This paper extends the dynamic capabilities (DCs) perspective into the study of new service development (NSD). Drawing from both the DCs view and the NSD perspective, this paper explores theoretically and examines empirically the associations between four core dynamic capability components: adaptive capabilities, absorptive capabilities, arranging capabilities and administration capabilities (4As capabilities) exercised in the process of NSD. DCs have been argued to reside at different levels of organization. Thus far enormous research has focused on organizational level of DCs. Many studies has recognized the importance of DC at micro/individual level (e.g. Teece, 2007; Rothaermel and Hess, 2007), yet research relating to DC at the individual level of organizations is still lacking. Hence, this study focuses on developing and empirically validating an appropriate measurement scale for micro-level DCs. The majority of NSD research has concentrated on the financial service sector; however, the hotel industry, one of the global largest industries, has not been well investigated (Ottenbacher, 2007). The study addresses its research objectives through an empirical investigation adopting both qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey in the hotel sector. This entailed a large quantitative pilot study (433 respondents) and a full-scale survey of hotel sector employees (1,079 respondents) in Thailand. The results, analysed through multiple regression analysis, show positive impact of 4As capabilities applied in different NSD activities on the NSD outcomes. The research findings provide guidance to managers as to how NSD performance is influenced by DCs exercised during the NSD process. The theoretical and managerial implications of this research are articulated.

Com base na relação entre a literatura de capacidades dinâmicas e os estudos de inovação, argumenta-se nesse trabalho que a capacidade de inovação é sustentada pelo desenvolvimento constante das diferentes capacidades da empresa: de desenvolvimento tecnológico; de operação; de gestão e de transação. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar de que forma uma decisão estratégica de mudança voltada para a inovação influencia a reconfiguração destas capacidades das empresas. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de casos em empresas dos setores moveleiro e têxtil, considerados como de baixa intensidade tecnológica. Os dois casos foram analisados separadamente e depois comparados, buscando semelhanças que ampliassem a compreensão do fenômeno da reconfiguração nas capacidades a partir de uma decisão estratégica que buscava a inovação. Os resultados sugerem que a integração entre as diferentes capacidades e a reconfiguração estratégica das capacidades substantivas explicam as inovações produzidas pelas empresas. As principais conclusões são: que há uma relação entre as capacidades de desenvolvimento e de transação; que na reconfiguração decorrente de decisões estratégicas orientadas para a inovação a capacidade predominante na empresa é a menos alterada; e que as capacidades substantivas da empresa exercem influências positivas entre si na reconfiguração dos seus recursos internos. A contribuição deste estudo está em relacionar as capacidades substantivas com as decisões estratégicas que são características das capacidades dinâmicas, operacionalizando este conceito pela junção com um modelo que explica a capacidade de inovação. A limitação da pesquisa reside na concentração em apenas um tipo de inovação. Estudos futuros que incluam a análise de decisões estratégicas que resultem em inovações tecnológicas, gerenciais e de produção podem ampliar a compreensão do fenômeno. Estudos setoriais qualitativos usando as conclusões como proposições teóricas podem possibilitar generalizar os resultados. / This research relates the literature of dynamic capabilities with the studies on innovation capability, and assumes that innovation capability is supported by the constant development of the different capabilities of the company and, therefore, seeks to identify the influence of a strategic decision focused on innovation in the process of changing enterprises´ different capabilities: technology development; operation; managerial and transactional. A multiple case study in firms of the furniture and textile industry, considered low- technologic intensity firms was conducted to reach the research goals. The two cases were analyzed separately and then compared, looking for similarities that would broaden the understanding of the phenomenon. The results suggest that the integration between the different capabilities and strategic reconfiguration of substantive capabilities explain the innovations produced by firms. The main conclusions are that there is a relationship between technology development and transaction capability, due to the reconfiguration of innovation oriented to prevailing capacity in strategic business decisions is the least influenced, and that the substantive company's capabilities exert positive influences between itself in the reconfiguration of its internal resources. The contribution of this study is to relate the substantive capabilities with the strategic decisions that are characteristics of dynamic capabilities, operationalizing this concept in combination with a model that explains innovation capability. The limitation of the research is the concentration on only one type of innovation. Future studies including the analysis of strategic decisions that result in technological, managerial and production innovations can broaden the understanding of the phenomenon. Sector studies using qualitative conclusions as theoretical propositions can enable to generalize the results.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-16T19:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Ramos Cassia.pdf: 1425509 bytes, checksum: 75a7012c255d8829b4750874e8d7b9c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T19:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Ramos Cassia.pdf: 1425509 bytes, checksum: 75a7012c255d8829b4750874e8d7b9c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / This study involves the analysis of the impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability, considering the influence of technological turbulence on this impact and the effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The literature that addresses this topic has focused on studies of direct relationships and simple moderation analysis, leaving gap of studies addressing the effects of double moderation, enabling new approaches on the relationship between the variables that affect the innovative ability of companies. The research, quantitative, considered a sample of 244 completed cases and used statistical techniques of multivariate analysis, including factor analysis and linear regression in 5 statistical models as support for the hypothesis tests. The results show the positive impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability, the positive influence of technological turbulence on this impact and the negative effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The main study of the contribution relates to the identification of a combined effect of technological turbulence and proactive market orientation on the impact of dynamic capabilities in innovative capability. This positive impact is amplified by the influence of technological turbulence and mitigated the negative effect of proactive market orientation on this influence. The technological turbulence influences the expansion of dynamic capabilities out, what contributes to the rise of innovativa capability. However, proactive market orientation acts on this influence, softening the force with which the technological turbulence drives the impact of dynamic capabilities on the innovative capability. This study may contribute to improving the management of innovation in companies operating in the manufacturing industry by providing subsidies to improve responsiveness in the face of technological changes occurring in the business environment. / O objetivo deste estudo envolve a análise do impacto das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa, considerando a influência da turbulência tecnológica sobre este impacto e o efeito da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A literatura que aborda este tema tem se concentrado nos estudos de relações diretas e na análise de moderação simples, restando lacuna de estudos que abordem os efeitos de moderação dupla, que permitam novas abordagens sobre as relações entre as variáveis que afetam a capacidade inovativa das empresas. A pesquisa realizada, de natureza quantitativa, considerou uma amostra com 244 casos completos e utilizou técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada, incluindo análise fatorial e regressão linear, em 5 modelos estatísticos, como suporte para os testes das hipóteses. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam o impacto positivo das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa, a influência positiva da turbulência tecnológica sobre este impacto e o efeito negativo da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A principal contribuição do estudo refere-se à identificação de um efeito combinado entre a turbulência tecnológica e a orientação proativa para o mercado sobre o impacto das capacidades dinâmicas na capacidade inovativa. Este impacto positivo é amplificado pela influência da turbulência tecnológica e atenuado pelo efeito negativo da orientação proativa para o mercado sobre esta influência. A turbulência tecnológica influencia a expansão das capacidades dinâmicas, oque contribui para a elevação da capacidade inovativa. No entanto, a orientação proativa para o mercado atua sobre esta influência, amenizando a força com que a turbulência tecnológica impulsiona o impacto das capacidades dinâmicas sobre a capacidade inovativa. Este estudo pode contribuir para a melhoria da gestão da inovação nas empresas que atuam na indústria de transformação, fornecendo subsídios para o aprimoramento da capacidade de resposta em face das mudanças tecnológicas que ocorrem no ambiente de negócios.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar como se dá a construção das capacitações dinâmicas nas empresas fornecedoras de serviços de engenharia, tendo como premissa o papel indutor da Petrobras. A decisão de personificar a Petrobras nesta pesquisa deu-se a partir da participação da autora em um projeto realizado junto ao Ipea que, contratado pela Petrobras, analisou os impactos tecnológicos das ações da Petrobras nas empresas de serviços de engenharia. Os resultados do projeto mostraram que tais empresas tem papel de destaque quando comparadas às demais empresas do setor. Dados como o aumento do volume de empregos, da massa salarial ou da capacitação tecnológica e organizacional das empresas analisadas, comprovaram o alto impacto dos contratos da Petrobras nas relações de parceria e, principalmente, no desenvolvimento das competências das empresas do setor de serviços de engenharia no Brasil. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do estudo de múltiplos casos, realizados em duas etapas: a primeira etapa objetivou verificar as características das empresas de serviços de engenharia e sua evolução em decorrência dos contratos com a Petrobras; a segunda etapa objetivou verificar como as empresas de serviços de engenharia criam suas capacitações dinâmicas a partir das relações contratuais e pré-contratuais com a Petrobras. A literatura a respeito das capacitações dinâmicas, de modo geral, está atrelada ao conceito de rotina, que constitui a forma mais importante de estocagem do conhecimento específico da organização. Através da absorção e do acúmulo do conhecimento as rotinas existentes são modificadas, aperfeiçoadas, caracterizando assim uma forma dinâmica da reprodução do conhecimento, capaz de se moldar de acordo com o estado de complexidade do ambiente. Como resultado, apresentam-se dados que demonstram a evolução técnica e o crescimento estrutural nas empresas de serviços de engenharia que criaram suas capacitações através da estocagem do conhecimento sob a forma de rotina. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze how the construction of dynamic capabilities are in companies that provide engineering services, taking as its premise the inductive role of Petrobras. The decision to personify Petrobras in this study, took place from the author\'s participation in a project carried out by the Ipea that contracted by Petrobras, analyzed the impacts of technological Petrobras shares in companies of engineering services. The project results showed that these companies have an important role when compared to other companies. Data such as the increasing of volume of jobs, payroll or technological capability and organizational enterprises analyzed, confirmed the high impact of contracts with Petrobras, especially, in developing the skills of engineering services companies in Brazil. This research was developed from the study of multiple cases, conducted in two stages: the first step aimed to determine the characteristics of engineering services companies and their evolution as a result its contracts with Petrobras, the second step aimed to determine how engineering services companies created their dynamic capabilities from contractual and pre-contract relation with Petrobras. The literature about dynamic capabilities, in general, is tied to the concept of routine, which is the most important form of storage of specific knowledge of the organization. Through the absorption and accumulation of knowledge, the existing routines are modified, improved, characterizing a dynamic form of reproduction of knowledge, able to mold itself according with the state of complexity of the environment. As a result, we present data demonstrating the technical development and growth in structural engineering services companies that have created their capabilities by storing the knowledge in the form of routine.

Au cours de notre travail doctoral nous avons étudié les stratégies d’internationalisation des franchiseurs afin de comprendre les déterminants du choix de la modalité de franchise internationale. Ces développements internationaux font émerger de nouvelles problématiques auxquelles les travaux académiques existants ne donnent pas d’analyses satisfaisantes. Pour les approfondir nous revenons sur ces questions à travers une approche dynamique des réseaux de franchise internationaux. Nous focalisons notre travail sur les problématiques de développement de l’avantage concurrentiel par les localisations étrangères des franchiseurs en proposant un cadre d’analyse basé sur l’approche des capacités des entreprises. Une méthodologie qualitative nous a permis de dimensionner le métier de franchiseur et d’interroger la mise en œuvre de métier au niveau international. Suite à une analyse thématique du discours de franchiseurs, nous avons identifié trois capacités centrales sources d’avantage concurrentiel. Par la suite, nous avons analysé des développements internationaux et mis en évidence le transfert de ces capacités à la modalité de franchise internationale. Notre cadre d’analyse nous a alors permis de souligner l’importance de l’analyse des capacités sources de l’avantage concurrentiel dans le processus du choix de la modalité d’entrée pour comprendre le développement des réseaux dans le nouveau marché. D’un point de vue dynamique, nous avons identifiés deux niveaux de dynamisme distincts et nous montrons qu’il importe de comprendre les déterminants du développement du deuxième niveau pour affiner notre compréhension de la réussite internationale des entreprises. / During our thesis we studied franchisors’ internationalization strategies in order to determine the optimum choice of organizational mode. These international developments cause new problems which existing literature does not provide satisfactory answers. In order to propose a new analysis, we choose to use a dynamic approach to international franchise systems. We focus our work on issues of competitive advantage development by foreign franchisors locations and we provide a framework based on the organizational capabilities perspective. A qualitative methodology enables us to define the competitive advantage of franchisor and questioned the implementation of this advantage into international operations. We seize the competitive advantage of franchisor with athematic analysis of franchisors practice. We identified three core capabilities. Subsequently, we analyzed international developments and highlighted the transfer of the core capabilities to the sub-franchisor. Then, our analytical framework allowed us to underline the importance of taking account of the competitive advantage in the process of choosing the organizational mode in order to understand the competitive advantage exploitation in the new market. From a dynamic perspective, we identified two levels of dynamism and we show the importance of understanding the determinants of the development of the second level to refine the knowledge of the achievement of international operation.

[ES] Las Startups de Base Tecnológica (SBT) son nuevas empresas emprendedoras lanzadas típicamente por un equipo con el propósito de llevar productos o servicios innovadores al mercado y lograr la escalabilidad de sus modelos de negocios. Hoy en día, se reconoce ampliamente que las SBT desempeñan un papel muy importante en la economía como fuente de innovaciones disruptivas y radicales y en la creación de nuevos empleos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las TBS se enfrentan a retos significativos asociados con conflictos que surgen entre los miembros del equipo y con cambios en el entorno, aspectos que afectan a su rendimiento de innovación y supervivencia. De hecho, a pesar de la potencial novedad de sus productos y servicios, muchas SBT fracasan e incluso desaparecen y con ellas también sus innovaciones. En esta tesis proponemos el concepto de "Capacidades de Colaboración en Equipo" (CCE) referido a la interacción entre los miembros del equipo de una SBT como una condición organizativa esencial que permite la construcción de nuevas capacidades dinámicas estratégicas. En concreto, la tesis se centra en la relación entre CCE, capacidades operativas y resultados en innovación. Consideramos cuatro elementos como las dimensiones principales de las CCE, que comprenden: la confianza, la comunicación, la resolución de problemas y la eficacia del equipo. En primer lugar, la confianza del equipo, que les permite estar abiertos a compartir sus ideas, tener confianza y expresar sus sentimientos y comentarios constructivos. En segundo lugar, la comunicación, que consiste en fomentar el intercambio abierto de ideas e información que beneficien a los proyectos y a la organización. En tercer lugar, la resolución de problemas, que fomenta el establecimiento de protocolos para dar solución a los desacuerdos que puedan surgir a diario. En cuarto lugar, la eficacia del equipo para lograr los objetivos, resolver tareas difíciles a través del esfuerzo conjunto, gestionar problemas inesperados, ser competente y aumentar la autoeficacia para realizar las tareas y la gestión eficiente de los recursos. El estudio empírico se basa en una encuesta con el objetivo de identificar las CCE y sus relaciones con las capacidades operativas y los resultados en innovación de las SBT. Se obtuvieron 45 respuestas válidas de SBT, en su mayoría empresas que han participado en programas de aceleradoras como STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC Valencia Accelerator Program y Fundación Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST y el Parque Científico de Madrid. La muestra incluye SBT con actividades centradas en el desarrollo de productos y servicios en una amplia gama de sectores, incluyendo medio ambiente, energías renovables, tecnologías limpias, transporte, consultoría, servicios de gestión industrial, arte, ocio y entretenimiento. Dadas las condiciones particulares de nuestra muestra y el tipo de datos recopilados a través de la encuesta, utilizamos la técnica de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Este método permite una estimación basada en componentes para el modelado de causa-efecto con variables latentes. El modelo ha sido estimado utilizando el software Smart PLS 3. Los hallazgos sugieren que el desarrollo de CCE en las SBT contribuye a la creación de nuevas capacidades operativas que resultan en mayores resultados en innovación. Asimismo, proponemos futuras líneas de investigación sobre el papel de las CCE en las colaboraciones externas. Por ejemplo, se podría estudiar la existencia de iniciativas públicas que tengan en cuenta las fases críticas del desarrollo de las SBT, como por ejemplo la promoción de la atracción de talento y el fomento de esquemas de compensación que lo retengan. Finalmente, se plantea estudiar la colaboración entre las SBT y otros agentes externos en proyectos de innovación abierta. Consideramos que estas colaboraciones favorecerían su supervivencia y competitividad. / [CAT] Les Startups de Base Tecnològica (SBT) són noves empreses emprenedores llançades típicament per un equip amb el propòsit de portar productes o serveis innovadors al mercat i aconseguir l'escalabilitat dels seus models de negocis. Hui dia, es reconeix àmpliament que les *SBT exerceixen un paper molt important en l'economia com a font d'innovacions disruptivas i radicals i en la creació de noves ocupacions. No obstant això, la majoria de les *TBS s'enfronten a reptes significatius associats amb conflictes que sorgeixen entre els membres de l'equip i amb canvis en l'entorn, aspectes que afecten el seu rendiment d'innovació i supervivència. De fet, malgrat la potencial novetat dels seus productes i serveis, moltes SBT fracassen i fins i tot desapareixen i amb elles també les seues innovacions. En aquesta tesi proposem el concepte de "Capacitats de Col·laboració en Equip" (CCE) referit a la interacció entre els membres de l'equip d'una SBT com una condició organitzativa essencial que permet la construcció de noves capacitats dinàmiques estratègiques. En concret, la tesi se centra en la relació entre CCE, capacitats operatives i resultats en innovació. Considerem quatre elements com les dimensions principals de les CCE, que comprenen: la confiança, la comunicació, la resolució de problemes i l'eficàcia de l'equip. En primer lloc, la confiança de l'equip, que els permet estar oberts a compartir les seues idees, tindre confiança i expressar els seus sentiments i comentaris constructius. En segon lloc, la comunicació, que consisteix a fomentar l'intercanvi obert d'idees i informació que beneficien als projectes i a l'organització. En tercer lloc, la resolució de problemes, que fomenta l'establiment de protocols per a donar solució als desacords que puguen sorgir diàriament. En quart lloc, l'eficàcia de l'equip per a aconseguir els objectius, resoldre tasques difícils a través de l'esforç conjunt, gestionar problemes inesperats, ser competent i augmentar la autoeficacia per a fer les tasques i la gestió eficient dels recursos. L'estudi empíric es basa en una enquesta amb l'objectiu d'identificar les CCE i les seues relacions amb les capacitats operatives i els resultats en innovació de les SBT. Es van obtindre 45 respostes vàlides de SBT, en la seua majoria empreses que han participat en programes d'acceleradores com STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC València Accelerator Program i Fundació Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST i el Parc Científic de Madrid. La mostra inclou SBT amb activitats centrades en el desenvolupament de productes i serveis en una àmplia gamma de sectors, incloent medi ambient, energies renovables, tecnologies netes, transport, consultoria, serveis de gestió industrial, art, oci i entreteniment. Donades les condicions particulars de la nostra mostra i el tipus de dades recopilades a través de l'enquesta, utilitzem la tècnica de models d'equacions estructurals (SEM). Aquest mètode permet una estimació basada en components per al modelatge de causa-efecte amb variables latents. El model ha sigut estimat utilitzant el programari Smart PLS 3. Les troballes suggereixen que el desenvolupament de CCE en les SBT contribueix a la creació de noves capacitats operatives que resulten en majors resultats en innovació. Així mateix, proposem futures línies d'investigació sobre el paper de les CCE en les col·laboracions externes. Per exemple, es podria estudiar l'existència d'iniciatives públiques que tinguen en compte les fases crítiques del desenvolupament de les SBT, com per exemple la promoció de l'atracció de talent i el foment d'esquemes de compensació que el retinguen. Finalment, es planteja estudiar la col·laboració entre les SBT i altres agents externs en projectes d'innovació oberta. Considerem que aquestes col·laboracions afavoririen la seua supervivència i competitivitat. / [EN] Technology-Based Startups (TBSs) are newly emerged entrepreneurial ventures typically launched by a team with the purpose of bringing innovative products or services to market and achieving the scalability of their business models. Today, it is widely recognized that TBSs play a very important role in the economy as a source of disruptive and radical innovations and creation of new jobs. However, most TBSs face significant challenges associated with conflicts among team members and with changes in the environment, which affect their innovation performance and survival. In fact, despite the potential novelty of their products and services, many TBSs fail and even disappear together with their innovations. In this thesis we propose the concept "Team Collaboration Capabilities" (TCCs) referred to the interaction among TBS team members as an essential organizational condition to allow the construction of new strategic dynamic capabilities. In particular, the thesis focuses on the relationships between TCCs, operational capabilities and innovation performance. We consider four elements as the main dimensions of TCCs: trust, communication, problem solving and team efficacy. Firstly, team trust, which allow team members to be open to sharing their ideas, be confident and expressing their feelings and constructive feed-back. Secondly, team communication that encourages open sharing of ideas about information that favors the commitment between members and benefit the projects and the organization. Thirdly, team problem-solving encouraging the establishment of protocols that give solutions to the disagreements that may arise in the daily basis. Fourthly, team efficacy in achieving teams' goals, solving difficult tasks through joint efforts, manage together unexpected problems, be competent and increase the self-efficacy to perform the tasks and the efficient management of resources. The empirical study is based on a survey of TBSs based in Spain, aimed to the analysis of TCCs and their relationships with the operational capabilities and the TBS innovation performance. We draw on 45 valid responses of TBSs. Most of the companies in our sample were participants in accelerator programs such as STARTUPV, EIT Climate KIC Valencia Accelerator Program, Fundación Repsol Entrepreneurs Fund, Social NEST and Scientific Park of Madrid. The sample covers TBSs with activities focused on the development of products and services in a wide range of sectors, including environment, renewable energies, clean technologies, transport, consulting, industrial management services, art, leisure and entertainment. Given the particular conditions of our sample and the type of data collected through the survey, we use structural equation modeling (SEM). This method allows a component-based estimation for cause-effect modeling with latent variables. The model has been estimated using Smart PLS 3 software. The findings suggest that the development of TCCs in TBSs contribute to building new operational capabilities that result in greater innovation performance. We also propose future lines of research for the role of TCCs in external collaborations. For example, to assess public initiatives that take into account the critical phases of TBSs development, the promotion of talent attraction and the furtherance of compensation schemes that retain it. Finally, it would be interesting to study the collaboration between the TBSs and other external agents in open innovation projects. We believe that these collaborations would favor their survival and competitiveness. / La investigación que condujo a los resultados de esta tesis doctoral fue financiada en su totalidad por mi beca para estudios en el extranjero otorgada en México por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT). / Lopez Hernandez, AK. (2019). Team collaboration capabilities as drivers for innovation performance: The case of Spanish technology-based startups [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/121143 / TESIS

In light of the negative social and environmental impacts of the textile industry, a paradigm shift towards a more circular economy is inevitable. Automated textile sorting embodies a crucial but missing link to connect forward and reverse supply chains for circular economy, however scalability challenges exist. Therefore, the study explores how dynamic capabilities can overcome scalability challenges specific to automated textile sorting pilots in Northwestern Europe to create commercially viable solutions. A single case study using an abductive approach guided by the dynamic capabilities view explores automated textile sorting pilots’ approaches to dynamic capability microfoundations. Primary data include semi-structured interviews, which is complemented by secondary data documents, and both were analysed qualitatively via thematic analysis. The data reveal that known scalability challenges remain and new scalability challenges related to market disruptions exist, such as COVID-19. Scalability challenges are overcome through novel approaches to the microfoundations undergirding dynamic capabilities. These are found to take place in a continuous, overlapping process, and collaboration is found across all dynamic capabilities. As collaboration plays a prominent role, it should be integrated in approaches to dynamic capabilities. This study also adds to the literature on circular economy in the textile industry by confirming that known scalability challenges for automated textile sorting pilots remain, and new scalability challenges are developing in terms of market disruptions. Actors in the automated textile sorting supply chain may use these findings to support efforts to scale up automated textile sorting. For textile industry brands and recyclers, the findings can assess their readiness to participate in the automated textile sorting supply chain and support the achievement of their 2030 goals to use greater volumes of sorted textile waste fractions as feedstocks for their production processes and to be a collaborative member of the used textiles supply chain.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la méthode Design thinking dans le contexte particulier des stratégies d'entreprises pro-pauvres, et plus particulièrement dans le contexte de développement de business models inclusifs à la base de la pyramide des marchés émergents. Dans ce contexte, et comme pour tout nouveau marché, les entreprises multinationales sont de plus en plus conscientes qu'elles devront apprendre de nouvelles façons radicales de travailler pour réussir. Dans le cadre du business inclusif, les entreprises doivent développer une nouvelle philosophie, de nouveaux processus, de nouvelles capacités, de nouveaux partenariats et une collaboration approfondie avec différentes parties prenantes. Nous proposons que la méthode Design thinking appliquée au contexte de la base de la pyramide peut en effet favoriser le développement des capacités de création de nouveaux business models innovants et inclusifs et la création de valeur partagée. Une tentative de validation de cette méthode dans le contexte de la base de la pyramide, est faite à travers deux cas d'entreprises multinationales : GE-Healthcare et Schneider Electric, qui fournissent des solutions uniques aux défis auxquelles sont confrontées les populations de la base de la pyramide dans différents secteurs comme la santé ou l'énergie. En mettant l'accent sur certains des principes fondamentaux du Design thinking comme la centralité sur l'humain, la co-création et l'expérimentation ou encore la collaboration, l'étude essaye de valider un ensemble de processus et de capacités sur lesquelles se base la création de nouveaux business models inclusifs et le développement de solutions innovantes entièrement contextualisées face à des problèmes réels. / This thesis deals with the study of Design thinking in the particular context of pro-poor business strategies, and more particularly in the context of the development of inclusive business models at the base of the pyramid of emerging markets. In this context, and as in any new market, multinational companies are increasingly aware that they will have to learn new, radical ways to work for success. Within the framework of inclusive business, companies must develop a new philosophy, new processes, new capabilities, new partnerships and in-depth collaboration with different stakeholders. We propose that the Design thinking method applied to the context of the base of the pyramid can indeed encourage the development of the capabilities of creation of new innovative and inclusive business models and the creation of shared value. An attempt to validate this method in the context of the pyramid was made in two cases of multinational companies: GE-Healthcare and Schneider Electric, which provide unique solutions to the challenges faced by The pyramid in different sectors such as healthcare or energy. By focusing on some of the fundamental principles of design thinking such as human centeredness, co-creation and experimentation, and collaboration, the study tries to validate a set of processes and capabilities that enables the creation of new inclusive business models and the development of fully contextualized innovative solutions to real problems.

Digital technologies are disrupting firms of all sizes in all industries. This prompts firms to stipulate responses to the ongoing changes and challenges digitalization spawns. Especially family businesses, with their unique structural and behavioral characteristics and economic importance, in traditional industries must reinvent themselves and transform their business digitally to ensure longevity. Despite the recent increasing contributions of academia for the digital transformation phenomenon, attention for specific organizational forms, in particular family businesses is still scarce. A better understanding of how these organizations undergo a digital transformation is vital for family business adaptation and future survival. Therefore, this study emphasizes on the specific attribute of long-term orientation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate family businesses’ long-term orientations impact their digital transformation process. For the intention to contribute to academia through theory building, we have chosen a qualitative, exploratory research design using a multiple case study of six selected family businesses. 14 semi-structured interviews with seven family managers and seven non-family managers were conducted to collect data. The results show that family businesses prepare a basis for their digital transformation through the influence of their long-term orientation. Building on our findings we developed a model of a digital foundation for family businesses endeavors in their digital transformation process to manage the three phases of digital transformation. This digital foundation as a capability affected by a family business long-term orientation impacts their digital transformation process in distinct ways.

While conventional approaches of managing organizations have been considered to be outdated, Organizational Agility has been acclaimed for its prowess to cope with today's increasingly volatile and dynamic environment. Yet the predominant focus has been directed towards how agility is achieved, while its retention as organizations grow has to a great extent been unexplored. Through a qualitative case study of a renowned organization for its unorthodox approach, this study aims to contribute with an extension to the current scope of organizational agility by stretching beyond the focus on mere transformations in an attempt to understand in what ways organizational agility is retained as they grow. The findings of this study challenge the common conceptions found within literature suggesting that changes in the external environment are what drives organization’s to be agile in order to sustain its competitiveness. Organizational agility has thus primarily been considered to be constituted by dynamic adaptations in accordance to forces of the external environment. In contrast, this study finds that the retention of organizational agility during growth is an evolutionary process that is internally driven by placing indispensable value on the employees and by focusing on the organization itself, its desire and community. Retaining organizational agility is thus something that grows “from the inside and out”.