) uses planning tools experiments, risk analysis and continuous monitoring. For this, it makes use of simulation software, statistical tools and chemometrics. It is known that chromatographic methods are well consolidated and required by the regulatory agencies. It has been applied in various determinations in the pharmaceutical field, such as identification and quantification of drugs, metabolites, degradation products and impurities. The aim of this study was to use aQbD tools for the development of methods for ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Four methods were developed, namely: simultaneous quantification of dexamethasone acetate and clotrimazole in semisolid dosage forms, via HPLC to UHPLC method transfer (Chapter 1); simultaneous determination of corticosteroids and preservatives in solid core column with particle size of 1.3 ?m by using simulation software (Chapter 2); betamethasone valerate quantification in samples of cream, gel, lotion and ointment after method development by full factorial design 33 (Chapter 3); and simultaneous determination of corticosteroids after retention factor prediction model by QSRR (Chapter 4). The results showed that despite the need for optimization by the analyst, the use of aQbD tools such as statistical design or use of software, the aQbD is promising in the development of chromatographic methods of ultra efficiency, since they were able to promote time savings, lower costs and risks. The tests showed satisfactory results in terms of analysis speed and decrease of solvent consumption.

Submitted by Juliana Laiate (jlaiatetana@gmail.com) on 2018-10-04T19:13:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Laiate_Tese Doutorado_Correção Biblioteca_Versão Final.pdf: 5872852 bytes, checksum: c627770397e856b9d9aba7d0f399f835 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-10-05T13:30:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 laiate_j_dr_guara.pdf: 5872852 bytes, checksum: c627770397e856b9d9aba7d0f399f835 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T13:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 laiate_j_dr_guara.pdf: 5872852 bytes, checksum: c627770397e856b9d9aba7d0f399f835 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Outra / O interesse na diversificação da matriz energética por meio de fontes de energias renováveis tem promovido mudanças no âmbito nacional e internacional, em setores acadêmicos, industriais, sociais e governamentais com foco no desenvolvimento de processos biotecnológicos baseados nos três pilares da sustentabilidade: ambiental, social e econômico. Frente a esse contexto, as microalgas são consideradas uma fonte promissora alternativa para a produção de biocombustíveis por apresentarem alta taxa de crescimento e de concentração de lipídeos. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo do processo de cultivo da microalga marinha Chlorella minutíssima por meio da ferramenta DOE – Design of Experiments para maximização da sua concentração microalgal e do teor lipídico simultaneamente, além de sua caracterização termoquímica para aplicação no processo de gaseificação. O cultivo ocorreu em fotobiorreator tubular descontínuo do tipo coluna de bolhas seguindo o arranjo ortogonal L8 de Taguchi, e as variáveis de processo foram fluxo de CO2 na alimentação, concentração de nitrato, concentração de fosfato, suplementação, temperatura e salinidade. A investigação demonstrou que a concentração de nitrato e fosfato, o fluxo de gás carbônico, a suplementação do meio e a temperatura são fatores influentes na concentração microalgal e no teor lipídico, sendo a melhor configuração para maximização conjunta, utilizando-se a função desirability, com o nitrato operando em nível alto e os demais fatores em nível baixo. A análise elementar forneceu teores condizentes com alguns relatos da literatura, a termogravimetria auxiliou na identificação das faixas de temperatura com maior taxa de decomposição (300 °C a 400 °C), e o poder calorífico superior da biomassa encontrado se demonstrou atrativo para a produção de syngas quando comparado ao de materiais como casca de arroz e lascas de eucalipto já empregados na gaseificação em maior escala. Dessa forma, a metodologia empregada e os resultados apresentados neste trabalho podem auxiliar na busca da viabilização econômica do cultivo, em grande escala, da microalga marinha Chlorella minutíssima para produção de biocombustível pelo processo de gaseificação. / The interest in diversifying the energy matrix through renewable energy sources has promoted changes at the national and international levels in academic, industrial, social and governmental sectors, focused on the development of biotechnological processes based on the three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. In this context, microalgae are considered a strong promising alternative source for the production of biofuels due to their high rate of growth and lipid concentration. The present work carried out a study of the cultivation process of the marine microalgae Chlorella minutíssima using DOE – Design of Experiments to maximize the cell growth and the lipid content simultaneously, besides its thermochemical characterization for application in the gasification process. Cultivation occurred in a discontinuous-tubular photobioreactor, bubble-column type, following Taguchi L8 Orthogonal Array design, and the process variables were: CO2 feed flow rate, nitrate concentration, phosphate concentration, supplementation (metals and vitamins), temperature and salinity. Results showed that the nitrate and phosphate concentration, CO2 feed flow, supplements and temperature are influential factors in the cell growth and lipid content, and the best configuration presenting good results for simultaneous maximization, using desirability, was nitrate operating at high level and the other factors at low level. Ultimate analysis provided levels consistent with some reports in the literature. Thermogravimetric analysis identified the temperature ranges with the highest decomposition rate (300 °C to 400 °C). The higher heating value of the biomass found was attractive for the production of syngas when compared to raw materials such as rice husk and eucalyptus chips already used in the larger scale gasification. In face of, the methodology employed and the results presented in this work can be useful in seeking economic feasibility of the large-scale cultivation of Chlorella minutíssima for the production of biofuels by the gasification process. / PRH48 - ANP

Uranium (U) is a crucial contaminant in the Hanford Site. Remediation techniques to prevent contaminant migration of U located in the soils to other important water resources such as the Columbia River are of paramount importance. Given the location of the contaminant in the deep vadose zone, sequestration of U caused by ammonia (NH3) gas injections appears to be a feasible method to decrease U mobility in the contaminated subsurface via pH manipulation, ultimately converting aqueous U mobile phases to lower solubility precipitates that are stable in the natural environment. This study evaluated the stability of those U-bearing precipitates via preparation of artificial precipitates mimicking those that would be created after NH3 gas injections and sequential extractions experiment. Results showed that most of the U was recovered with the extracting solutions targeted to remove uranyl silicates and hard-to-extract U phases, suggesting that U present in the solid particles has strong bonds to the vadose zone sediments, causing the precipitates to be stable and therefore the remediation technology to be effective under the simulated conditions.

Submitted by João Paulo de Oliveira Freitas null (joaopaulo.web@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T01:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Joao_Paulo_de_Oliveira_Freitas_Versao_Final.pdf: 4118612 bytes, checksum: 1c718cf34ece9e66c44529e9ab3f5ece (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-03T16:21:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_jpo_me_bauru.pdf: 4118612 bytes, checksum: 1c718cf34ece9e66c44529e9ab3f5ece (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_jpo_me_bauru.pdf: 4118612 bytes, checksum: 1c718cf34ece9e66c44529e9ab3f5ece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-22 / Nas últimas décadas implantes dentários vêm sendo bem aceitos por odontologistas e pacientes devido à sua grande capacidade de reabilitação de funções e estética. Sendo assim, é constante a busca por soluções que forneçam boa estabilidade para o implante que está diretamente relacionada às características do sistema e do osso. A principal região de estudo é a interface osso-implante, em destaque para o osso cortical, onde a alta compressão acarreta o desgaste ósseo e instabilidade do implante. O trabalho em questão propõe a realização da análise paramétrica e a otimização da estrutura de um implante unitário em estado plano de deformação. Sendo assim, funções denominadas superfícies de resposta foram desenvolvidas. Nelas são fornecidos dados de geometria, carga e rigidez do osso cortical e como resposta são obtidas tensões de Von Mises no osso cortical. Simultaneamente, são identificados os parâmetros mais e menos influentes na resposta. Para isso, foram aplicados os conceitos de RSM (Response Surface Methodology) e DOE (Design of Experiments) juntamente com modelos em elementos finitos no plano bidimensional. Com a superfície de resposta definida, soluções de otimização estrutural foram desenvolvidas, para as quais objetivou-se a minimização da tensão no osso cortical e ao mesmo tempo a redução da área de osso removida, selecionando assim os melhores implantes para cada ponderação de objetivo. Assim, apresenta-se não só a interpretação da influência de cada parâmetro na resposta mecânica no osso, mas também um processo mais ágil na estimativa de tensões críticas através de funções e, com soluções multiobjetivas, dá suporte à escolha correta do implante, à investigação mais rápida de falhas e à proposta de soluções de forma mais apurada. / Over recent decades dental implants have been well accepted by dentists and patients due to its great capacity for rehabilitation of function and aesthetics. Thus, it is a constant search for solutions that provide good stability to the implant that is directly related to system characteristics and bone. The main study area is the bone-implant interface, especially the cortical bone, where high compression causes bone wear and instability of the implant. The work in question proposes the realization of parametric analysis and optimization of the structure of a single implant in plane strain state. So, functions denominated as response surface have been developed. For them are provided data like geometry, load and cortical bone stiffness and as response are obtained Von Mises stress in cortical bone. At the same time more and less influential parameters are identified in the response. For this were applied the concepts of RSM (Response Surface Methodology) and DOE (Design of Experiments) with finite element models in two-dimensional plane. With the response surface defined, structural optimization solutions have been developed to which the goal was to minimize the stress in the cortical bone while reducing the area of bone removed, thus selecting the best implants for each weighing goal. Therefore, it presents not only the interpretation of the influence of each parameter on the mechanical response in the bone, but also a faster process in the estimation of critical stress functions and with multiobjective solutions, supports the correct choice of implant, faster research of failures and the proposal for more accurate form of solutions.

No caso de indústrias que utilizam processos de tingimento, a remoção da cor dos seus efluentes líquidos é uma grande preocupação. Os corantes azóicos representam 60% dos corantes utilizados na atualidade em todo o mundo; no entanto, são conhecidos pelo seu efeito carcinogênico e mutagênico, tornando-se urgente o seu tratamento. Assim sendo, tem surgido diversas alternativas aos processos convencionais de tratamento, relativamente aos processos de tratamento de efluentes convencionais, notadamente o processo Fenton, que se tem mostrado bastante promissor. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a otimização do processo Fenton, relativamente ao descoramento de dois corantes azóicos: a azorubina (C20H12N2Na2O7S2, C.I. 14720) e a tartrazina (C16H7N4Na3O9S2, C.I. 19140). Para tal, realizou-se um planejamento composto central, ajustou-se um modelo polinomial (empírico) aos dados experimentais obtidos e obtiveram-se as condições ótimas: razão [Fe2+]/[H2O2] = 0,64 e 0,32, pH = 1,5 e 2,8 e temperatura = 39°C. As variáveis-resposta foram: o grau de descoramento (medido pela área sob o espectro na região do visível) e as concentrações residuais de H2O2 (método do vanadato) e Fe (método da o-fenantrolina). Determinou-se o grau de mineralização por análises de carbono orgânico dissolvido e também a fitotoxicidade a sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa). Realizaram-se análises por CLAE-DAD de forma a se observar a geração dos produtos de oxidação. Obtiveram-se descoramentos de aproximadamente 100% para os corantes isoladamente e em mistura. As concentrações residuais de H2O2 e Fe foram desprezíveis. As mineralizações alcançadas foram da ordem de 50%. Observou-se um aumento de fitotoxicidade após o processo Fenton. Verificou-se, também, o desempenho do processo na presença de dois aditivos comumente usados na indústria têxtil, um igualizante e um anti-espumante. A presença dos aditivos reduziu significativamente os graus de descoramento (de 100% para 90%) e de mineralização (de 50% para 10%). Em relação à fitotoxicidade, verificou-se que os aditivos tornam as soluções muito tóxicas, não tendo sido observado um aumento estatisticamente significativo após o processo Fenton. As análises cromatográficas mostraram, inequivocamente, a presença de pelo menos um produto de oxidação nas amostras tratadas. Concluiu-se que o processo Fenton apresentou um ótimo desempenho para o descoramento dos corantes estudados. Entretanto, a presença dos aditivos tenderia a prejudicar o tratamento de efluentes que contivessem tais corantes. / In the case of industries that use dyeing processes, the removal of color from their wastewaters is a major concern. The azo dyes account for 60% of the dyes currently in use worldwide. However, they are known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, making their treatment an urgent matter. Therefore, several alternatives to the conventional treatment processes have been devised, particularly the Fenton process, which has been proved to be very promising. In this work, the Fenton process optimization regarding the bleaching of two azo dyes was investigated: azorubine (C20H12N2Na2O7S2, C.I. 14720) and tartrazine (C16H7N4Na3O9S2, C.I. 19140). For that purpose, a central composite design was used, a polynomial (empiric) model was fitted to the experimental data, and the optimum conditions were determined: rate [Fe2+]/[H2O2] = 0.64 and 0.32, pH = 1.5 and 2.8, and temperature = 39°C. The response variables were: color removal (measured by the area under the spectrum obtained in the visible region) and the residual concentrations of H2O2 (vanadate method) and Fe (o-fenantroline method). It was determined the mineralization degree by dissolved organic carbon analyses and also the phytotoxicity to lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). HPLC-DAD analyses were performed in order to observe the generation of oxidation products. Color removals of approximately 100% were achieved for the each dyes and for a mixture of them. The residual concentrations of H2O2 and Fe were close to zero. Mineralizations around 50% were obtained and a phytotoxicity enhancement after Fenton\'s process. It has also been observed that the performance of that process in the presence of two textile auxiliary products (TAPs) commonly used, a leveling agent and an anti-foaming one. The auxiliaries reduced significantly color removal (from 100% to 90%) and the degree of mineralization (from 50% to 10%). Regarding the phytotoxicity, it was observed that the TAPs used rendered the solutions quite toxic, with no further statistically significant enhancement after the Fenton\'s process. The chromatographic analyses showed, undoubtedly, the presence of at least one oxidation product in the treated samples. It was concluded that the Fenton\'s process presented an excellent performance for removing the color of the studied dyes. However, the presence of the auxiliaries would tend to impair the treatment of wastewaters containing those dyes.

Tooling design is crucial for the production of cost-effective and durable composite products. As part of the current search for cost reduction (by reducing capital investment, energy use and cycle time), integrally-heated tooling is one of the technologies available for ‘out-of-autoclave’ processing of advanced thermoset polymer composites. Despite their advantages, integrally-heated tools can suffer from uneven distribution of temperature, variability in heat flow rate and inconsistency in heating/cooling time. This research, therefore, investigates a number of design variables such as shape and layout of heating channels in order to improve the heating performance of an integrally-heated tool. Design of Experiments (DoE) has been carried out using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array (OA) method to set several combinations of design parameters. Each of these design combinations has been evaluated through numerical simulation to investigate heating time and mould surface temperature variation. The simulation results suggest that the layout of the channels and their separation play a vital role in the heating performance. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been applied to the results obtained to identify the optimal design combination of the integrally-heated tool. Statistical analysis reveals that the heating performance of an integrally-heated tool can be significantly improved when the channels’ layout is parallel. The shape of the channels has negligible effect and the distance between the channels should be determined based on the production requirement. According to the predicted optimal design, a developed integrally water-heated tool is manufactured. The actual thermal properties of the constituent materials of the produced tool are also measured. Then a numerical model of the experimental tool model is simulated in ANSYS software, with setting the actual material properties and boundary condition to define the temperature uniformity and heating rate of the experimental tool. Comparison of the experimental and numerical results of the experimental tool confirmed the well assigning of the boundary conditions and material properties during simulation the heated tool. The experimental results also confirmed the predicted optimal design of the integrally heated tool. Finally, in order to define its thermomechanical behaviour under the effective (in service) thermal loads, a tool model is simulated. Numerical results presented that the produced extremes of thermal deformation, elastic strain, normal and plane shear stresses, under the effective thermal loading, are within the allowable elastic limits of the participated materials.

The diploma thesis deals with the processing of digestate, which is the remaining material after biogas production. It aims to experimentally prove how chosen operational parameters of antifoaming agents influence digestate foaming associated with the vacuum evaporating technology. Based on the research of available antifoamers and the issue of digestate foaming itself, it was observed how three selected antifoamers (i.e. rapeseed oil, silicone antifoamer Erbslöh Schaum-ex and oleic acid), together with the decrease in the pH factor of the evaporating digestate, influence the final foam production. For the purposes of the research, an apparatus simulating the vacuum evaporating process was set up in which the heated sample was brought to boil by gradual pressure decrease. The process of foaming was observed in a transparent cylinder of a testing culumn. The essential part of the experimental activity is represented by a planned experiment which by means of a DoE (Design of experiments) method proved rapeseed oil to be very efficient. In contrast, other antifoamers, as well as the influence of the pH factor decrease, manifested themselves as insignificant factors, while the oleic acid even supported the foaming. The supplementary measurements led to a more detailed research of the effects of rapeseed oil and to the construction of a mathematical model describing how the concentration of rapeseed oil undermines the amount of generated foam. The main contribution of the thesis is firstly the evidence that rapeseed oil plays an important part in the reduction process of digestate foaming and secondly the determination of minimum substance concentration leading to the foaming reduction of a particular sample which is considered efficient enough to enable functioning of a vacuum evaporator. The thesis has also experimentally demonstrated the influence of some polymer organic flocculants which have been proved to support the foaming.

This diploma thesis deals with the production process optimization. The cutting operation and the lathe-turning issue is described in this thesis. In the practical part the production process is analyzed, the designed experiment (DOE) is suggested and evaluated. In the end of the practical part there is the evaluation of the machined material in the light of microstructure. On the basis of the partial findings the enclosures are done and the recommendations leading to the production optimization are suggested.