The study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-slaughter stress of pigs on the levels of cortisol, creatine kinase (CK) and their subsequent relationship with pork quality. From our knowledge, there is paucity of information on transportation, lairage duration and sex effects on saliva cortisol and its relation with serum cortisol, urine cortisol and other meat quality traits. Stage one of the study assessed the effect of sex and time to slaughter (transport and lairage duration) on the levels of cortisol and CK in crossbred pigs. The second stage of the study evaluated the effect of sex and lairage duration on pork quality. The trials comprised of 60 22-weeks old commercial crossbred pigs [(30 boars vs. 30 gilts) with an average body weight of 76.9kg for gilts and 78.3kg for boars. Thirty pigs (15 Boars vs. 15 Gilts) were slaughtered on arrival after a 120km road journey and the other 30, after travelling the same road and distance, were slaughtered after having been in the lairage for 20 hours. Saliva samples were obtained during three time periods: between 07:00-10:00 on the day before the journey, on arrival at the abattoir and after lairage. Levels of cortisol in serum and urine and CK in serum samples collected at slaughter were determined. The samples (saliva and serum) were centrifuged at 20oC for 10 min at 3550 x g and stored at -20oC in separate vials until analysis. Pork quality was assessed using muscle pH, colour, thawing and cooking losses and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force. Correlations between cortisol levels in saliva, serum and urine and meat quality were assessed. The effect of sex and time to slaughter on saliva cortisol was significant. Statistical analysis showed significant interaction of sex by time to slaughter on serum cortisol. It was only the effect of sex that demonstrated higher (P <0.05) serum creatine kinase levels in gilts. Likewise, urine cortisol was influenced (P <0.05) only by time to slaughter. Saliva cortisol after transportation (r = 0.52) was correlated (P <0.05) with urine cortisol. The study suggests that there are greater responses of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis following time to slaughter (transport and lairage duration) between gilts and boars. This can be used in measuring cortisol in saliva, serum and urine, and serum creatine kinase to determine stress levels in pigs. Besides the lightness (L*) colour value which was significantly lower (P <0.05) in meat from gilts than from boars, the results of this study showed no interaction or individual effect (sex or lairage duration) on pH and other colour measurements. Meat cooking loss was affected (P <0.05) by gender x lairage interaction. Effect of lairage duration (as an individual effect) on the measured meat quality traits was not significant (P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed significant (P <0.05) negative relation between baseline saliva cortisol (r = -0.40) and the pork L* value. Saliva cortisol after lairage duration (r = -0.38 and r = 0.38) was correlated (P <0.05) with pH45 and pork a* value, respectively. Serum cortisol (r = -0.35) was negatively correlated (P <0.05) with pH45. Moreover, there were negative correlations (P <0.05) between saliva cortisol after transportation (r = -0.35), saliva cortisol after lairage duration (r = -0.44), serum cortisol (r = -0.40) and meat cooking loss. The study suggests that cortisol in saliva and serum can be used to determine effect of time to slaughter (transport and lairage duration) on meat quality traits from gilts and boars. Keywords: Boars; gilts; saliva cortisol; serum cortisol; serum creatine kinase; urine cortisol.

Very little is understood about the liveability of mini-suite housing. 600 Drake presented an opportunity to analyze the interrelated social, economic, and physical design aspects of mini-suite housing to determine: 1) The extent and characteristics of the sub-market for mini-suite housing; 2) Whether mini-suite housing is liveable and satisfies residents' needs; and 3) What policies should be instituted to ensure mini-suite development supports civic housing objectives. Academic research has dispelled the notion that the amount of living space is the prime concern of people living in high density residential environments. Rather, psychological aspects, such as an individual's perceptions of privacy and crowdedness, are much more influential. Another important conclusion is the realization that residential satisfaction is a measure of the degree to which a home "fits" the needs and desired lifestyle of an individual. Residents should be given the opportunity to chose the type of housing which satisfies their particular needs. An analysis of demographic and housing market trends in the City of Vancouver indicates the existence of a niche market for mini-suite housing. Population growth, smaller households, rapid new household formation and a young age profile have all put pressure on the existing stock of housing. Changing consumer needs and lifestyle habits also affect the housing stock because traditional forms of housing do not adequately fit the particular needs of emerging niche markets. This case-study asked residents to participate in two mail-back surveys. The Part One Survey revealed that a typical resident of 600 Drake is under 40 years of age, single and holds a post secondary degree. This resident walks or takes public transit to a service sector job located in Downtown Vancouver. Their leisure time is divided between many recreational, entertainment and social activities, most of which take place outside of their home. These people were attracted to 600 Drake because it is a new and modern building. Other features, such as the design of units and amenity areas; the building security system; apartment availability; rent increase protection; and building location motivated people to move into 600 Drake. Affordability had a neutral effect on this housing choice "equation" and apartment size had a slightly negative effect. It is apparent that residents choose to live in 600 Drake because of its design, locational and economic attributes. The Part Two Survey assessed how satisfied residents are with various aspects of their mini-suite, privacy and crowding issues, and the design, services and management of the building. Upon considering their mini-suite, residents reveal they are very satisfied with the design of the kitchen and bathroom areas. However, there are a few problems, such as insufficient closet, balcony and dining space, which are associated with the design of the living/sleeping area. The only significant problem regarding crowding and privacy issues has to do with the negative impacts of neighbourhood street noise. This design problem could have been minimized with more effective acoustical abatement measures such as incorporating glassed-in balconies or central air conditioning. Nonetheless, residents do not feel the building is especially crowded. In addition, residents are extremely satisfied with the amenity areas and management of 600 Drake. The amenity areas provide a valued outlet for residents to instigate casual social interaction with fellow residents. In summary, the vast majority of respondents indicate they are satisfied with their minisuite apartment in 600 Drake. By virtue of the close match between who these units were designed for and who actually moved in, it is evident that this form of housing fits the lifestyle of a particular niche market. Therefore, it is recommended the City of Vancouver permit the development of mini-suite housing. A controlled development approach for mini-suite housing should be adopted that utilizes specified design criteria within a discretionary approval process. Furthermore, mini-suite development should be restricted to the rental housing market and the City should negotiate binding rental agreements with developers to ensure buildings are properly managed and do not permit more than one person to live in a mini-suite apartment. Finally, the City of Vancouver should limit mini-suite housing development to central neighbourhoods to ensure residents have access to social, employment and recreational services located near the CBD. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Salvage investigations were carried out in 1970-71 at the Katz site (DiRj 1), a prehistoric pithouse settlement located along the Fraser River near the eastern end of the lower Fraser valley three miles downriver from Hope, B.C. Various hypotheses have been advanced to account for the presence of pithouses, a house type considered characteristic of the Plateau, in the lower Fraser river region. Archaeological research conducted at the Katz site has revealed (1) that the pithouse settlement was occupied about the middle of the first millennium B.C., (2) that the artefactual remains in association with the pithouse occupancy express technological affinities which are "interior", "coastal", as well as "local" in character, and (3) the site functioned as a multi-season activity locale. Archaeological investigations at Katz also yielded evidence of a utilization of the site prior to pithouse occupancy. In this earlier deposit, artefactual remains were found interbedded in floodplain alluvia. The stratigraphy, tools, and features, of this zone suggest a seasonal utilization of the site during this period, possibly associated with summer and perhaps fall fishing activities. These data are examined and discussed in the light of ecological information, ethnographic accounts, and previous archaeological findings in the region and adjacent regions. Evidence presented in this thesis adds to the empirical research previously undertaken for the purpose of establishing time depth, derivation, and social activities in Northwest pithouse villages, and adds information regarding tool kits, and activities at a seasonally utilized site early in the first millennium B.C. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

This report aims to serve as a logistical foundation for Husmuttern AB. This logistic foundation is defined by a transport solution, a loading solution that is associated with the transport, and a stock proposal for the elements. Husmuttern AB is a newly started company that has developed a new concept of modular housing, which will be built by order.The modular houses will be built by assembling prefabricated parts such as ceilings, walls, foundations and other elements. The advantage of building houses with prefabricated pieces is that the pieces themselves can hold a higher quality when prefabricated, than the pieces fabricated on the construction site, which results in a house that is built in a short matter of time, with high quality. Most of the elements will be prefabricated at Husmuttern’s micro factories.To make the prefabrication, construction and assembly of the houses possible, it is required that there is an efficient transport solution that transports all the necessary goods from retailers to the warehouse, micro-factory and construction site. The purpose of this work is to propose a suitable and efficient transport solution based on the weight and dimensions of the elements that have to be transported.This report is presenting solutions for these problems, where the solutions are assured by calculations that proves that the suggested transport is capable to deliver all necessary elements, and able of loading and unloading all the elements based on their weight and dimensions. A clear proposal on the stock solution for all elements is also presented in the report.The result of this work is considered as successful, due to the ensured transport method, loading method, and the suggested stock and transport partner. Thanks to these fundamental results, a foundation to the logistic solution is created and it is now possible to further develop the logistics, in order to achieve a complete logistics solution for Husmuttern AB.

The object of this thesis is to analyze the marketing communication within the field of prefabricated wooden houses. Through personal interviews with selected companies from Southern Bohemia, insight will be provided on how the aforementioned companies communicate with their respektive customers. Through competitive analysis of these findings, a comparison and conclusionary statement will be drawn by the tools of marketing communication that are typical for this type of segment. An integral part of the thesis will also use the synthesis of scientific literature in order to compare marketing communication tools used in practice with recommended literary references. Presented results can serve as a guide for companies striving for awareness of their strenghts and weaknesses within the field of marketing communications.

The basic intention of this study is to show that the research findings in the field of restorative environments can be used in the design of high-density housing to develop healthy living environments. This study explores the possibility that providing public, semi-public and private landscaped open spaces in and around the dwelling units, can improve the living conditions in a low-rise, high-density housing design. It is primarily concerned with the relationship which people in the high-density settings have with their outdoor environment and explores the possibilities of design and management of the nearby natural area in ways that are beneficial for people and appreciated by them. The study uses the literature on restorative benefits of nature and housing to develop criteria for the design and management of housings at high densities and illustrates the significance and implementation of the design criteria through comparative analysis of the existing and the proposed housing design. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

This thesis investigates empirical analysis as a means of providing information to planners and policy-makers on specific policy decisions. The problem examined in the study is whether empirical analysis can determine the influence of zoning on multiple family development. It was assumed that the main influence of zoning is in determining the location of new multiple family development. The objective was to define the significance of zoning among the factors involved in the locational decision. Through a review of planning and related literature, basic concepts of land use models were examined, identifying some of the limitations of these models. The literature review also included a number of empirical studies, representative of the wide variety of existing research. The factors considered to have the greatest influence of the location on multiple family development were identified from the studies including availability of land, ease of assembly, physical conditions of the neighbourhood, social characteristics of the neighbourhood and local demand. These factors were included in a multiple regression equation, a statistical technique for measuring the amount of variation in the dependent variable (the location of multiple family development) which can be explained by the variation in the independent variables. It was hoped that two years could be analyzed but problems with the data limited the study to one year, 1975. The descriptive data for the City of Vancouver indicated that in 1975, 17 acres of multiple family development was started from a possible 300 acres of developable multiple family zoned land. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the zoning variables which define the availability of land explained four times as much of the variation in the location of multiple family development starts as the combined explanatory power of the remaining significant independent variables. The results are interesting because, they suggest the powerful influence of zoning even when there appears by observation to be an adequate supply of multiple family zoned land. Such empirical analysis cannot determine how much development potential is needed so as not to significantly constrain multiple family development. It does however indicate the relatively small proportions of available land being developed and the strength of zoning in developers' locational decisions. Further analysis could demonstrate how the proportion of development activity to available land changes over time as well as the changing influence of zoning. This information could benefit policy-makers, providing them with a better understanding of the relationship between development and development potential. The advantage of a simple form of empirical analysis, such as undertaken here, is that it is a relatively easy method of generating new information. The type of data used in this study is often available in urban centres and the regression analysis does not involve a large committment in time or money. Provided that planners are careful to recognize the weaknesses of empirical analysis, the additional information which is possible to obtain is justification for its continued use in planning research. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

En el Perú, la violencia, específicamente hacia las mujeres, se viene incrementando con el paso de los años, tal es así que, actualmente el país ocupa el tercer lugar a nivel mundial con más violencia de género y el segundo lugar en Latinoamérica (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2016). Existen en Lima trece casas de refugio para mujeres de las cuarenta y seis que hay en el país (Centro de la Mujer Peruana “Flora Tristán”, 2016), pero lamentablemente su capacidad está en función a la infraestructura existente a la cual adaptaron el uso, más no a la cantidad de mujeres que necesitan ser albergadas. Al estar adaptadas, generalmente en viviendas unifamiliares, solo presentan ambientes de acogida y no brindan los servicios de salud necesarios que contribuyen a la recuperación y rehabilitación integral de las mujeres y niños. Por este motivo, el Centro de Rehabilitación Integral para Mujeres y Familias Vulnerables en Villa El Salvador plantea un lugar de acogida con múltiples servicios de salud, capacitación y albergue, entre otros, con el fin de contribuir a la rehabilitación de las mujeres, y reinsertarlas a la sociedad. / In Peru, violence, specifically against women, has been increasing over the years, up to the point that it is currently ranked third place worldwide and second place in Latin America as the country with the most gender violence (World Health Organization, 2016). There are thirteen shelter houses for women in Lima out of 46 that exist in the country as a whole (Center for Peruvian Women “Flora Tristán”, 2016). Unfortunately, their capacity depends on that of the existing infrastructure which was adapted for this new function, and is not tailored for the number of women that need to be sheltered. This adapted buildings are mostly single family houses that only have reception environments and do not provide the necessary health services that contribute to the recovery and integral rehabilitation of women and children. For this reason, the center for integral rehabilitation for women and vulnerable families in Villa El Salvador district proposes a welcoming place with multiple health, training, and shelter services, in order to contribute to their recovery and reintegration to society. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

In Shivaji Nagar, if you are 39 years old you are most likely dead. Some in this neighborhood say it is far worse if you are alive. Yet, seemingly paradoxically, the residents of this neighborhood do not want to leave it. Located between one of Asia’s largest garbage dumps and Mumbai’s largest abattoir, this Deonar neighborhood is popularly known as “Bombay’s gas chamber.” This dissertation examines the social worlds of the residents of Shivaji Nagar by asking how an apparently odious, and potentially toxic place that appears to foreclose all possibilities other than failure, waste and death becomes an object of attachment for its residents.

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