Suite aux travaux de Blumstein et ses collègues (1986), le paradigme des carrières criminelles est devenu un sujet d'importance dans la criminologie. Parmi les dimensions originales du paradigme, il n’est pas question de la performance criminelle. Ce concept permet de comprendre quel individu performe et dans quel contexte (Ouellet & Tremblay, 2014). Ceci puisque la performance qui est principalement basée sur l’appât du gain qui varie en fonction des objectifs criminogènes (Mccarthy & Hagan, 2001; Ouellet et al., 2020). Bien que des chercheurs en criminologie aient exploré son volet objectif, tel que le revenu criminel ( voir : McCarthy & Hagan, 2001; Morselli & Tremblay, 2004; Nguyen & Bouchard, 2013; Ouellet & Tremblay, 2014; Robitaille, 2004; Tremblay & Morselli, 2000; Uggen & Thompson, 2003) et l'impunité (voir : Loughran et al., 2009; Ouellet & Bouchard, 2017), le volet subjectif de la performance comprenant la réputation, le prestige ou le sentiment d’auto-efficacité a été largement sous-étudié en criminologie, et cela est encore plus vrai lorsqu'il s'agit de la population des cyberdélinquants. La littérature a longtemps utilisé les capitaux criminels pour tenter de prédire la performance des criminels. Toutefois, une revue de la littérature scientifique révèle un manque d'utilisation de modèles quantitatifs basés sur les capitaux criminels pour prédire la performance criminelle subjective. La présente étude se distingue en utilisant des données longitudinales quotidiennes provenant du plus grand forum de pirates informatiques en ligne, Hackforums.net (HF). Elle explore deux mesures de performance criminelle, à savoir la performance perçue par les pairs (réputation) et celle perçue par les administrateurs (prestige), ce qui permet d'apporter des nuances à l'analyse de la performance criminelle au sein des réseaux en ligne. Ce faisant, elle répond à l'objectif principal de l'étude : mesurer et comprendre la performance criminelle chez les participants de HF. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent la capacité distinctive des capitaux criminels à prédire les indicateurs de performance criminelle. De plus, elle souligne l'importance de la subjectivité dans l'acquisition de la performance, avec des critères de distribution de ressources limitées ou rares divergeant entre pairs et administrateurs. Enfin, cette recherche situe HF dans le contexte spécifique des sous-cultures déviantes, en raison de ses critères de performance uniques à cette sphère. / Following the work of Blumstein and his colleagues (1986), the paradigm of criminal careers has become a significant topic in scientific criminology, delving into various dimensions that constitute this paradigm. However, one of the original dimensions of the paradigm does not include criminal performance. This concept helps us understand which individuals excel in criminal activities and in what context (Ouellet & Tremblay, 2014). This is because performance, which is mainly based on the lure of gain, varies according to criminogenic objectives (McCarthy & Hagan, 2001; Ouellet et al., 2020). While researchers in criminology have explored its objective aspect, such as criminal income (see: McCarthy & Hagan, 2001; Morselli & Tremblay, 2004; Nguyen & Bouchard, 2013; Ouellet & Tremblay, 2014; Robitaille, 2004; Tremblay & Morselli, 2000; Uggen & Thompson, 2003) or impunity (see: Loughran et al., 2009; Ouellet & Bouchard, 2017), the subjective aspect of performance, including reputation, prestige, or self-efficacy, has been largely understudied in criminology, especially when it comes to the population of cybercriminals. The literature has long used criminal capital to attempt to predict criminal performance. However, a review of the scientific literature reveals a lack of quantitative models based on criminal capital to predict subjective criminal performance. This present study distinguishes itself by using daily longitudinal data from the largest online hacking forum, Hackforums.net (HF). It explores two measures of criminal performance, namely, performance perceived by peers (reputation) and that perceived by administrators (prestige), thus adding nuance to the analysis of criminal performance within online networks. In doing so, it addresses the main objective of the study: to measure and understand criminal performance among HF participants. The results of this study reveal the distinctive ability of criminal capital to predict indicators of criminal performance. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of subjectivity in acquiring performance, with criteria for the distribution of limited or rare resources differing between peers and administrators. Finally, this research situates HF in the specific context of deviant subcultures, due to its unique performance criteria in this sphere.

[pt] As conferências por computador incorporam-se cada vez mais ao dia-a-dia acadêmico, através de programas de ensino a distância e de sua utilização como ferramenta auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Contudo, os estudos têm privilegiado as modalidades sincrônicas de comunicação. As poucas incursões pela assincronia detêm-se nas listas de discussão ou limitam-se a definições no que tange ao fórum. Preenchendo esta lacuna, o presente estudo trata de um fórum de discussão privado ocorrido simultaneamente às aulas presenciais de uma turma de engenharia elétrica da PUC-Rio. O objetivo é descrever e analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente o papel do fórum enquanto experiência discursiva, investigando como se dá a interação e a construção do conhecimento; a possível caracterização do fórum como gênero ou suporte; e o efeito da intervenção do professor no processo. Inspirada pelo sociointeracionismo, a análise focou a freqüência de participação e sua direcionalidade, o fluxo de tópico, a presença social e cognitiva via índices lingüísticos que indicassem afeto, atitude, metacognição, complexidade lexical e sintática. Os resultados sugerem que o fórum deveria ser investigado dentro de um arcabouço de estudos de gênero. Sugerem também que o fórum é um gênero e funciona como uma comunidade de prática, favorecendo a reflexão crítica através de práticas discursivas dialógicas, a aprendizagem de elos coesivos na produção textual, o processo de letramento e de desenvolvimento da inteligência coletiva. Aparentemente, o fórum de discussão contribui para a construção da identidade social e profissional dos participantes. / [en] Computer conferencing has been increasingly incorporated to academic routines, either in distance learning or in the regular classroom, as a support. Nevertheless, the literature has focused on synchronous CMC; its few incursions into asynchrony refer to discussion lists or limit themselves to defining the forum. To fill up such a gap, this study focuses on a private forum held simultaneously with classroom learning by undergrads in Electrical Engineering, at PUC-Rio. Its objective is to describe and analyze, quantitative and qualitatively, the role of the forum as a discursive experience, investigating how interaction and knowledge construction take place; the possibility of characterizing the forum as a genre; and the effect of teacher`s intervention in the process. Inspired by sociointeractionism, it analyzed participation and interactional direction, the topic framework, social and cognitive aspects signaled by linguistic devices that represent affect, attitude, metacognition, lexical and syntactic complexity. Results suggest that future studies need to address the forum within the paradigm of genre study. It also suggests that the forum is a genre and functions as a community of inquiry, leading to critical thinking by means of dialogical discursive and literacy practices, learning of coesive ties in writing, and the development of collective intelligence. Apparently, it contributes to the construction of the social and professional identities of the participants.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux représentations que se font les timides de leur timidité au sein d’un forum de discussion anglophone. Alors que les représentations sociales de la timidité se sont transformées suivant leur contexte sociohistorique et socioculturel, les valeurs occidentales contemporaines de la sociabilité ont posé les conditions pour une timidité perçue comme un problème social et médical. De ce fait, ce mémoire souhaite comprendre comment les sujets timides se représentent l’objet de leur timidité au sein de quatre fils de discussion qui engagent chacun une manière spécifique d'envisager la timidité : « Identité de soi », « Introverti.e », « Compétences sociales », « Anxiété sociale ». Mobilisant les représentations sociales, « l’idéaltype », l’interactionnisme symbolique et l’identité, une centaine de billets anonymes rédigés en 2019 et en 2020 ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique avec le logiciel NVivo. De cette analyse, quatre « idéaltypes » sont proposés suivant les représentations de la timidité et la motivation de rédaction des billets : la timidité acquise face à une introversion innée (« Introverti.e »); la timidité comme une souffrance expérientielle avec un regard tourné vers le passé (« Anxiété sociale »); la quête du secret des interactions sociales avec un regard sur le présent (« Compétences sociales »); le processus optimiste de la transformation de soi avec un regard tourné vers le futur (« Identité de soi »). Ces quatre « idéaltypes » partagent une représentation de la timidité comme un problème individuel dont la thérapie est une responsabilité individuelle. / This thesis examines the representations shy people have of their shyness in an English-speaking discussion forum. While social representations of shyness have transformed according to their sociohistorical and sociocultural context, contemporary Western values of sociability have set the conditions for shyness seen as a social and medical problem. As a result, this thesis aims to understand how shy subjects perceive the object of their shyness within four discussion threads, which each engage a specific way of considering shyness: “Self-identity”, “Introversion”, “Social skills”, “Social anxiety”. Mobilizing social representations, the “ideal type”, symbolic interactionism and identity, a hundred anonymous posts written in 2019 and 2020 were the subject of a thematic analysis with NVivo. From this analysis, I propose four “ideal types” according to the representations of shyness and the motivation for writing posts: the shyness acquired in the face of innate introversion (“Introvert”); shyness as experiential suffering with a look to the past (“social anxiety”); the quest for the secret of social interactions with a look at the present (“Social skills”); the optimistic process of self-transformation with a look to the future (“Self-identity”). These four “ideal types” share a representation of shyness as an individual problem for which therapy is an individual responsibility.