L’Ouest du Montana, écrin de nature sauvage dans les montagnes Rocheuses, est depuis les années 1990 au cœur de dynamiques de migrations d’aménités et de gentrification rurale : celles-ci s’appuient sur des récits multiples - fictionnels tout autant que biographiques - qui mettent en scène des trajectoires de vie intimement liées à l’environnement. Réinvesti au nom de nouvelles valeurs dominantes, il constitue aujourd’hui un champ puissant que les individus mobilisent à travers leurs pratiques et représentations. Devenu avant tout support d’activités récréatives plus ou moins distinctives, ou paysage à contempler, l’environnement est déterminant dans la mutation socio-territoriale de l’Old en New West. Or, les dynamiques migratoires contemporaines ne sont ni socialement ni spatialement homogènes, et les inégalités d’accès à l’environnement sont manifestes. Il s’agit alors d’interroger l’existence d’élus et d’exclus dans l’archipel du New West, et plus généralement de soulever l’enjeu des inégalités socio-environnementales dans l’Ouest du Montana. En les analysant au prisme de la grille de lecture « capital environnemental », cette thèse tend alors à saisir le rôle de l’environnement, pensé dans toutes ses dimensions, dans la fabrique socio-territoriale d’un Ouest du Montana en mutation et à interroger la manière dont il génère et entretient de profondes inégalités et injustices. Dans un contexte de fortes recompositions socio-territoriales, il est au cœur de nouveaux investissements stratégiques qui déterminent les rapports de force. / A shrine of wilderness amidst the Rocky Mountains, Western Montana has been at the heart of a dynamic of amenity migration and rural gentrification since the 1990's : fictional and biographical stories support that dynamic and tell of life paths that are intimately tied to the environment. Individuals are now compelled to determine themselves in regard to that powerful field that has been reinvested through prevailing new values. From Old West to New West, social and territorial change is in itself determined by the environment as a field for more and less distinctive recreational activities or as a landscape to contemplate. Nevertheless, contemporary migratory dynamics are neither socially nor spatially equally shared and nor is access to the environment. Let us question the existence of outcast and chosen few in the New West Archipelago and raise the issue of Western Montana social and environmental inequities in general. Using « environmental capital » as a framework to interpret these inequities, this thesis tends to focus on how the environment, in its multiple forms, plays its part in the transformation of Western Montana and how it creates and sustains deep inequities and injustice. In a time of strong social and territorial change the environment is at the heart of new strategic investments that determine the balance of power.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).

Cette recherche est née de deux constats : d’une part, de la faible prise en compte de la nuit comme objet de recherche en géographie et en sciences humaines et sociales plus généralement, et d’autre part, que le centre-ville de Bordeaux, à l’image d’autres centres anciens, fait l’objet de transformations importantes. En effet, Depuis une vingtaine d’année, l’accent est mis sur la revitalisation des centres-villes, via des politiques de patrimonialisation, cette tendance sous-tend également le grand projet urbain initié à Bordeaux par Alain Juppé en 1995. La problématique centrale de la thèse est alors de comprendre le rôle et l’impact des mutations urbaines sur la géographie de la nuit à Bordeaux. Il a donc été question, dans un premier temps, d’analyser ces mutations et leurs conséquences sur la vie nocturne et, dans un second temps, d’étudier la façon dont la géographie de la nuit se manifeste à Bordeaux. Peut-on alors dire que Bordeaux tend à se développer 24h sur 24 ou la nuit est-elle encore une frontière ? / This thesis spawns from two observations: firstly, that 'the night' has rarely been subject to research in geography or the social sciences, and secondly, that Bordeaux city center, in the image of other old city centers, is undergoing important transformations. In the last twenty years most towns and cities have been subject to revitalization via political policies of “heritagization”. This trend also underlies the great urban project initiated in Bordeaux by Alain Juppe in 1995. The central problematic to this thesis is, therefore, to understand the role and the impacts of urban changes on the nocturnal geography of Bordeaux. Initially, it is necessary to examine these changes and their consequences of on the nightlife of Bordeaux, followed by a study of how the geography of the night manifests itself in Bordeaux. Can it be said that Bordeaux is moving towards and 24hour society, or does the night remain a frontier?

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Sur la base travail d’enquête sur la politique urbaine et les conflits locaux au Havre, cette thèse replace d'abord le cas du Havre, douzième ville française, dans le cadre des mutations urbaines contemporaines en particulier de la place stratégique des waterfronts. En se fondant sur une approche inductive la thèse aborde ensuite les transformations engagées dans les quartiers sud du Havre, notamment le quartier Saint-Nicolas, ancien épicentre de l'activité portuaire historique de la ville. Enfin la thèse s'attache à décrire et à analyser les contestations provoquées par ces politiques urbaines malgré les stratégies de concertation à partir de l'étude de cas de luttes portées par des collectifs d'habitants. / Based on the fieldwork on urban policy and local conflicts in Le Havre city, this thesis first places the case of Le Havre city, in the context of contemporary urban changes, mainly the strategic position of the waterfront. Based on an inductive approach, the thesis then discusses the transformations undertaken in the southern districts of Le Havre, notably the Saint-Nicolas district, the former epicenter of the city's historical port activity. Finally, the thesis focuses on describing and analyzing the challenges provoked by these urban policies, despite the strategies of consultation based on the case studies of struggles carried out by groups of inhabitants.

Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, many American cities experienced the process of gentrification, and there are many studies based on data from this time period. A first purpose of this study was to follow up on the development of gentrification in the 1980s. Northwest Portland, Oregon, is culturally clearly defined as a gentrifying neighborhood and was, therefore, chosen as to empirically assess this process by comparing the 1980 with the 1990 census data. There is some theoretical confusion about the concept of gentrification. There is, however, general consensus on two aspects. The first is a physical renovation of old and run-down inner-city neighborhoods, and the second is a change in the demographic composition of the revitalizing neighborhood from low and middle to upper-middle and high status residents. One aspect of gentrification is largely ignored by empirical studies, but often assumed to flow from physical renovation and compositional change, i.e, an alteration in the fabric of social life in the gentrified area, in patterns of interaction and symbolic attachment. It was a second purpose of this study to explore this issue on the basis of longitudinal survey data collected in the Northwest neighborhood in 1978 and 1993. The census analysis showed that the demographic change in Northwest Portland was surprisingly consistent with Gale's original stage model of gentrification from 1980, but not with predictions for more recent times. The analysis of the survey data showed a lack of overall change in the interactional and symbolic fabric of community life. T-tests for distinct life-cycle stages and socioeconomic status showed a perception of the Northwest neighborhood as a nicer and safer place for all groups. The young were found to form a community consistent with the model of a "community of limited liability." Specifically for older and high income residents it is proposed that the demographic change, which made the neighborhood more status homogeneous, had an important socially integrating impact, consistent with Claude Fischer's notion of "critical mass" creating viable subcultures, since they were found, in opposition to common expectations, to have increased attachment and social contacts in the neighborhood.

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This dissertation argues that urban neoliberal programs currently formulating in the Global South are unprecedented in historical México as well as in examined practices of gentrification and globalization. In this dissertation I specifically focus on the Programa de Rescate – an urban policy being amassed in México City’s Centro Histórico as a nexus of processes of gentrification, neoliberalization, and globalization. This work re-theorizes how gentrification functions when it is implemented in the Global South – as the neoliberalization of space.