Esta tese oferece um panorama de ideias sobre a tradução do verso livre em inglês para o português com base em uma pesquisa feita com dez tradutores brasileiros, por meio de um questionário com 13 perguntas abordando diferentes aspectos do tema. A pesquisa contextualiza as respostas com um perfil detalhado de cada um dos tradutores que participaram dela e uma análise contrastiva do grupo em conjunto, com base nos conceitos de habitus e campo, desenvolvidos pelo sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, aplicados à area da tradução. A tese conclui que a visão dos entrevistados reflete aspectos do conceito de verso livre, que engloba uma série de estilos poéticos, e enumera os pontos mais relevantes no conjunto das respostas, como a divisão dos poemas em versos livres em categorias, a necessidade de identificar o princípio de organização do poema e considerações a respeito da tradução do ritmo. / This thesis makes an overview of ideas on the translation of free verse from English into Portuguese based on a survey with ten Brazilian translators, who answered a questionnaire with 13 questions about different aspects of the subject. The study contextualizes the answers with a detailed profile of each participant, based on the concepts of field and habitus, developed by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, applied to translation. It concludes that the answers reflect aspects of the concept of free verse and identifies the most important points, like the division of free verse poems into categories, the need to identify the organization principle of the poem, and considerations on translation of rhythm.

This project consists of nineteen poems produced during my undergraduate career at the University of New Orleans. Issues concerning the female body; science (particularly astronomy and evolutionary theory); and theories about the creative process, capitalism, and relationships characterize the themes of this manuscript. Some poems are clearly part of the same narrative, while others are composed in various modes: epistle, address, self-definition, elegy, and lyric. This thesis includes prose and emblematic forms; there are poems styled after other poets and one composed entirely of “found” sentences. The poems consider what it means to be a young poet in 2017—a time when the artist must constantly argue for the importance of art and herself in an increasingly tense political and socioeconomic environment. I plan to submit these poems to literary journals.

Nîmâ Youchîdj, père de la poésie nouvelle en Iran, bénéficie d’apports culturels multiples dans le domaine de lalittérature persane et mondiale. Parmi les facteurs fondamentaux dans la réussite de ce poète novateur, la connaissancede la langue et de la littérature française apparaissent primordiales. C’est à l’école Saint-Louis que le poète s’initie à lalangue française, et que naît alors une véritable passion pour la littérature française, ses écrits en sont un témoignagefidèle. La maîtrise de cette langue lui ouvre de nouvelles perspectives littéraires. Il fréquente avec assiduité les ouvragespoétiques du XIXe siècle.Aussi le présent travail analyse l’influence d’Arthur Rimbaud, figure phare de la poésie française, sur la théorie et lapoésie de ce poète iranien. La méthodologie de base de cette thèse est puisée dans les théories de Carl Gustave Jung etde Gaston Bachelard. Afin de présenter l’importance de Nîmâ Youchîdj dans la révolution littéraire, cette étude traitedes différents styles et mouvements littéraires en Iran et du rôle de quelques poètes novateurs dans la modernisation dela poésie persane. La fréquence des éléments fondamentaux communs entre la poésie de ces deux poètes, la nature, lesconnotations symboliques et politiques et en particulier la notion de la poésie « objective » constituent le corps de cetteétude comparatiste. Celle-ci montre comment et dans quelle mesure le poète persan s’inspire des écrits d’ArthurRimbaud, précurseur de la poésie objective française pour fonder son manifeste et rompre avec la poésie classique, afinde fonder la « poésie libre » en Iran. / Youchîdj Nima, father of the new poetry in Iran, benefits from multiple cultural contributions in the field of Persian andworld literature. Among the fundamental factors in the success of this innovative poet, knowledge of the Frenchlanguage and literature seems to be of paramount importance. The poet started learning French language at the St. Louisschool where his passion for French literature is born; his writings are a true testimony to it. His command of Frenchopened up new literary perspectives for him. He studied diligently the poetic works of the 19th century.Moreover the present work analyses the influence of iconic French poet Arthur Rimbaud on the theory and poetry ofYouchîdj. The basic methodology of this thesis is drawn from the theories of Gustave Carl Jung and Gaston Bachelard.In order to present the importance of Nima Youchîdj in the literary revolution, this study deals with different styles andliterary movements in Iran and the role of several innovative poets in modernizing the Persian poetry. The frequency ofcommon fundamental elements between the poetry of these two poets forms the body of this comparative study whichincludes: nature, symbolic and political connotations, and especially the notion of the “objective” poetry. It shows howand to what extent the Persian poet was inspired to begin free poetry in Iran, following the writings of Arthur Rimbaud,the French pioneer of objective poetry who created his manifesto and broke away from classical poetry.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第20474号 / 人博第824号 / 新制||人||197(附属図書館) / 28||人博||824(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 桂山 康司, 教授 水野 眞理, 准教授 池田 寛子, 教授 長畑 明利 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

This is a collection of poems that are confrontations with the self – the self as a vessel of memory (hence the “Post” in the title, in addition to its double-meaning of “Post,” as in online self-revelation), as writer, as mother of a young child, as wife, as lover, writer, psyche, self-reflexive animal. The voice is private, heightened, direct, and colloquial, engaging in unexpected imagery, figurative language, and grammatical-play, and drawing from all levels of language and culture. The poems often record the process of trying to untangle the complexity of the self at the moment of writing, and they incorporate the particulars of the moment of writing, or associations at the moment of writing, as scaffolding for self-reflection. They are philosophical in a personal sense. Some of areas of concern explored or touched on in the poems include place, privilege, God, music, contradiction, ambivalence, the intersections of pain and pleasure, family, community, isolation, connection/disconnection, romantic love, gender, sexuality, victimization, morality language, and depression, but most of all, the state and degree and struggle for self-awareness vis-à-vis these issues. Most of these poems come through a self or a self-persona, and that self is a sensitive, even volatile character – through childhood, adolescence, marriage & martial separation, and motherhood. Often, in these poems, this self seeks refuge, escape, and redemption through language and through the body. The poet also explores form and poetic mode, in disrupted or reimagined narrative, villanelle, elegy, and sonnet form. / Master of Fine Arts

[pt] Esta pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre as gravações de voz realizadas por poetas e o desenvolvimento do verso livre novo. Partindo da hipótese de que este tipo de gravação teria se tornado, para poetas que trabalham com o verso livre, um efetivo modo de escrita e entendendo as gravações como possível prática artística mais do que mero registro ou arquivo, os poemas, escritos e gravados, são analisados aqui principalmente a partir da relação entre sua dimensão gráfica e sonora. O trabalho do poeta estadunidense Frank O Hara é o principal objeto da análise. / [en] This research analyzes the act of recording the voice when made by poets. Looking at this type of recording as a possible way of writing, and understanding it also as an artistic practice more than merely a kind of archive, the poems, written and recorded, are analyzed here mainly as regards their relationship between their graphic and sound dimension. The American poet Frank O Hara is taken and analyzed as the main example of this practice.

This diploma work is mainly a monography of a Czech author Pavel Zajicek. The base of this study is the analysis and the interpretation of his lifelong official and samizdat literary work. In the analysis of some of his prerevolutionary books as the main source I used mainly the critiques of the contemporary literary magazines. I also present the life of the author itself, especially in the context of the period he lived in. I will briefly mention two musical bands that are closely related to this personality {--} DG 307 and PPU. In my studies I use my personal e-mail with Pavel Z. and I do not forget to observe all accesible dialogues with this poet. This diploma work is mainly a monography of a Czech author Pavel Zajicek. The base of this study is the analysis and the interpretation of his lifelong official and samizdat literary work. In the analysis of some of his prerevolutionary books as the main source I used mainly the critiques of the contemporary literary magazines. I also present the life of the author itself, especially in the context of the period he lived in. I will briefly mention two musical bands that are closely related to this personality {--} DG 307 and PPU. In my studies I use my personal e-mail with Pavel Z. and I do not forget to observe all accesible dialogues with this poet. This diploma work is mainly a monography of a Czech author Pavel Zajicek. The base of this study is the analysis and the interpretation of his lifelong official and samizdat literary work. In the analysis of some of his prerevolutionary books as the main source I used mainly the critiques of the contemporary literary magazines. I also present the life of the author itself, especially in the context of the period he lived in. I will briefly mention two musical bands that are closely related to this personality {--} DG 307 and PPU. In my studies I use my personal e-mail with Pavel Z. and I do not forget to observe all accesible dialogues with this poet.

Édouard Dujardin (1861-1949), fondateur de la Revue wagnérienne et de la Revue Indépendante de littérature et d’art, n’a pas été seulement un théoricien du symbolisme, il en a été le praticien. Son œuvre littéraire entre 1885 et 1893 explore aussi bien le vers que la prose, en retrace les questionnements. Résolument engagée dans l’avant-Garde, elle ne s’attaque pas seulement à l’édifice du réalisme, elle remet en cause le modèle de la mimèsis dans une recherche formelle intense. Ainsi l’œuvre de Dujardin se fait-Elle, de manière exemplaire, témoin de cette crise du vers que traversait l’univers des lettres. Genres, formes et confrontation entre les arts délimitent ce parcours en trois parties, qui ne suit pas un plan linéaire ou chronologique, mais un questionnement spécifique déterminé par chaque ouvrage. Pour cette raison, nous avons commencé par son théâtre, qui soulevait la question de l’identité du personnage. Le prénom Antonia nous a ainsi servi de fil conducteur pour aborder la relation vers et prose, telle qu’elle se manifeste soit dans le poème en prose soit dans le vers libre. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons interrogé les formes, la prose poétique de ses nouvelles et de son roman, qui répondent partiellement aux critères définissant le poème en prose. Enfin, dans le cadre de la confrontation entre les arts, nous nous sommes intéressés au phénomène textuel Les Lauriers sont coupés, considéré par la critique comme un procédé de « monologue intérieur », puis au rapport entre poésie et musique par l’étude de l’ouvrage Litanies mélopées pour chant et piano, qui met en vis-À-Vis poème et musique. / Edouard Dujardin (1861-1949), the founder of Revue wagnérienne (the Wagnerian Journal) and Revue Indépendante de littérature et d’art (the independent journal of literature and art) has not only been a theoretician on symbolism but also a practitioner. His literary work between 1885 and 1893 explores verse as well as prose and traces back its questionings. Being resolutely engaged in the avant-Garde, it does not only tackle the structure of realism but also questions the model of mimesis in a sort of formal and intense research. It thus happens that Dujardin’s literary work testifies, in an exemplary way for that matter, to the crisis in verse that the literary universe was undergoing. Genres, forms and confrontations of different forms of arts define this course in three parts which does not follow a linear plan nor a chronological one but rather a specific questioning determined by each literary work. This is the reason why we started by studying his drama which raised the question of the character’s identity. The name of Antonia was thus used as a thread to tackle the relationship between prose and verse, as shown in the poem in prose or in free verse.In a second part, we questioned the forms-The poetic prose of his short stories and of his novel- which partly fulfil the criteria of the poem in verse. Lastly, in the context of the confrontation between the different types of arts, we focused on the text viewed as a phenomenon- Les Lauriers sont coupes- considered by critics as a form of “stream of consciousness” then on the connection between poetry and music through the study of the work Litanies, “mélopées” for piano and song, which confronts poem and music.

This article compares two cases of poetic self-translation in two different periods in the development of modern Swahili literature – Euphrase Kezilahabi in Tanzania of the 1970s and Kithaka wa Mberia in Kenya of the 2000s. These writers represent two different literary situations and two different statuses that Swahili literature had achieved in the respective periods. The main argument in the article is that the two writers in their works seem to have a similar aim – to familiarise wider audiences on the national level with elitist poetic forms. The differences in both cases are determined by the specific socio-cultural context.

A la fin du dix-neuvième siècle et au commencement du vingtième, la poésie péruvienne a eu une particulière relation avec différentes traditions littéraires, et surtout avec la poésie française. Dans la présente thèse on cherche à expliquer les liens entre le Symbolisme français et quelques poètes péruviens de cette période : Nicanor Della Rocca de Vergalo, Manuel González Prada et José María Eguren. On cherche à établir une lecture « intertextuelle » entre les textes des « Maîtres » du Symbolisme (Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud et Mallarmé) et les poètes péruviens mentionnés. En plus, cette lecture doit considérer les rapports et les différences avec des mouvements et concepts proches du Symbolisme, comme le Parnassianisme et le Décadentisme, ainsi que le Modernisme hispano-américain. Alors, cette recherche est une étude comparative entre deux traditions qui ont établi un « dialogue » particulier: Rocca de Vergalo, dont les livres ont été écrits en français, contribue au processus du vers libéré français ; González Prada a rénové la poésie péruvienne avec des formes européennes (par exemple le rondeau français) et a été aussi le diffuseur du Parnasse et du Symbolisme au Pérou ; et José María Eguren est le créateur d’un symbolisme particulier en langue espagnole. Sa poésie est un mélange de diverses traditions européennes, « acclimatées » dans son original modernisme et même postmodernisme. C’est une vision fantastique du monde à partir de sujets « obscurs » à partir de l’enfance, l’absence et la mort. / From ends of 19th century and beginnings of the XXth, the Peruvian poetry had a particular relation with different traditions, and especially with the French poetry. In the present thesis we try to explain the links between the French Symbolism and some Peruvian poets of this period: Nicanor Della Rocca de Vergalo, Manuel González Prada and Jose María Eguren. We try to establish an "intertextual" reading between the texts of "teachers" of Symbolism (Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud and Mallarmé) and the Peruvian poets. In addition, these analysis must to consider the relations and differences with movements and concepts next the Symbolism, as the Parnassianism and the Decadentism, and also with the Spanish-American Modernism. Since then, this research is a comparative study between two traditions that established an peculiar "dialog": Rocca de Vergalo, whose books have been written in French, is a part of the process of "liberated verse"; González Prada renewed the Peruvian poetry with European forms (for example the French "rondeau") and was also the diffuser of Parnassianism and Symbolism in Peru; and Jose Maria Eguren is the creator of a particular symbolism in Spanish. His poetry is a mixture of diverse traditions, "acclimated" in his original modernism and postmodernism. It is a fantastic vision of the world from "dark" topics as the infancy, the absence and the death.