El siguiente proyecto se basa en la producción y comercialización de sandalias para mujeres entre las edades de 20 a 35 años del nivel socioeconómico B y C de las zonas 4 y 6 de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas con el fin de conocer los gustos y preferencias de las usuarias, así como también conocer sus experiencias de compra y uso de sandalias para poder identificar los principales problemas que afrontan con respecto al uso de calzados. Luego de la validación de este problema se pudo plantear una solución: las sandalias Balance Heels. Las sandalias cuentan con bandas, la cuales pueden ser desplegadas de su base para ser intercambiadas por otra de modelo diferente. Dichas bandas cuentan con un broche en la parte delantera y a los costados, los cuales facilitan el intercambio de estas con diversos diseños de modo más práctico. El desarrollo de nuestro proyecto está dividido en dos partes. En la primera se validó el modelo de negocio por medio de métodos de investigación cualitativa primaria (entrevistas y focus group). La segunda parte fue el desarrollo del plan de negocio, para el cual se requiere una inversión de 64,379.27 soles. / The following project is based in the production and commercialization of sandals for women between the ages of 20 and 35, with socioeconomic statuses B and C living in the zones 4 and 6 of Lima Metropolitana. Surveys and interviews were made in order to know the tastes and preferences of users, in addition to recognize their shopping habits, the usage of sandals, and experiences related. This could help us find out the main problems that they may have about the usage of sandals. After the validation of this problem we were able to propose a solution: a pair of Balance Heels sandals. These sandals have strips which can be deployed from its base to be exchanged to another different model. These bands have a clasp on the front and the sides, which facilitate the exchange of these with various designs in a more practical way. The development of our project is divided in two parts. In the first part, the business model was validated through primary qualitative information methods (interviews and focus group). The second part was the development of the business plan, which requires an investment of 64,379.27 soles. / Trabajo de investigación

Authors are permitted to post the MBoC PDF of their articles (and/or supplemental material) on their personal websites or in an online institutional repository provided there appears always the proper citation of the manuscript in MBoC and a link to the original publication of the manuscript in MBoC (http://www.molbiolcell.org/site/misc/ifora.xhtml) / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第19869号 / 生博第350号 / 新制||生||46(附属図書館) / 32905 / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 河内 孝之, 教授 藤田 尚志, 教授 永尾 雅哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Coolant application is critically important in grinding, preventing workpiece damage and increasing the quality of manufactured components. However, delivery of grinding fluids is difficult to achieve, due to issues unique to grinding processes such as the air layer that surrounds the wheel. Coherent jets, which maintain their shape over a significant distance, are one of the most effective methods of coolant delivery and a significant amount of research has been devoted to developing them. Results of this work, which has largely focused on contoured nozzles, have been modest. Inspired by laminar fountains and wind tunnel design, the present work focuses on the development of a coherent, laminar jet. The developed jet possesses extreme coherence, and appears to resemble a glass rod with its stability and clarity. Investigations were carried out, comparing the coherence and cooling ability of the developed system to that of a commercially available coherent nozzle. Models for the structure of the air layer and to predict the conditions necessary for a jet to penetrate the air layer were also developed. The developed jet outperformed the commercial system both in terms of coherence and manufacturing productivity. The model was validated with experimental values, and appears to provide excellent agreement to those results. This work details the background, design, and experimentation involved in creating these innovative systems. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Main focus of the present dissertation was to gain new insight about the interaction between magnetic ions and the conduction band of diluted magnetic semiconductors. This interaction in magnetic semiconductors with carrier concentrations near the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in an external magnetic field is barely researched. Hence, n-doped Zn1−xMnxSe:Cl samples were studied. Resonant Raman spectroscopy was employed at an external magnetic field between 1T and 7T and a temperature of 1.5K. The resulting magnetization of the material amplifies the splitting of states with opposite spins both in the valence and the conduction band. This is known as the "giant-Zeeman-effect". In this thesis, the resonance of the electron spin flip process, i.e. the enhancement of the signal depending on the excitation energy, was used as an indicator to determine the density of states of the charge carriers. The measured resonance profiles of each sample showed a structure, which consist of two partially overlapping Gaussian curves. The analysis of the Gaussian curves revealed that their respective maxima are separated independent of the magnetic field strenght by about 5 meV, which matches the binding energy of the donor bound exciton (D0, X). A widening of the full width at half maximum of the resonance profile was observed with increasing magnetic field. A detailed analysis of this behavior showed that the donor bound exciton spin flip resonance primarily accounts for the widening for all samples with doping concentrations below the metal insulator transition. A model was proposed for the interpretation of this observation. This is based on the fundamental assumptions of a spatially random distribution of the manganese ions on the group-II sublattice of the ZnSe crystal and the finite extension of the excitons. Thus, each exciton covers an individual quantity of manganese ions, which manifest as a local manganese concentration. This local manganese concentration is normally distributed for a set of excitons and hence, the evaluation of the distribution allows the determination of exciton radii Two trends were identified for the (D0, X) radii. The radius of the bound exciton decreases with increasing carrier concentration as well as with increasing manganese concentration. The determination of the (D0, X) radii by the use of resonant spin flip Raman spectroscopy and also the observation of the behavior of the (D0, X) radius depending on the carrier concentration, was achieved for the first time. For all samples with carrier concentrations below the metal-insulator transition, the obtained (X0) radii are up to a factor of 5.9 larger than the respective (D0, X) radii. This observation is explained by the unbound character of the (X0). For the first time, such an observation could be made by Raman spectroscopy.Beside the resonance studies, the shape of the Raman signal of the electron spin flip was analyzed. Thereby an obvious asymmetry of the signal, with a clear flank to lower Raman shifts, was observed. This asymmetry is most pronounced, when the spin flip process is excited near the (D0, X) resonance. To explain this observation, a theoretical model was introduced in this thesis. Based on the asymmetry of the resonantly excited spin flip signal, it was possible to estimate the (D0, X) radii, too. At external magnetic fields between 1.25T and 7T, the obtained radii lie between 2.38nm and 2.75nm. Additionally, the asymmetry of the electron spin flip signal was observed at different excitation energies. Here it is striking that the asymmetry vanishes with increasing excitation energy. At the highest excitation energy, where the electron spin flip was still detectable, the estimated radius of the exciton is 3.92nm. Beside the observations on the electron spin flip, the resonance behavior of the spin flip processes in the d-shell of the incorporated Mn ions was studied in this thesis. This was performed for the direct Mn spin flip process as well as for the sum process of the longitudinal optical phonon with the Mn spin flip. For the Stokes and anti-Stokes direct spin flip process and for the Stokes sum process, each the resonance curve is described by considering only one resonance mechanism. In contrast, resonance for the sum process in which an anti-Stokes Mn spin flip is involved, consists of two partially overlapping resonances due to different mechanisms. A detailed analysis of this resonance profile showed that for (Zn,Mn)Se at the chosen experimental parameters, an incoming and outgoing resonance can be achieved, separated by a few meV. Hereby, at a specific excitation energy range and a high excitation power, it was possible to achieve an inversion of the anti-Stokes to Stokes intensity, because only the anti-Stokes Mn spin flip process was enhanced resonantly. / Ziel der Dissertation war das Erlangen neuer Erkenntnisse zur Wechselwirkung der magnetischen Ionen und des Leitungsbandes von verdünnten magnetischen Halbleitern. Diese Interaktion bei magnetischen Halbleitern mit Ladungsträgerkonzentration nahe des Metall-Isolator Übergangs (metal-insulator transition MIT) in externen Magnetfeldern ist bisher kaum erforscht. Daher wurden Untersuchung n-dotierte Zn1−xMnxSe:Cl untersucht. Als Analysetechnik wurde die resonante Spin Flip Raman-Spektroskopie bei einem externen Magnetfeld zwischen 1T und 7T und einer Temperatur von 1,5 K angewandt. Durch die entstehende Magnetisierung des Materials werden die Aufspaltungen der Zustände mit entgegengesetzten Spins sowohl im Valenz- als auch im Leitungsband verstärkt. Dies ist als "giant-Zeeman effect" bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Resonanz des Spin Flip Prozesses, d.h. die Signalerhöhung in Abhängigkeit der Anregungsenergie, als Indikator zur Bestimmung der Ladungsträgerzustandsdichte genutzt. Die gemessenen Resonanzprofile aller Proben zeigten dabei eine Struktur, welche aus sich zwei teilweise überlagernden Gaußkurven bestand. Mit steigendem Magnetfeld wurde eine deutliche Zunahme der Halbwertsbreite der Resonanzprofile beobachtet. Die detaillierte Analyse dieses Verhaltens zeigte, dass für alle Proben mit einer Dotierung unterhalb des Metall-Isolator-Übergangs, die Verbreiterung primär auf den Donor gebundenen Exzitonen Anteil der Resonanzkurve entfällt. Zur Deutung dieser Beobachtung wurde ein Modell entwickelt. Dieses beruht auf der grundlegenden Annahme einer räumlich statistisch Verteilung der Mangan-Ionen auf dem Gruppe-II Untergitter des ZnSe Kristalls, sowie der endlichen Ausdehnung der Exzitonen. Somit erfasst jedes einzelne Exziton eine individuelle Anzahl von Mangan-Ionen, was sich als lokale Mangankonzentration manifestiert. Diese lokale Mangankonzentration normalverteilt für ein Set von Exzitonen und deren Auswertung erlauben einen Rückschluss auf die Radien der Exzitonen. Zwei Trends für die (D0, X) Radien konnten identifiziert werden. Sowohl mit steigender Ladungsträgerkonzentration als auch mit steigendem Mangangehalt nimmt der Radius der gebundenen Exzitonen ab. Es gelangte erstmalig die Bestimmung der (D0, X) Radien mittels resonanter Spin Flip Raman-Spektroskopie und die Beobachtung des Verhaltens der (D0, X) Radien in Abhängigkeit der Ladungsträgerkonzentration. Die ermittelten (X0) Radien sind für die Proben mit Ladungsträgerkonzentrationen unterhalb des Metall-Isolator-Übergangs im Vergleich zu den (D0, X) Radien um einen Faktor von bis zu 5,9 größer. Diese Beobachtung lässt sich durch den ungebundenen Charakter der (X0) erklären. Aufgrund dessen erfasst ein (X0) während seiner Lebenszeit im Vergleich zu einem (D0, X) einen räumlich ausgedehnteren Bereich des Kristalls. Hierdurch konnte erstmalig mittels Raman-Spektroskopie solch eine Beobachtung gemacht werden. Neben den Resonanzuntersuchungen des elektronischen Spin Flips wurde dessen Preakform im Ramanspektrum analysiert. Dabei wurde eine deutliche Asymmetrie des Signals beobachtet, sichtbar als Flanke zu niedrigeren Raman- Verschiebungen. Zur Erklärung dieser Beobachtungen kann ebenfalls das eingeführte Modell angewandt werden. Anhand der Asymmetrie des resonant angeregten Spin Flip Signals konnten hiermit die Radien der (D0, X) bestimmt werden. Zusätzlich wurde die Asymmetrie bei unterschiedlichen Anregungsenergien sichtbar. Hierbei fiel auf, dass diese mit steigender Anregungsenergie abnimmt. Desweiteren wurde zusätzlich zu den Beobachtungen des elektronischen Spin Flips, das Resonanzverhalten des Spin Flips der einzelnen Mn-Ionen in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Dies wurde sowohl für den direkten Mn Spin Flip Prozess, als auch den Summenprozesses aus einem longitudinal optischen Phonon und einem Mn Spin Flip durchgeführt. Jeweils eine Resonanz wurde sowohl für die direkten Stokes und anti-Stokes Prozesse, als auch für den Stokes Summenprozess beobachtet. Im Gegensatz hierzu besteht das Resonanzprofil des Summenprozesses, bei dem ein Anti-Stokes Mn Spin Flip involviert ist, aus zwei sich überlappenden Resonanzanteile. Eine genaue Analyse dieses Resonanzprofils ergab, dass es bei (Zn,Mn)Se und den gewählten experimentellen Parametern möglich ist, sowohl eine eingehende als auch eine ausgehende Resonanz für diesen Summenprozess mit einer Energiedifferenz von wenigen meV zu erhalten. Die zusätzlich auftretende eingehende Resonanz konnte dabei dem optischen Übergang von dem mj = 1/2 Valenzband- zum mj = -1/2 Leitungsbandzustand zugeordnet werden. Die daraufhin folgende Anregung eines LO Phonons führt zu einer Reduzierung der Energie des gestreuten Photons. Dies erzeugt die beobachtete Überlagerung der Resonanzen, gemessen in der Energie der gestreuten Photonen. Hierdurch war es möglich, bei geeigneter Anregungsenergie und hoher Anregungsleistung eine Inversion der Anti-Stokes zu Stokes Intensität zu beobachten, da die eingehende Resonanz in diesem Fall nur für den Anti-Stokes Mn Spin Flip auftrat

The intent of this project was founded upon the need to train students in the techniques of radio astronomy with the purpose of establishing a radio telescope in order to teach the principles and practice of radio astronomy.This document describes the theory, research, to establish the 1st generation radio telescope system within the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Brigham Young University. Included are introductions to: (1) The nature of star forming regions in the spiral arm structure of the galaxy, H I (the hydrogen spin-flip transition) and OH MASERS, (2) The of terminology used with the system components and their measurements, (3) The characteristics of the imaging system and its limitations, and (4) Future work and plans. Within the body of this work, I also present an introduction to the purpose, architectural design, as well as a brief description of some of the system level functions and associated equipment that constitute the development infrastructure for the 2nd generation radio astronomy system.The major work accomplished includes history, some of the fundamental theory behind radio astronomy, significant aspects of the theory behind the system, building of the system, its calibration and characteristics as well as next steps

When the Alligator Called to Elijah is a feature-length video conceptualized and constructed by Kate Shults in partial fulfillment of the requirements for earning a Master of Fine Arts in Entrepreneurial Digital Cinema from the University of Central Florida. The video is the result of an evolving exploration of the aesthetic capabilities of the digital image using Flip Video cameras, found footage and Final Cut Pro. Though originating as an experiment, When the Alligator Called to Elijah became a creation of motion collage with very specific production parameters. This thesis is a record of this video’s progression, from development to picture lock, taking it into preparation for exhibition and distribution.

No description available.

No description available.

College student alcohol use is a major public health concern in the United States due to high personal (e.g., risky sexual behavior, alcohol poisoning) and societal (e.g., driving under the influence) costs associated with this behavior. Drinking games have emerged as a significant influence on heaviness and frequency of college student drinking. The purpose of this study was to learn more about drinking games on college campuses using data from an intervention study targeting a primarily undergraduate student population of heavy drinkers. Specific research questions were: (1) What are the most common types of drinking games observed on a large state university campus?; (2) Are specific demographic and psychosocial variables related to playing drinking games and the choice of drinking game?; (3) Are there gender differences in drinking behavior?; (4) Are specific harmful behaviors (e.g., drunk driving) related to playing drinking games and the choice of drinking game? Research questions were addressed using a secondary data analysis conducted with baseline data from an intervention study targeting heavy drinkers using university health services at a large state university (n = 363; NIAAA grant #1 U18 2AA015673- 0l). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity, grade level, GPA), psychosocial data (church attendance, significant life event, stress level, depressed/hopeless, loss of pleasure) and harmful behaviors (fighting, not do homework, miss school or work, driven after 3 or more drinks, ridden with someone who drank 3 or more drinks, regrets) were collected using close ended items. Drinking game data were collected using a free response measure (respondents listed up to 5 drinking games they regularly played). Additionally, drinking behaviors (age first use alcohol, in high school how many days in 30 drink 4-5 drinks in a row, currently how many days in 30 drink 4-5 drinks in a row, in past 30 days greatest amount of drinks in a row, in typical week how many days drunk) were also collected using a free response measure. In preparation for data analysis, drinking game data were coded using 6 categories identified by Bosari, et al (2004; motor skills, verbal skills, gambling, media, team, consumption) and an additional category, board (board games). Research questions were addressed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests. The results of this study indicate that 7 6% of the respondents play drinking games. Of those who play drinking games motor skills games (Beer Pong 70.3%), gambling games (Circle of Death (34.8%), F*** the Dealer (14.5%), and A **hole (10.9%)), and team games (Flip Cup 38.8%) were the most common types of drinking games. Gender, age, educational year, and ethnicity were all associated with type of drinking game (p < .05). Depression and feelings of hopelessness lasting at least 30 days was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of involvement in consumption games and attending religious services was associated with a decreased likelihood of involvement in consumption games (p < .05). Harmful behaviors were significantly associated with participation in drinking games (p < .05). As freshman and younger persons were more likely than others to play the different types of drinking games and the five most popular drinking games tl\is places them at risk for accidents, injury or death. Colleges and Universities need to provide programs to incoming freshman educating them about the risks involved in heavy or frequent alcohol consumption. Additionally, "don't drink and drive" campaigns must become stronger and include a "don't ride with someone who is driving drunk" component because almost 60% of respondents have driven a motor vehicle after having 3 or more drinks and 71.4% have ridden in a motor vehicle with someone they knew had three or more drinks. Finally, as 25% of the respondents started drinking before the age of 15, early intervention is needed to educate children about alcohol and the risks of heavy and frequent drinking. An alcohol awareness program should be started for elementary school children in the same way stop smoking programs have been implemented at early ages.

Le besoin croissant de réduction du volume, de la masse et de la consommation des dispositifs électroniques sans pertes deperformances concerne aussi les oscillateurs à quartz utilisés dans les applications métrologiques (bases de temps, capteurs),la téléphonie, la navigation... Dans le cadre de cette problématique, nous avons développé un ASIC (Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit) en technologie 0,35 μm SiGe BiCMOS (Austriamicrosystems®) fonctionnant sous 3,3 V (±10%) pourréaliser un oscillateur à quartz miniature opérationnel sur une gamme en fréquence allant de 10 MHz à 100 MHz. Ce circuitdont la surface ne dépasse pas les 4 mm2 est composé de diverses cellules RF, depuis le système d’entretien de type Colpitts,la mise en forme et jusqu’à l’adaptation du signal à sa charge d’utilisation (50 W ou HCMOS). Ces cellules sont toutespolarisées par une référence de tension interne de type bandgap CMOS. La consommation totale du circuit en charge resteinférieure à 100 mW pour un bruit blanc de phase visé de −150 dBc/Hz à 40 MHz. Pour minimiser la sensibilité thermiquedu résonateur et ainsi pouvoir s’orienter également vers des applications OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator),nous avons partiellement intégré une régulation de température dans notre ASIC. Cette régulation fortement dépendante del’architecture thermo-mécanique a été dimensionnée puis validée au travers de modélisations par analogie sous Spectre®.Notre électronique intégrée nécessite peu de composants externes et nous l’avons reportée par flip chip sur une interfacespécifique pour / The increasing demand for high-performance devices featuring compact, lighter-weight designs with low-power consumptionalso impacts quartz crystal oscillators used in metrological applications (time bases, sensors), telephony or navigation. Inthis context, we have developed an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology(Austriamicrosystems®) supplied by 3.3 V (±10%) to realize a miniaturized quartz crystal oscillator operating in the 10 MHzto 100 MHz frequency range. The fabricated die hosts several RF cells in a 4 mm2 area, including a sustaining amplifier(Colpitts topology), a signal shaping circuit and an output buffer dedicated to a specific load (50 W or HCMOS). These cellsare biased by a fully integrated CMOS bandgap voltage reference. The die power consumption remains lower than 100 mWfor a targeted phase noise floor as low as −150 dBc/Hz at a 40 MHz carrier frequency. A thermal control loop has in additionbeen partially integrated to the ASIC, in order to reduce the quartz resonator thermal sensitivity as well as to extend thepotential application field of the developed die to oven applications (OCXO). The thermal control, that is strongly dependanton the mechanical design, has been designed and tested by using electrical analogy modeling on Spectre® simulator. Finallyour integrated circuit has been connected to a specific substrate using flip chip technology to realize a miniaturized quartzcrystal oscillator packaged on a TO-8 enclosure (Ø15.2 mm).