[pt] Esta tese, que se constitui na interface entre a Psicolinguística e os Estudos da Tradução, tem como objetivo investigar questões associadas a custo de processamento na tradução de DPs em inglês, com núcleo nominal precedido de dois ou três modificadores substantivos, adjetivos ou mistos, para o português. Além disso, busca-se refinar, a partir da integração entre as duas áreas, uma caracterização do processo tradutório com base em evidências da tradução dos DPs e de custo associado ao mesmo, de modo a contemplar tanto aspectos mais globais quanto microestruturais. Para tanto, faz-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os estudos processuais de tradução, com o intuito de verificar os tipos de pesquisa realizados na área, os objetos de investigação e os principais modelos do processo tradutório. São abordadas, também, a estrutura do DP e as características da pré-modificação em inglês, com vistas a avaliar em que medida as diferenças estruturais entre as duas línguas acarretam dificuldades para a tradução desse tipo de sintagma e, consequentemente, custo de processamento. Dentre os fatores que podem acarretar custo, examinam-se, em especial, os atrelados à estrutura do DP, como a diferença de posição entre núcleos e modificadores em inglês e português – o que exigiria a aplicação de uma operação de conversão –, número e tipo de modificadores e a potencial ambiguidade estrutural de alguns tipos de DPs, podendo implicar reanálise. São verificados, também, custos associados à tarefa tradutória em um nível mais global, considerando-se a interrupção do fluxo tradutório, as modificações realizadas nos DPs e as fases em que elas ocorrem. Para verificar custo de processamento associado aos DPs, foram elaboradas três atividades experimentais, que fazem uso de técnicas utilizadas nos Estudos da Tradução (Translog e Camtasia) e também em Psicolinguística (PsyScope). A atividade aplicada a tradutores experientes pretende investigar o processo de tradução de DPs com múltipla modificação tendo em vista as pausas relacionadas à tradução da estrutura, os tipos de modificação realizados e as fases do processo tradutório em que ocorrem (redação ou revisão). Ademais, procura-se avaliar se o comportamento global dos participantes se repete no nível local, relativo à tradução dos DPs. As atividades aplicadas aos tradutores novatos buscam investigar a noção da diferença entre núcleos e modificadores em estruturas de DP com múltiplos modificadores e, também, a consideração de elementos de desambiguização, como posição do adjetivo e gênero dos modificadores, ao se avaliar a adequabilidade de uma tradução. Os resultados sugerem que o número de modificadores e tipo de modificador estão relacionados a custo de processamento da estrutura em inglês. Os resultados também mostram que os tradutores experientes e novatos conseguem identificar corretamente o núcleo da estrutura e utilizam estratégias de minimização de custo, como realizar modificações ao longo do fluxo do processo tradutório, optar por estruturas não ambíguas e que não causem algum tipo de estranhamento na língua-alvo. Percebe-se, portanto, uma atenção à organização da estrutura em português e uma preocupação em produzir e optar por construções menos custosas para o tradutor e o potencial público leitor. / [en] This thesis, which lies at the interface between Psycholinguisticsand Translation Studies, is aimed at investigating issues related to processing cost involved in the translation of complex DPs with multiple premodification (by two or three noun and adjective modifiers) in English. In addition, based on an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis is also aimed at characterizing the translation process based on evidences regarding DPs and cost related to it. Therefore, in order to verify the types of research conducted in the field of Translation Process Research, as well as the main translation process models, the literature on Translation Process Researchis reviewed. DP structures and the characteristics of premodification in English are also mentioned, so that it can be possible to evaluate the degree to which structural differences between the English and Portuguese languages cause difficulties concerning the translation of this type of phrase and, consequently, processing cost attributed to it. Among the factors that may lead to processing cost, we especially analyze cost related to the DP structure, such as the difference of head and modifier positions in English and Portuguese (making it necessary to switch the order of the items in the structure), the number and types of modifiers and the potential syntactic ambiguity present in some types of DPs, which could possibly lead to phrasereanalysis. We also verify cost related to the global translation process, considering the interruption of the translation process flow, the editing procedures applied to DPs and the phases of the translation process in which they take place. In order to analyze cost related to the DPs, three experiments were designed by employing the techniques used in Translation Process Research (Translog and Camtasia) and in Psycholinguistics research(PSyscope).The activity conducted with experienced translators is aimed at investigating the process involved in the translation of DPs with multiple modifiers regarding the pauses related to the translation of the structure, the types of editing procedures adopted and the phases of the translation process in which they occur (drafting or revision phase). The activities conducted with novice translators are aimed at evaluating if they are aware of the differences regarding heads and modifiers in DP structures with multiple modifiers in both languages and if, when evaluating the plausibility of a translation, they take into account morphosyntactic aspects related to the adjective position and gender of the modifiers in order to avoid possible ambiguity. The results suggest that the number and type of modifiers are related to processing cost involved in the DP structure in English. The results also show that the experienced and novice translators are able to correctly identify the head of the structure and make use of strategies in order to reduce cost, such as adopting editing procedures during the flow of translation process, choosing non-ambiguous structures in the Portuguese renderings or avoiding any option that could call the attention forbeing awkward. It is, therefore, possible to observe that the participants pay attention to the organization of the structure in Portuguese and they are also worried about rendering or choosing structures that are less cognitively demanding for the translator and the reader.

Oxidative stress is a universal phenomenon experienced by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the stress, which can damage most cellular components including proteins, lipids and DNA. Naturally, organisms have evolved defence mechanisms to prevent oxidative damage. In prokaryotic systems, Dps (DNA binding protein from stationary phase cells) forms an important component of the mechanisms. Dps is known to be produced maximally during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. They exhibit ferroxidase activity as well. Dps homologs have been identified in a variety of distantly related bacteria, thus implying that this protein has a crucial function. The crystal structures of these proteins from a few bacteria are available. The work reported here is concerned with structural studies on Dps molecules from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Well-established X-ray crystallographic techniques were used to study the structures reported here. Hanging drop vapour diffusion and microbatch methods were used for crystallization. X-ray intensity data were collected on MAR Research imaging plates mounted on Rigaku X-ray generators. The data were processed using the HKL program suite. All the structures were solved by the molecular replacement method using the programs AMoRe and PHASER. Structure refinements were carried out using the programs CNS and REFMAC. Model building was carried out using FRODO and COOT. PROCHECK, ALIGN, INSIGHT, NACCESS, HBPLUS, CONTACT and ESCET were used for validation and analysis of the refined structures. Figures were prepared using MOLSCRIPT, BOBSCRIPT, RASTER3D and PYMOL. The structure of the first Dps identified in M. smegmatis has been determined in three crystal forms and has been compared with those of similar proteins from other sources. The dodecameric molecule can be described as a distorted icosahedron. The interfaces among subunits are such that the dodecameric molecule appears to have been made up of stable trimers. The situation is similar in the proteins from Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which are closer to the M. smegmatis protein in sequence and structure than those from other sources, which appear to form a dimer first. Trimerisation is aided in the three proteins by the additional N-terminal stretches they possess. The M. smegmatis protein has an additional C-terminal stretch compared to other related proteins. The stretch, known to be involved in DNA binding, is situated on the surface of the molecule. A comparison of the available structures permits a delineation of the rigid and flexible regions in the molecule. The subunit interfaces around the molecular dyads, where the ferroxidation centres are located, are relatively rigid. Regions in the vicinity of the acidic holes centred around molecular threefold axes, are relatively flexible. So are the DNA binding regions. The crystal structures of the protein from M. smegmatis confirm that DNA molecules can occupy spaces within the crystal without disturbing the arrangement of the protein molecules. However, contrary to earlier suggestions, the spaces need not to be between layers of the protein molecules. The cubic form provides an arrangement in which grooves, which could hold DNA molecules, criss-cross the crystal. M. smegmatis Dps is characterised by a 26 residue C-terminal tail which has been shown to be involved in DNA binding. The protein spontaneously degrades into a species in which 16 C-terminal residues are cleaved away. This species does not bind DNA, but forms dodecamers. A second species in which all the 26 residues constituting the tail were deleted not only does not bind to DNA, but also fails to assemble into dodecamers, indicating a role in assembly also for the C terminal tail. Therefore, the crystal structure of the species without the entire C-terminal tail was carried out. The molecule of the C-terminal mutant has an unusual open decameric structure, resulting from the removal of two adjacent subunits from the original dodecameric structure of the native form. It has been earlier shown that a Dps dodecamer could assemble with a dimer or one of two trimers (Trimer-A and Trimer-B) as intermediate and that Trimer-A is the intermediate species in the M. smegmatis protein. Estimation of surface area buried on trimerisation indicates that association within Trimer-B is weak. It further weakens when the C-terminal tail is removed, leading to the disruption of the dodecameric structure. Thus, the C-terminal tail has a dual role, one in DNA binding and the other in the assembly of the dodecamer. M. smegmatis Dps also has a short N-terminal tail of 9 residues. A species with this tail deleted, forms trimers in solution, but not dodecamers unlike wild type M. smegmatis Dps, under the same conditions. The crystal structure of this N-terminal mutant was also determined. Unlike in solution, the N-terminal mutant forms dodecamers in the crystal. In native Dps, the N-terminal stretch of one subunit and the C-terminal stretch of a neighbouring subunit lock each other into ordered positions. The deletion of one stretch results in the disorder of the other. This disorder appears to result in the formation of a trimeric species of the N-terminal deletion mutant contrary to the indication provided by the native structure. The ferroxidation site is intact in the mutants. A second DNA binding protein from stationary phase cells of M. smegmatis (MsDps2) has been identified from the bacterial genome and its crystal structure determined. The core dodecameric structure of MsDps2 is the same as that of the Dps from the organism described earlier (MsDps1). However, MsDps2 possesses a long N-terminal tail instead of the C-terminal tail in MsDps1. This tail appears to be involved in DNA binding. It is also intimately involved in stabilizing the dodecamer. Partly on account of this factor, MsDps2 assembles straightway into the dodecamer while MsDps1 does so on incubation after going through an intermediate trimeric stage. The ferroxidation centre is similar in the two proteins while the pores leading to it exhibit some difference. The mode of sequestration of DNA in the crystalline array of molecules, as evidenced by the crystal structures, appears to be different in MsDps1 and MsDps2, highlighting the variability in the mode of Dps-DNA complexation. A sequence search led to the identification of 300 Dps molecules in bacteria with known genome sequences. 50 bacteria contain 2 or more types of Dps molecules each, while 195 contain only one type. Some bacteria, notably some pathogenic ones, do not contain Dps. A sequence signature for Dps could also be derived from the analysis In addition to the work on Dps molecules, the author was also involved in studies on the crystal structures of the adipic acid complexes of L- and DL-arginine and supramolecular association in arginine-dicarboxylic acid complexes. This investigation, carried out primarily to obtain a good grounding in crystallography, is presented in an appendix.

This thesis deals with design and production of teaching kits with Atmel AVR microcontroller. This kit includes a processor board and modules, which will connect to the board. It describes the equipment needed for software design and programming of microcontroller and technological processes to create a kit. Also, it will find the basic theoretical knowledge to work with the ATmega8535 microcontroller. Kit along with a disc on which are recorded all the diagrams, pictures and programs created by me, will be attached to the thesis.

This thesis is describing DPS power and data circuits installations for a historical listed building. Firstly, the theory describes requirements for architects and designs, the types of designs, the laws and directives. This part also contains instructions on how to lay the circuits, how to create environmental report and other topics closely related to design and architecture. Secondly, there is description of the design of the power and data installations for the building. The third practical section contains full project design documentation for power and data circuits for this building including technical drawing, environmental report, ground plans of the building, drawings of switchboards and block drawings. The outcome of this report is to present the theory and then create all relevant documentation for this historical building.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo_Cesar_dos_Reis_Tinini.pdf: 1217086 bytes, checksum: 84ee940ce68ac6116f4ad8c4dfe511bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The demand for safer food comes highlighting the need to assess the quality of food production, and milk is a good example as the most complete food. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality and milk composition, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in agroecological production systems and conventional systems, relating with the frequency of milking practices types of installations, climatic factors, frequency and type of food provided. Data collection was performed in the years 2013 and 2014, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire guide, to identify management strategies adopted by producers in the dairy production systems (DPS), in the municipality of Diamante d'Oeste-PR, and DPS in the city of Toledo-PR, both in the western region of Paraná, held monthly collections of milk for composition analysis and quality. For the statistical analysis a cluster analysis was done to form groups and then went round one descriptive statistics on the practices carried out by groups, being also applied a t Test for independent samples at significance level of 5%, as well as a correlation test. The cluster classification analysis allowed grouping the initial group of 40 production systems in 3 homogeneous groups of systems: Group 1, group with better quality compared to normative instruction 62 (IN62), with SCC values of 290.97 (cel x1000/mL) and TBC 226.40 (x1000 CFU/mL); Group 2, with SCC 645.55 (x1000 cel/mL) and TBC 823.43 (x1000 CFU/mL), out of IN 62; and Group 3, with CCS 400.00 (x1000 cel/mL), low and high value of TBC 2116.87 (x1000 CFU/mL), out of IN 62. There were significant differences for protein, lactose, total solids and TBC (total bacterial count), there was correlation between the components of the analyzed milk, and no influence of rainfall during the year on the composition and quality of milk. The milk composition changed when comparing the DPS's agro-ecological and conventional base during the year. The milk composition was influenced by climatic factors and the animal feed, varied between the months of the year, and the quality is mainly compromised by practices hygiene and managements adopted / A demanda de alimentos mais seguros vem evidenciando a necessidade de avaliar a qualidade da produção de alimentos e o leite é um forte exemplo, por ser o alimento mais completo. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e composição do leite, gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais, CCS (contagem de células somáticas) e CBT (contagem bacteriana total), em sistemas de produção de base agroecológica e em sistemas convencionais, relacionando-os com a frequência de práticas de ordenha, tipos de instalações, fatores climáticos e frequência e tipo de alimentos fornecidos. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos anos de 2013 e 2014, por meio da aplicação de um questionário guia semiestruturado, para identificar os manejos adotados pelos produtores nos sistemas de produção leiteiro (SPL), no município de Diamante d Oeste-PR, e em SPL no município de Toledo-PR, ambos na região oeste do Paraná, realizadas as coletas mensais de leite para as análises de composição e qualidade. Para as análises estatísticas, foi realizada a análise de clusters para formação dos grupos e então foi rodada uma estatística descritiva sobre as práticas realizadas pelos grupos. Também foi aplicado um Teste t para amostras independentes, ao nível de significância de 5%, e um teste de correlação. A análise de classificação de cluster permitiu agrupar o universo inicial de 40 sistemas de produção em 3 grupos homogêneos de sistemas: o Grupo 1, grupo com uma melhor qualidade em relação à instrução normativa 62 (IN62), com valores de CCS de 290,97 (cel x1000/mL) e contagem bacteriana total (CBT) 226,40 (UFC x1000/mL); o Grupo 2, com CCS 645,55 (cel x1000/mL) e CBT 823,43 (UFC x1000/mL), fora da IN 62; e o Grupo 3, com CCS 400,00 (cel x1000/mL), baixo e alto valor de CBT 2116,87 (UFC x1000/mL), fora da IN 62. Houve diferença significativa para proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e CBT, houve correlação entre os componentes analisados do leite e houve influência da precipitação ao longo do ano na composição e qualidade do leite. A composição do leite foi alterada quando comparamos os SPL s de base agroecológica e convencional durante o ano. A composição do leite foi influenciada por fatores climáticos e pela alimentação animal, e variou entre os meses do ano, e a qualidade foi comprometida principalmente por práticas de higiene e manejo adotados

Este trabajo reporta un estudio aplicado, observacional de corte comparativo con un nivel de investigación descriptivo, explicativo y correlacional. Tiene como problema general: ¿En qué medida influye la aplicación de los dispositivos DPS en la protección de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos en la Minera Chinalco de Morococha 2015? El objetivo general es determinar la influencia de la aplicación de los dispositivos DPS en la protección de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos en la Minera Chinalco de Morococha 2015. Sigue la hipótesis que los dispositivos DPS influyen para mejorar significativamente el funcionamiento de los equipos eléctricos y electrónicos, incrementando la productividad. El propósito de la investigación es que a base de los resultados obtenidos se propondrá sugerencias para mejorar la problemática encontrada en la unidad de análisis. / Tesis

In mechanical industry, both additive and subtractive manufacturing methods are controlled by instructions in G-code, making it possible to utilize both technologies in one modular device. Main objective is to design, construct, and calibrate multipurpose machine based on RepRap 3D printer, which will be able to use attached spindle to precisely mill light materials. Particular emphasis is given to ability to carve a pattern and drill holes in plated substrate in order to create functional PCB by incision.

The master´s thesis deals with the design of the solar heating regulator of the swimming pool. The basis was to study the available solutions for the solar pool controllers, to define the requirements, to design the concept and the block diagram of the own thermostat. The thesis also provides a description of several for the Internet of Things. The most suitable is used to control the thermostat. The resulting thermostat regulates two power outputs for filtration and the pump, it can be set using the keyboard and graphic display. At the end of the work is practically verified functionality on the model and on the real pool with solar heating.

This thesis deals with the teoretical description of the solder during reflow soldering the solder paste and describing the defects arising during this process. Practical part of the thesis describes the testing of two solder pastes with different silver content before and after the accelerated temperature cycle.

This master´s thesis deals with bismuth low temperature solder pastes. Describes the properties of bismuth solder pastes. It shows the process of manufacturing a printed circuit board for test. The thesis also characterizes laboratory temperature profile setting for the BiSn soldering pastes. Solder paste printing and placement 0 ohm rezistors to printed circuit boards with different surface finishes in the manufacturing plant. Setting of solder profiles for low soldering pastes in reflow oven. Testing resistence of mounted zero resistor on the test board at different aging temperature were analysed. Resistance measurement after a specified time. Testing of solder joint strenght of printed circuit boards for different surface treatments. Changes in structure wereanalysed on microsections for solder pastes.