Magister Artium - MA / This study entitled, “Private property, gentrification, tension and change at the ‘urban edge’: a study of Jamestown, Stellenbosch.” is about a small place called Jamestown, in which I have lived all my life. Jamestown, located near the town of Stellenbosch is situated 40 km to the east of Cape Town, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The Stellenbosch area has a long history, as an early settlement in the Dutch Colonial period, in which missionaries were active in the establishment of the town and its associated agricultural activities after the end of slavery in 1848. It was the location in which missionary societies first built churches and much missionary activity began. Jamestown was established in 1903 as part of this process as a Rhenish Mission by the Rev. Jacob Weber and James Rattray who made land available to a church congregation, made up of local small-scale farmers. Contemporary Jamestown remains the home to many descendants of the original families who still live and farm in a self-sustainable manner. Yet, in 1965, Jamestown’s future was under threat as the infamous Group Areas Act was being implemented across the country under apartheid. In 1966 a decision was made that to save Jamestown from forced removals and declaration as a White Group Area, after which it was declared a Coloured Group Area. This thesis explores the significance of this decision and examines how this shift influenced the future of Jamestown. Major changes have been occurring in and around Jamestown since 2000 and from 2009 Jamestown has been designated as being situated on the ‘urban edge’ of Stellenbosch. Rapid transformation with burgeoning urban sprawl, suburbanisation and gentrification taking place in the areas surrounding the town with new themed developments, including gated communities and malls has taken place. This research tracks how long-standing Jamestown residents have been affected by these land-use changes and the social effect this has had on their lives. The significant rise in the demand for private property in the area has led to the increase of property prices over the last 15 years. Land in Jamestown, which didn’t have much value previously, rose significantly in value and together with this, the rates and taxes have escalated to such an extent that the majority of Jamestown’s residents, made up of low to middle-income households, cannot afford to own property. Occurring in parallel with this process a heritage committee has been established as residents seek to retain Jamestown’s “village feel”, while for developers, the change in and around Jamestown has brought huge profits. In short this thesis is concerned with the complex interplay between the effects of private property development, gentrification and claims to heritage in the place I consider home, in post-apartheid Jamestown.

The Lonely Planet advises visitors to Granada, Spain to "turn off...into the cobbled alleys of Calderería Vieja or Nueva and in a few steps you've left Europe behind." La Calderería is known for its Arab influences and North African immigrant businesses. A tourist's ability to easily step off one continent and enter another realm demonstrates an imagined border between Europe and the Orient, especially North Africa, that is created by historical narratives, policy discourses and daily practices. The antagonism between an imagined white, Catholic and European Spain vis-à-vis its North African Muslim neighbors is fundamental to the history of the Spanish nation. This East/West divide has recently been recast as Moroccan immigration, inspired by proximity and colonial legacies, since the 1980s has made Moroccan the largest immigrant group by nationality in Spain. Supranational borders, neighborhoods and specific streets participate in an intense debate about cultural difference, based on a complicated mixture of racial, ethnic and religious categories. Concurrently, more regional autonomy within the Spanish state has led Andalusia to reclaim its Islamic heritage, especially in Granada where tourism is important economically. This has dovetailed with gentrification of the Albayzín. Both the appropriation of the Islamic period of Iberian history and the contemporary social exclusion of Moroccan immigrants are realized through Orientalism. In La Calderería, tea, souvenirs, male Moroccan vendors, Western female tourists, pavement, cultural conservation, public space ordinances and police surveillance create a site where public and private space blurs and ‘practical orientalism’ constitutes subjects performing and resisting the identities prescribed to them. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Inom samhällsplanering och samhällsstyrning sker det ständigt förändringar. Privata aktörers medverkan har blivit en viktig faktor för planering och det diskuteras på flertal håll om hur näringslivet kan eller ska involveras mer i planering. Näringslivet ses oftare som en medspelare som dessutom börjar bli alltmer närvarande i planeringen i olika avseenden. Detta blir aktuellt får vårt studieobjekt “Fastighetsägare BID Sofielund” som bygger på en sådan samverkan mellan privat och offentlig sektor. I exempelvis USA har BID-processer kommit långt jämfört med Sverige. Det är också i Nordamerika som samverkansformen Business Improvement District formades. Eftersom BID är en ny samverkansform inom svensk stadsplanering blir det särskilt intressant för oss att undersöka. Vår uppsats syftar till att undersöka och förstå hur denna BID-samverkan motiveras i praktiken. Detta gör vi genom en fallstudie av den BID-samverkansprocess som fortgår i Sofielund i Malmö. Intervjuer har använts som tekniker för att genomföra studien och de resultat som framkom av vår undersökning visade att BID som styrningsform motiveras på flertal sätt vilket kan bero på att BID som styrningsform är ny i svensk kontext. Vi har även fått fram ett resultat som tyder på att BIDs är ett uttryck för den neoliberala paradigm som härskar i planeringen och ett uttryck för en viss typ av governancestyrning. Slutsatser vi drar från vår undersökning är å ena sidan att BID Sofielund kan innebära en positiv utveckling för området med sänkt kriminalitet och med seriösa fastighetsvärdar som bidrar till att utveckla stadsdelen, å andra sidan kan vi urskilja en risk för att gentrifiering och liknande processer kan ske i området i och med BID Sofielunds arbete. / In community planning, there are constant changes. The involvement of private actors has become an important factor in planning processes, and it is discussed in many contexts how commercial and industrial life can or should be involved more in planning. The business world becomes more often a co-creator within urban and regional planning in various aspects. This is the case, for our study object "Fastighetsägare BID Sofielund" that is based on such cooperation between the private and public sectors. For example, in the United States, this has been ongoing for a long time in comparison with Sweden. It is also in North America that the business improvement district was formed. Since BID is a new form of cooperation within Swedish city planning, it is particularly interesting for us to study. Our paper aims to investigate and understand how this BID collaboration is motivated in practice. This is done by a case study of the BID collaboration process in Sofielund, Malmö. Interviews have been used as a technique to complete the study and the results of our survey showed that BID as a form of governance is motivated in several ways, which may be due to the fact that BID as a form of governance is new in Swedish context. We have also provided a result that suggests that BIDs are an expression of the neoliberal paradigm that rules in the planning field and an expression of a certain type of governance. The conclusions we make from our study is that BID Sofielund can lead to a positive development for the area with reduced crime and with serious property owners that helps to develop the area, on the other hand, we can interpret a risk of gentrification and similar processes that could take place in the area through BID Sofielund's work.

This research paper analyses the culture and community in Bo-Kaap, which is battling to preserve its heritage amid growing gentrification. Gentrification in this area is analysed as a special case in point, as although gentrification is happening in other neighbourhoods in Cape Town, Bo-Kaap is the home of Islam in South Africa, and is geographically set in a prime location of the city. This research paper includes an ethnographic study, as well as a photographic essay and a podcast series which supports the research in creative forms.The researcher interviewed several people from the area to discern the culture and the issues faced by the community. This paper examines the ethnographic lived experience of the researcher, as well as that of a local family. Three main events are examined to provide insight into the culture and community, namely an AirBnb traditional cooking experience, Eid AlAdha and the visit to the area by the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. The findings of this paper show that significant changes have and continue to occur, although the community is resilient in their efforts to preserve the culture. This research aims to provide additional and alternative records of the culture of the community as it stands in present day, in a holistic research effort. It also showcases the importance of the rich culture of the community which society needs to ensure is preserved.

This thesis explores the gentrification of a rural village along the Ecuadorian coast by exploring its connection with the tourism industry. Through the use of several ethnographic methods, the data collected demonstrates gentrification outside of the context of urban areas by focusing on a rural area of the Global South. The rural gentrification of this village results in drastic increases in land value and the subordination of local people within the labor hierarchy, relegating them to positions of service. As the dominant economy, tourism leaves locals with few avenues for economic mobility. In doing so, tourism forces its own reproduction as locals engage in the industry through the creation of their own touristic businesses. Finally, this thesis exhibits how local communities control the type of tourism and tourists they host. Community-tourism discourse provides us with the tools necessary to illustrate local hosts as dynamic actors who sustain the tourism industry. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Roughly 1 million Blacks fled from the South to cities in the North, and with this shift New York City saw a 66% increase in its Black population between 1910 and 1920. By the end of the 1920s Harlem had become home to approximately 200,000 Black residents. But during the period 2000 to 2016 three of the nation's top ten gentrifying zip codes could be found in Harlem, and Harlem's Black population decreased by 23,166 residents, while Harlem's white population increased by 33,442 during this era. Similar to Harlem having played a pivotal role in Black culture throughout the United States, the Black church has been a pillar and resource in the Black community. In sustaining its congregants, the Black church has played a critical role in Black liberation. But despite the potential that Black churches may hold, many are experiencing declining attendance and presence. This study aims to examine the racially nuanced dynamics of Harlem's spaces confronting gentrification by looking at the interrelated dynamics of gentrification and the Black church. Data was collected via participant observation and semi-structured interviews in Harlem. The research elucidates findings regarding Harlem's gentrification, the Black church in Harlem, tactics for survival of the Black church amid gentrification, and how the Black church may play a role in combating the state-sanctioned violence of gentrification.

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Abstract Yeoville presents a particular context of the inner city in decline and has been identified by the city as a suburb in need of regeneration. In 2004, The Yeoville Rockey/Raleigh High Street Development was conceived as the urban regeneration strategy for the upgrading of the suburb. The objectives of this strategy were to upgrade strategic public facilities and to improve urban management of the area over a period of five years. Through the prioritisation of a privatised urban management system, the aim was to attract a new middle class back into Yeoville (gentrification). However, the absence of a plan for dealing with the socio-economic challenges faced by the existing poorer residents has leads to cultural and class conflicts. International experience has shown that in order to achieve the long-term, strategic regeneration of poorer neighbourhoods, social networks and community development should be prioritised. An effective regeneration strategy should budget for capacity building from the outset and should involve citizens in the design and decision making process in order to ensure that the needs of all the local actors are met and that all possible resources are mobilised. At the forefront of this approach are alternative methodologies like social network analysis, which aim to reconnect the social, cultural and economic dimensions of society to rhythms of space and time. The focus on the mapping of existing social capital resources helps to pinpoint the opportunities, and constraints presented within neighbourhoods and ultimately guide the restructuring process in a meaningful and relevant way.

Since the adoption of neoliberalism, many cities have taken to integrating nature with capital accumulation to create a sense of place. This has been closely tied to urban greening, or green "revitalization." As part of curating this desired character, city governments are working to roll out plans to restore and renew neighborhoods using their natural landscapes through methods such as reforestation, the creation of parks, and commercial development. These cities, deemed Entrepreneurial cities, are increasingly incorporating natural or green spaces into their development of character as part of their branding schemes. This research focuses on the role of nature as the site of economic development and community revitalization within Dallas, Texas. This research examines how the City of Dallas uses nature to attract capital, and how the narratives of development relate to residents' visions for development in the historically neglected Joppa neighborhood in the Trinity River Corridor. Development near Joppa could be an example of how the natural landscape is being used to not only attract developers but also to bring a different ‘class' of resident into the area. By exploring this intersection of nature and capital in Dallas, we can better understand the nuanced ways through which the neoliberalization of nature can lead to deeper social and economic disparities.