The catalytic depolymerization/pyrolysis of nylon 6 and 66 were investigated with the prospect of helping to curb the amount of carpet landfilled. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine which catalysts (and their nylon/catalyst ratio) were most suited for the depolymerization. By adding bases, the onset of degradation for some bases was 100 aC lower than that of the pure nylons. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide were found to be the most effective catalysts at a catalyst ratio of 100:1 of nylon 6 and nylon 66 to catalyst, respectively. After determining the most efficient catalyst, kinetic models/parameters from the TGA data were determined. These parameters were used in a reactive extrusion model for depolymerizing nylon 6 in carpet. Data from the model was then used to do cost analysis for the process. It was found that to get a Present Value Ratio greater than 1, the flow rate has to be greater than or equal to 500 lb/hr. At even higher flow rates up to the model¡¦s limit (1500 lb/hr), the Net Present Value shows that this process is economically viable. Extrusion of a 100:1 ratio of pure N6 and KOH was done in a 30 mm counter-rotating non-intermeshing twin screw extruder. The material collected from the vents of the extruder was tested with a gas chromatograph- mass spectrum (GC-MS) in tandem. There was only one significant peak from the GC and the primary molecular weight on the MS was 113, the molecular weight of caprolactam. This shows that the process could be profitable and require little purification if done industrially.

Orientadores: Mario Jino, Silvia Regina Vergilio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T21:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emer_MariaClaudiaFigueiredoPereira_D.pdf: 934024 bytes, checksum: dbb2079115b56358ff3dc9e747df6386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Dados são manipulados em várias aplicações de software envolvendo operações críticas. Em tais aplicações assegurar a qualidade dos dados manipulados é fundamental. Esquemas de dados definem a estrutura lógica e os relacionamentos entre os dados. O teste de esquemas por meio de abordagens, critérios e ferramentas de teste específicos é uma forma pouco explorada de assegurar a qualidade de dados definidos por esquemas. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de teste baseada em classes de defeitos comumente identificados em esquemas de dados. Um metamodelo de dados é definido para especificar os esquemas que podem ser testados e as restrições aos dados nos esquemas. Defeitos possíveis de serem revelados são os relacionados à definição incorreta ou ausente de restrições aos dados no esquema. A abordagem inclui a geração automática de um conjunto de teste que contém instâncias de dados e consultas a essas instâncias; as instâncias de dados e as consultas são geradas de acordo com padrões definidos em cada classe de defeito. Experimentos nos contextos de aplicações Web e de base de dados foram realizados para ilustrar a aplicação da abordagem / Abstract: Data are used in several software applications involving critical operations. In such applications to ensure the quality of the manipulated data is fundamental. Data schemas define the logical structure and the relationships among data. Testing schemas by means of specific testing approaches, criteria and tools has not been explored adequately as a way to ensure the quality of data defined by schemas. This work proposes a testing approach based on fault classes usually identified in data schemas. A data metamodel is defined to specify the schemas that can be tested and the constraints to the data in schemas. This testing approach provides means for revealing faults related to incorrect or absent definition of constraints for the data in the schema. The approach includes the automatic generation of a test set which contains data instances and queries to these instances; the data instances and queries are generated according to patterns defined in each fault class. Experiments in the contexts of Web and database applications were carried out to illustrate the testing approach application / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-13T19:13:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_garcia_marcelle_oliveira.pdf: 1055386 bytes, checksum: 1f647fb5a10c4cf0687a2319f62ebb9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T19:38:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_garcia_marcelle_oliveira.pdf: 1055386 bytes, checksum: 1f647fb5a10c4cf0687a2319f62ebb9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T19:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_garcia_marcelle_oliveira.pdf: 1055386 bytes, checksum: 1f647fb5a10c4cf0687a2319f62ebb9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / As doenças transmitidas por alimentos são um grande problema de saúde pública. Nos últimos anos, estudos têm sido realizados com frutas nativas do Brasil e direcionados à descoberta de novos agentes antimicrobianos, provenientes de plantas, para que possam ser utilizados como antimicrobianos naturais por apresentarem compostos bioativos na sua composição. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar quimicamente, avaliar e comparar a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais e extratos metanólicos de Psidium cattleianum S. (araçá) e Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) contra cepas padrão e isolados provenientes de alimentos cárneos de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Através da cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrofotometria realizada para os óleos essenciais foi identificado 21 compostos para P. cattleianum S., sendo o beta-cariofileno (20,40%) o principal e 14 constituintes para E. uniflora L. com o elixeno (24,47%) como majoritário. Já na caracterização química dos extratos utilizando cromatografia por HPLC-UV encontraram como ácidos fenólicos 2,95mg.g- 1 de ácido gálico (E. uniflora L.) e 2,08mg.g-1 de ácido cafeico (P. cattleianum S.). Na determinação de compostos fenólicos totais, os resultados mostraram 1,72mg.g-1 de fenóis totais para o extrato de E. uniflora L. e 7,1mg.g-1 para P. cattleianum S.. A análise do perfil de sensibilidade das cepas e isolados mostrou que os isolados e cepa padrão de Salmonella apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade a pelo menos 4 antimicrobianos (estreptomicina, gentamicina, norfloxacina e levofloxacina), os isolados e a cepa padrão de S. aureus apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade frente a norfloxacina, ciprofloxacina e gentamicina; a cepa padrão e os isolados de E. coli foram sensíveis a onze dos dezesseis antimicrobianos avaliados; e a cepa e os isolados de Listeria apresentaram 100% de sensibilidade a cloranfenicol, gentamicina, trimetoprima e levofloxacina. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas: potencial antimicrobiano, concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), sendo que nos testes o óleo essencial de E. uniflora L. foi utilizado em concentrações variando entre 270mg.mL-1 a 1,6mg.mL- 1, P. cattleianum entre 291,3mg.mL-1 a 1,7mg.mL-1. Já para os extratos, o extrato metanólico de E. uniflora L. variando entre 251,7mg.mL-1 a 1,5mg.mL-1 e o de P. cattleianum S. entre 244,4mg.mL-1 a 1,4mg.mL-1. Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações de CIM de 107,8mg.mL-1 para o extrato de E. uniflora L., de 244,4mg.mL-1 para o extrato de P. cattleianum S., 291,3 mg.mL-1 para o óleo essencial de P. cattleianum S. e 54 mg.mL-1 para o óleo de E. uniflora L. foram as concentrações que garantiram a inibição de todos os micro-organismos testados. O óleo essencial de E. uniflora L. foi o mais eficaz para inibir o crescimento de bactérias de importância alimentar, pois apresentou a concentração de 54mg.mL-1 como a menor concentração suficiente para inibir todas as bactérias testadas e 270mg.mL-1 para eliminá-las / Foodborne diseases are a major public health problem. In the last years, studies have been carried out with Brazilian native fruits and directed to the discovery of new antimicrobial agents from plants, so that they can be used as natural antimicrobials because they present bioactive compounds in their composition. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically, evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and methanolic extracts of Psidium cattleianum S. (araçá) and Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) against standard strains and isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Gas chromatography coupled to spectrophotometry was performed for the essential oils 21 compounds were identified for P. cattleianum S., with betacaryophyllene (20,40%) being the main constituent and 14 constituents for E. uniflora L., with elixene (24,47%) as the majority. In the chemical characterization of the extracts using HPLC-UV chromatography, were found as phenolic acids, 2.95 mg.g-1 of gallic acid (E. uniflora L.) and 2.08 mg.g-1 of caffeic acid (P. cattleianum S.). In the determination of total phenolic compounds, the results showed 1.72mg.g-1 of total phenols for the extract of E. uniflora L. and 7.1mg.g-1 for P. cattleianum S.. Analysis of the sensitivity profile of strains and isolates showed that the isolates and standard strain of Salmonella showed 100% sensitivity to at least 4 antimicrobials (streptomycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin), the isolates and the standard strain of S. aureus presented 100% sensitivity to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin; the standard strain and E. coli isolates were sensitive to eleven of the sixteen antimicrobials evaluated; and the strain and Listeria isolates showed 100% sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim and levofloxacin. Microbiological analyzes were performed: antimicrobial potential, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and in the tests the essential oil of E. uniflora L. was used in concentrations varying between 270mg.mL-1 to 1.6mg.mL -1, P. cattleianum S. from 291.3mg.mL-1 to 1.7mg.mL-1. For the extracts, the methanolic extract of E. uniflora L. ranging from 251.7mg.mL-1 to 1.5mg.mL-1 and P. cattleianum S. from 244.4mg.mL-1 to 1, 4mg.mL-1. The results showed that MIC concentrations of 107.8mg.mL-1 for the extract of E. uniflora L., 244.4mg.mL-1 for extract of P. cattleianum S., 291.3mg.mL-1 for P. cattleianum S. essential oil and 54mg.mL-1 for E. uniflora L. oil were the concentrations that ensured the inhibition of all tested microorganisms. The essential oil of E. uniflora L. was the most effective to inhibit the growth of food-grade bacteria, as it presented the concentration of 54mg.mL-1 as the lowest concentration sufficient to inhibit all the bacteria tested and 270mg.mL-1 to eliminate them.

In this work synthesis of structure cobaltites based on Ca-Co-O system is discussed. As major way of synthesis was chosen citric acid method. The document is devided into theoretical and experimental part and also into discussion of observed results. Main focus of literary research is general utilization and function of thermoelectric materials, related thermoeletric effects according to structural defects in crystals. Also topic of cobaltite ceramics is described. Due to the fact that calcium-cobalt oxides are conductive, their use is point of interest in high-temperature and energy applications. During experiments differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), X-Ray diffraction, heat microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used.

The Ni-base superalloy, IN-718, has been coated with alumina sols. Coated surfaces, carrying alumina layers having thicknesses between 0.6 μm and 3.6 μm show a significantly reduced oxidation rate when compared with uncoated reference surfaces, even if heating temperature is increased up to 900 °C and heating time is extended to 800 h. Alumina layers were prepared via sol-gel processing using a modified Yoldas procedure to obtain alumina sols. No change in rheological sol behavior was observed for more than 1 year of aging under static conditions at room temperature. Depending on pH value, modified Yoldas sols contain a manifold of Al species, among them Al13 polycations. Thermal evolution of sol derived alumina powders depends on Al speciation of parent sols. Depending on sol composition, both gamma-Al2O3 and eta-Al2O3 occur as intermediate transition aluminas. Phase composition and gas phase velocity influence oxygen permeability of thin layers prepared with modified Yoldas sols.

South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa are subject to double taxation. This thesis evaluates whether South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa receive full relief from double taxation in South Africa. The thesis provides a qualitative examination of the fundamental legal designs used for the allocation of the right to mine oil and gas and the fiscal regimes applied to the taxation of oil and gas mining at the source. The thesis explores the basis for taxation of foreign oil and gas income in South Africa and the remedies for double taxation in terms of the domestic tax legislation. Assuming that a tax treaty exists between South Africa and the host government, qualification for double taxation relief and classification of income in terms of a double taxation agreement (DTA) are evaluated. It is anticipated that a South African resident Oil and Gas company will choose the most favourable method and form of double tax relief when filing its corporate tax return in South Africa based on the commercial impact thereof. To aid in this decision, the thesis contrasts the quantum of the double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation with that available under the DTA. Using an adaptation of the IMF's FARI methodology, a quantitative analysis of the economic impact for a South African resident Oil and Gas company mining in Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and, Nigeria is examined. The thesis concludes that there are circumstances where South African resident Oil and Gas companies are unable to achieve full double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation and make recommendations (where applicable) for amendments to the domestic tax legislation to achieve a form of full double tax relief as close as possible to the single tax principle.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (Specialising in Taxation) / South Africa had entered into 97 double taxation agreements (at the time of this study in 2014) with other countries which generally contain an article which authorises the exchange of information between South Africa and the treaty partner. The 2008 global financial crisis re-emphasized the increase in tax planning structures as a result of globalisation to avoid or evade taxes and this highlighted the need for a more transparent tax information sharing platform. Since the 2008 economic crisis, one of the key themes has been the attempts to co-ordinate reform of the global financial system in the pursuit of greater international transparency. Since 2012 Treasury started entering into agreements with various other countries to enhance the transparency of taxes paid by entering into exchange of information agreements: these includes the Bilateral Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA) and the Multilateral Mutual Administrative Assistance (MAA) Agreements and the agreement entered into with the United States of America known as the FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) agreement, signed 9 June 2014. This will support the Double Tax Agreement already in place to enhance the information sharing regime. Government Notices 508 and 509, Gazette number 37778, were published on 27 June 2014 in order to facilitate FATCA compliance in terms of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (TAA) sections 26, 29 and 30. As FATCA is a new agreement, there is a limited overview of the impact of this exchange of information agreement. This report is to gain insight into the reasons for implementing these agreements, an overview of these agreements and the implications of these agreements, with a specific focus on the newest agreement, FATCA.

No description available.

In an ever-evolving social media landscape, online communication has become more prone to the revelation of our affective states. In this study, I investigate how iterations of emotional capital, an extension of Pierre Bourdieu’s four forms of capital, shape social interaction in mediated relationships on YouTube, a platform that fosters a participatory culture. Previously, the field of media studies has devoted itself to the cognitive-behavioural effects of media consumption, allowing research on consumers’ emotionality as an influence on virtual sociality to be left behind. I attempt to elucidate the emotional footprint left by the discourse of the user comment by applying Marci D. Cottingham’s theorisation on emotional capital, paired with Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s Discourse Theory and by extension Discourse Theoretical Analysis expanded by Nico Carpentier et al on a sample of three sets of thirty most popular user comments, each attributed to a video by UK-based content creators Jade Bowler, Lucy Moon, and Venetia La Manna, to argue that the sociality found within their discourse is formed by the parasocial relationship the user exhibits towards the creator. Depending on the affective distance the user expressed towards the creator or to the other subscribers, different forms of emotional capital emerged - care and vulnerability derived from the address to self; inspiration, communication, encouragement stemming from the address to the community; and empathy and respect originating in the address to the creator. Thus, this study provides a novel outlook on mediated relationships in an online setting, where users actively, and more importantly, emotionally engage with themselves, their community, and the creator, to form affective social networks.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO FREITAS LIMA.pdf: 13768169 bytes, checksum: 153d5257eed9a0961aaeaac94e224f89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Paranasal sinus are important objects of study to rhinosinusitis diagnostic, having some papers related incidence between asthma and allergic rhinitis.Many applications can calculate to various parts of the human body, getting a CT scan or MRI input, and returning information about the region of interest observed as volume and area. The accumulated mucus in the sinuses is one of the areas of interest that have not yet been implemented methods for the calculation of volume and area. In the present scenario, the patient monitoring is done visually, depending largely on perception of the evaluator. Therefore, we seek to implement more accurate metrics to facilitate medical care to the patient and it can help prevent the worsening of rhinitis in a given patient, developing mechanisms of visual and numerical comparison, where it is possible observe the progress of treatment. This work contains a detailed study of how certain existing techniques, combined into one methodology can segment and calculate the accumulated mucus in the maxillary sinus. In addition to techniques such as Thresholding, Gaussian filter, Mathematical Morphology, Metallic Artifacts Reduction during processing and segmentation, MUNC and DTA to calculate the volume and area, and visualization techniques as the Marching Cubes, it was also necessary some adjustments in the algorithm for limit the region of interest where the thresholding combined with the gaussian filter has not been effective of retaining edges. The application will use two open source platforms, one for processing, ITK, and another for visualization, VTK. The results demonstrated that it is possible to perform segmentation and the calculation with the use of platforms as well as the methodology used is adequate to solve this problem. / Os seios paranasais são importantes objetos de estudo para o diagnóstico de rinossinusites, tendo alguns estudos relacionado a incidência de asma na fase adulta a quadros de rinite alérgica na infância. Muitas aplicações atendem a diversas partes do corpo humano, obtendo de entrada uma tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética, e devolvendo, muitas vezes, números que dizem respeito ao objeto de interesse observado, como volume e área. O muco acumulado nos seios paranasais é uma das regiões de interesse que ainda não tiveram métodos implementados para o cálculo do volume e área. No cenário atual, o acompanhamento do paciente é feito de forma visual, dependendo muito da percepção do avaliador. Portanto, busca-se a implementação de métricas mais precisas para facilitar o acompanhamento médico ao paciente e ajudar na prevenção do agravamento de um quadro de rinite em um determinado paciente, criando mecanismos de comparação visual e numérica, onde é possível observar a evolução do tratamento. Este trabalho contém um estudo detalhado de como determinadas técnicas existentes, combinadas em uma metodologia, podem segmentar e calcular o muco acumulado nos seios paranasais maxilares. Além de técnicas como a Binarizacão, Filtro Gaussiano, Morfologia Matemática, Redução de Ruídos Metálico durante o processamento e segmentação, MUNC e DTA para o cálculo do volume e área, e técnicas de visualização como o Marching Cubes, foram necessários também ajustes no algoritmo para limitar a área segmentada onde a binarizacão combinada ao filtro não foi capaz de manter as bordas da região de interesse. A aplicação fará uso de duas plataformas de código livre, sendo uma para o processamento, ITK, e outra para visualização de imagens, VTK. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível realizar a segmentação e o cálculo com o uso das plataformas, bem como a metodologia empregada é adequada a resolução deste problema.