Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-09T13:02:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Enzo Banti Bissoli.pdf: 2151691 bytes, checksum: 66e9630f1f674107c134a63fc4964f0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T13:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Enzo Banti Bissoli.pdf: 2151691 bytes, checksum: 66e9630f1f674107c134a63fc4964f0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research sought to provide an interface between Political Psychology and Behavior Analysis. To do so, a definition of Political Psychology and a presentation of its development regarding the areas from which it originates is proposed throughout the study. Considering that, for the emergence of Political Psychology to be feasible, besides the establishment of Psychology and Political Science as independent disciplines, it would be required discussions on the dimensions and political impacts of these sciences. Discussions have taken researchers in these areas to become interested in and suggest studies focused on Psycho-Political phenomena in broader contexts, not only regarding the scope of their disciplinary activities and their impacts on society. In a later stage, the main features of the Behavior Analysis will be presented. They would imply the possibility of an interface with Political Psychology, as well as the contributions and theoretical dialogues of James G. Holland, author of the Behavior Analysis (Holland 1971; 1974/2016; 1975a; 1975b; 1976; 1977; 1978a; 1978b; 1980, 2016), which have contributed to the discussions of the political dimensions of Behavior Analysis, as well as to the development of research interests and possibilities for the study of socio-political phenomena in this area. This paper also analyzes the productions of three Behavior Analysis journals focused on social and political issues as follows: Behaviorist for Social Action Journal, Behavior and Social Action and Behavior and Social Issues. Finally, we sought to consider characteristics of Behavior Analysis and its historic development, which allow us to support it as one of the possible approaches for Political Psychology studies / Esta pesquisa procurou estabelecer uma interface entre a Psicologia Política e a Análise do Comportamento. Para isso, ao longo do estudo foram propostas: uma definição da Psicologia Política e uma apresentação de seu desenvolvimento com relação às áreas a partir das quais se origina. Considerando que, para que fosse possível o surgimento da Psicologia Política, seria necessário, além do estabelecimento da Psicologia e da Ciência Política enquanto disciplinas independentes, as discussões das dimensões e os impactos políticos dessas ciências. Discussões que levaram pesquisadores dessas áreas a se interessarem e proporem estudos voltados a fenômenos psicopolíticos em contextos mais amplos que não só no âmbito das atividades de suas disciplinas e seus impactos na sociedade. Em momento posterior são apresentadas as característica principais da Análise do Comportamento, que implicariam na possibilidade de uma interface com a Psicologia Política, bem como as contribuições e diálogos teóricos do autor da Análise do Comportamento, James G. Holland (Holland 1971, 1974/2016, 1975a, 1975b, 1976, 1977, 1978a, 1978b, 1980, 2016), que contribuíram para as discussões das dimensões políticas da Análise do Comportamento e o desenvolvimento dos interesses e possibilidades de pesquisa para estudo de fenômenos sociopolíticos dessa área. Além disso, também são analisadas as produções de três revistas da Análise do Comportamento voltadas a questões sociais e políticas, que são: Behaviorist for Social Action Journal, Behavior Analysis and Social Action e Behavior and Social Issues. Por fim, buscou-se considerar as características da Análise do Comportamento e seu desenvolvimento histórico, que nos permite defendê-la como uma das possíveis abordagens para estudos em Psicologia Política

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-14T12:36:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cainã Teixeira Gomes.pdf: 2100379 bytes, checksum: 3bd2436b6704d8926cb1b1cffbf580fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cainã Teixeira Gomes.pdf: 2100379 bytes, checksum: 3bd2436b6704d8926cb1b1cffbf580fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Since he was coined by Skinner (1963), the term "rule-governed behavior" has been the subject of debate on how it should be conveniently defined and studied experimentally. Throughout five experiments, the pertinence of the RFT (Relational Frame Theory) proposal was evaluated, which proposes that the critical operant for rule-following is the arbitrarily applicable relational responding. For this, a multiple-exemplar training was done in a matching-to-sample task with one of two contextual stimuli, whose purpose was to assign a contextual cue function to these two stimuli for the same and opposite relational response. Then, it was trained and tested derived rule-following, under the control of a rule composed of a novel stimulus, a contextual cue of same or opposite, and a conditional stimulus whose function was directly established. Finally, there was a phase in which the participants had to respond to these rules depending on the presence of one of the two stimuli, and in the presence of one, the rule was reinforced and in the presence of the other, any other response was reinforced. The objective of this last phase was to establish antecedent control of the follow-up derived from rules. In Experiment 1, it was shown that it is possible to train, and test derived rule-following with cues of same and opposite and that seven of eight participants were able to establish antecedent control of this operant. In Experiments 2 and 3, it was found that the training that established the contextual cues that facilitated derived rule-following and antecedent control was achieved through the relational training with the words "is equal to" and "is the opposite of" (relational training used in Experiment 3), in relation to the use of words without relational training and in relation to the use of meaningless syllables in the training (relational training used in Experiment 2). In Experiment 4, we tested the assumption that performance in the first three experiments had pre-experimentally established relationships of bigger-than/smaller-than comparison between members of two relational relay networks (composed of keyboard numbers). For this, in the training phase and rule-following test, the pressure responses of one of the eight keys were replaced by responses of selecting one of eight randomly arranged senseless images. Two phases were added in this experiment: non-arbitrary relational training of comparison (with the same structure as the training of equality and opposition), aimed at establishing the tips of bigger-than/smaller-than; and the arbitrary relational training, which aimed to establish two relational networks of comparison with four stimuli each. The results showed that the hypothesis was correct, since the performances of the participants in the experiment were functionally equivalent to those observed in the first experiments. To control the effects of pre-experimentally learned relations, Experiment 5 was designed to assess whether arbitrary relational training of same and opposite was critical to the performance observed in the four previous experiments. The results showed that it didn’t. It is concluded that the relational responding could be a relevant operant for learning what has traditionally been called rule-governed behavior / Desde que foi cunhado por Skinner (1963), o termo “comportamento governado por regras” tem sido alvo de debates sobre como ele deveria ser convenientemente definido e estudado experimentalmente. Ao longo de cinco experimentos, foi avaliada a pertinência da proposta da RFT (Relational Frame Theory), que propõe que o operante crítico para a aprendizagem do seguimento de regras é o responder relacional arbitrariamente aplicável. Para tanto, foi feito um treino de múltiplos exemplares em uma tarefa de matching-to-sample com um de dois estímulos contextuais, cujo objetivo era atribuir função de dica contextual a esses dois estímulos para as respostas de responder relacional por igualdade ou oposição. Em seguida, foi treinado e testado o seguimento derivado de regras diante de estímulos novos, sob controle de uma regra composta por um estímulo novo, uma dica contextual de igualdade ou oposição e um estímulo condicional cuja função foi diretamente estabelecida. Por fim, havia uma fase na qual os participantes tinham que responder a essas regras a depender da presença de um dos dois estímulos, sendo que na presença de um deles, o seguimento da regra era reforçado e na presença do outro, qualquer outra resposta era reforçada. O objetivo desta última fase era estabelecer controle antecedente do seguimento derivado de regras. No Experimento 1, mostrou-se que é possível treinar e testar seguimento derivado de regras com dicas de igualdade e oposição e que sete de oito participantes conseguiram estabelecer controle antecedente desse operante. Nos Experimentos 2 e 3, verificou-se que o treino que estabeleceu as dicas contextuais que mais facilitaram o seguimento derivado de regras e seu controle antecedente foi o treino relacional com as palavras “é igual a” e “é o oposto de” (treino relacional empregado no Experimento 3), em relação ao emprego das palavras sem o treino relacional e em relação ao uso de sílabas sem sentido no treino (treino relacional empregado no Experimento 2). No Experimento 4, testou-se a suposição de que o desempenho nos três primeiros experimentos contava com relações pré-experimentalmente estabelecidas de comparação maior/menor entre os membros de duas redes relacionais de estímulos (compostas por números do teclado). Para isso, na fase de treino e teste de seguimento de regras, as respostas de pressão de uma das oito teclas foram substituídas por respostas de selecionar uma de oito imagens sem sentido dispostas aleatoriamente. Foram acrescidas duas fases neste experimento: treino relacional não arbitrário de comparação (com a mesma estrutura que o treino de igualdade e oposição), que visava estabelecer as dicas de maior/menor; e o treino relacional arbitrário, que visava estabelecer duas redes relacionais de comparação com quatro estímulos cada uma. Os resultados mostraram que a suposição estava correta, uma vez que os desempenhos dos participantes no experimento foram funcionalmente equivalentes aos observados nos primeiros experimentos. Ainda com o objetivo de controlar os efeitos de relações pré-experimentalmente aprendidas, foi feito o Experimento 5 para avaliar se o treino relacional arbitrário de igualdade e oposição foi crítico para o desempenho observado nos quatro experimentos anteriores. Os resultados mostraram que não. Conclui-se que o responder relacional pode ser um operante relevante para a aprendizagem do que se tem chamado, tradicionalmente, de comportamento governado por regras

A Computação Ciente de Contexto permite a obtenção e utilização de informações de contexto adquiridas de dispositivos computacionais no ambiente, com o objetivo de prover serviços; esta dinâmica aliada à evolução das redes de computadores vem provocando profundas modificações nos aspectos sociais e comportamentais das pessoas, uma vez que gradativamente têm necessidade de viverem imersas na tecnologia e integradas ao ambiente, com transparência e mobilidade, e de tal forma que as aplicações de software se adaptam ao comportamento das pessoas e nas informações de contexto capturadas do ambiente. Um dos desafios desta interação ser humano - ambiente - tecnologia - ubiqüidade é garantir a segurança. Como principal inovação e contribuição, esta tese propõe um mecanismo de autenticação contínua de usuários que faz uso de informações de contexto do ambiente, da análise do comportamento do usuário, da biometria facial, das teorias comportamentais de Skinner e da Confiança Matemática da Teoria das Evidências de Dempster-Shafer, para compor uma política de segurança adaptativa e um Sistema de Autenticação Contínua de Usuários Conhecidos - KUCAS (Known User Continuous Authentication System), que estabelece níveis de confiança para autenticar o usuário através da análise do comportamento dele em um ambiente ou domínio específico nas redes de computadores, num determinado período de tempo. A dinâmica de gerenciamento incluso nesse sistema compara o comportamento atual com o histórico de comportamentos anteriores do usuário e com as restrições de atribuição de confiança; caso haja indícios de mudanças no comportamento do usuário, aciona por meio de sensores, a Tecnologia de Reconhecimento Facial Tridimensional (3D), que captura a imagem da face do usuário, validando-a e armazenando-a nos bancos de dados de imagens; havendo incertezas e divergências, mecanismos de segurança e sinais de alerta são acionados. O Sistema KUCAS proposto possui uma infra-estrutura de um framework F-KUCAS, um Módulo de Segurança S-KUCAS e um Algoritmo de Autenticação A-KUCAS. / Context-aware Computing allows to obtain and use context informations acquired through devices in the environment, with the goal to provide services. This dynamics, allied to the computer networks evolution, has been provoking deep modifications in peoples social and behavior aspects, seeing that they have the necessity to live immersed in technology and integrated with the environment, with transparency and mobility, anywhere, anytime, so that the software applications adapt themselves to the persons behavior, based on the context information captured through the environment. One of the challenges of this human ? environment - technology ? ubiquity interaction is to provide security. As main innovation and contribution, this thesis presents an authentication mechanism of users which makes use of environmental context information, users behavior analysis, the face recognition technology, the behavior theories of Skinner and the Mathematical Confidence of the Theory of the Evidences of Dempster-Shafer, to compose an adaptative security policy and the Known User Continuous Authentication System (KUCAS) that establishes trust levels to authenticate the user by his behavior analysis in a specific domain of the computer networks, in a period of time. The dynamics of enclosed management in this system compares the current behavior with the users previous behaviors description and with the trust restrictions. In case of indications of changes in the users behavior, the 3D Technology Face Recognition is set in motion by sensors, which capture the image of the users face, validating it and storing it in the data bases of images. If there are uncertainties and divergences, mechanisms of security and signals of alert are set in motion. The KUCAS System has an infrastructure of one framework F-KUCAS, a Security Module S-KUCAS and an Algorithm of Authentication A-KUCAS.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle comportemental de l’être humain pour la simulation d’évacuation de bâtiment en cas d’incendie et de l’intégrer dans un outil de simulation d’évacuation de bâtiment. Le modèle proposé représente une approche individu-centré du comportement et répond aux axiomes de la Rationalité Limitée énoncés par Herbert Simon grâce à une conception hiérarchique des moyens cognitifs des agents simulés. L’implémentation du modèle du comportement présente la particularité d’être intégralement réalisée en GPU (via OpenGL 2.0). Ainsi la fréquence du moteur de comportement est très proche de celle du simulateur et permet une adaptation quasi temps réel des comportements des agents à un changement de perception de leur environnement. Le logiciel d’évacuation développé permet :– l’importation de scénario d’incendie de bâtiment simulé grâce au logiciel FDS,– la configuration des archétypes de comportement des agents évacuant, notamment :– la description des hypothèses sur le monde (connaissance individuelle),– la configuration des comportements des agents (moyens cognitifs individuels).– le positionnement des agents dans le bâtiment,– la simulation de l’évacuation,– l’enregistrement et le play-back d’un scénario d’évacuation.Les contraintes (feu, fumée, obstacles, autres agents) captées par un agent sont interprétées par ce dernier en fonction de son archétype de comportement afin de déterminer si sa stratégie d’évacuation doit être remise en cause. / The main objective of this thesis is to propose a behavioral model of the human being in presence of several constraints and to integrate it into a simulation tool for building egress. The proposed model represents an individual-based approach of behavior modelisation and implement axioms of the bounded rationality set by Herbert Simon providing two key features :– individual prioritization and parametisation of cognitivemeans,– individual perception and knowledgemanagement.The proposed software has the particularity to run entirely on GPU via OpenGL 2.0. Thus the frequency of the behavior engine is very near to that of the simulator and allow adaptation of near real-time behavior of agents in a changing perception of their environment.

A Computação Ciente de Contexto permite a obtenção e utilização de informações de contexto adquiridas de dispositivos computacionais no ambiente, com o objetivo de prover serviços; esta dinâmica aliada à evolução das redes de computadores vem provocando profundas modificações nos aspectos sociais e comportamentais das pessoas, uma vez que gradativamente têm necessidade de viverem imersas na tecnologia e integradas ao ambiente, com transparência e mobilidade, e de tal forma que as aplicações de software se adaptam ao comportamento das pessoas e nas informações de contexto capturadas do ambiente. Um dos desafios desta interação ser humano - ambiente - tecnologia - ubiqüidade é garantir a segurança. Como principal inovação e contribuição, esta tese propõe um mecanismo de autenticação contínua de usuários que faz uso de informações de contexto do ambiente, da análise do comportamento do usuário, da biometria facial, das teorias comportamentais de Skinner e da Confiança Matemática da Teoria das Evidências de Dempster-Shafer, para compor uma política de segurança adaptativa e um Sistema de Autenticação Contínua de Usuários Conhecidos - KUCAS (Known User Continuous Authentication System), que estabelece níveis de confiança para autenticar o usuário através da análise do comportamento dele em um ambiente ou domínio específico nas redes de computadores, num determinado período de tempo. A dinâmica de gerenciamento incluso nesse sistema compara o comportamento atual com o histórico de comportamentos anteriores do usuário e com as restrições de atribuição de confiança; caso haja indícios de mudanças no comportamento do usuário, aciona por meio de sensores, a Tecnologia de Reconhecimento Facial Tridimensional (3D), que captura a imagem da face do usuário, validando-a e armazenando-a nos bancos de dados de imagens; havendo incertezas e divergências, mecanismos de segurança e sinais de alerta são acionados. O Sistema KUCAS proposto possui uma infra-estrutura de um framework F-KUCAS, um Módulo de Segurança S-KUCAS e um Algoritmo de Autenticação A-KUCAS. / Context-aware Computing allows to obtain and use context informations acquired through devices in the environment, with the goal to provide services. This dynamics, allied to the computer networks evolution, has been provoking deep modifications in peoples social and behavior aspects, seeing that they have the necessity to live immersed in technology and integrated with the environment, with transparency and mobility, anywhere, anytime, so that the software applications adapt themselves to the persons behavior, based on the context information captured through the environment. One of the challenges of this human ? environment - technology ? ubiquity interaction is to provide security. As main innovation and contribution, this thesis presents an authentication mechanism of users which makes use of environmental context information, users behavior analysis, the face recognition technology, the behavior theories of Skinner and the Mathematical Confidence of the Theory of the Evidences of Dempster-Shafer, to compose an adaptative security policy and the Known User Continuous Authentication System (KUCAS) that establishes trust levels to authenticate the user by his behavior analysis in a specific domain of the computer networks, in a period of time. The dynamics of enclosed management in this system compares the current behavior with the users previous behaviors description and with the trust restrictions. In case of indications of changes in the users behavior, the 3D Technology Face Recognition is set in motion by sensors, which capture the image of the users face, validating it and storing it in the data bases of images. If there are uncertainties and divergences, mechanisms of security and signals of alert are set in motion. The KUCAS System has an infrastructure of one framework F-KUCAS, a Security Module S-KUCAS and an Algorithm of Authentication A-KUCAS.

The digital footprints collected from the prevailing sensing systems provide novel ways to perceive an individual's behaviors. Furthermore, large collections of digital footprints from communities bring novel understandings of human behaviors from the community perspective (community behaviors), such as investigating their characteristics and learning the hidden human intelligence. The perception of human behaviors from the sensing digital footprints enables novel applications for the sensing systems. Bases on the digital footprints collected with accelerometer-embedded mobile phones and GPS equipped taxis, in this dissertation we present our work in recognizing individual behaviors, capturing community behaviors and demonstrating the novel services enabled. With the GPS footprints of a taxi, we summarize the individual anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and improve the recognition efficiency of the existing method iBOAT by introducing an inverted index mechanism. Besides, based on the observations in real life, we propose a method to detect the work-shifting events of an individual taxi. With real-life large-scale GPS traces of thousands of taxis, we investigate the anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and work shifting behaviors from the community perspective and exploit taxi serving strategies. We find that most anomaly behaviors are intentional detours and high detour inclination won't make taxis the top players. And the spatial-temporal distribution of work shifting events in the taxi community reveals their influences. While exploiting taxi serving strategies, we propose a novel method to find the initial intentions in passenger finding. Furthermore, we present a smart taxi system as an example to demonstrate the novel applications that are enabled by the perceived individual and community behaviors

This dissertation explores the questions: (l) how use of specific information and communication technologies (ICT) matters to youth, (2) how use of these ICT is experienced by youth and (3) how youth conceptualize their relations to ICT in their daily lives. It provides a networked perspective that emphasizes youth's experiences of ICT in contexts. This networked perspective focuses on the dynamic connections between adolescent development, societal change and technological innovations when understanding youth's ICT use. Such a perspective positions youth as nexus in online and offline relational networks. It recognizes youth as actors who experience intense emotions when using ICT and who learn skills to navigate and negotiate these networks. Simultaneously, it situates youth's experiences of ICT use as emergent from adolescent, societal and technological contexts and within continuous cultural change. Methodologically, this study draws on multi-sited ethnographic research practices (Marcus, 1998; 2005) as well as being guided by the notion of congruency between site, methodology, and phenomenon (Oberg, 2003). Data was primarily gathered through four interviews held with six youth aged 16-18, two focus groups, and the researcher's immersion over five years in the Computer Human Interaction Software Engineering Lab (CHISEL). Three themes of how ICT use matters to youth emerged: Fun, Convenience and Connections. These themes illuminate how ICT have multiple ways of mattering for young people within their unique life contexts, such as providing continued connections to peers after school and shifting spatial and temporal boundaries. Patterns of emotional experience emerged that encompassed simultaneous existence of contradictory emotions (e.g., stimulating and overwhelming) when engaged in a specific activity such as instant messaging. Examples of Self-ICT relations are: "We're immersed" and "I feel empty without it." These conceptualizations are linked to networked theories of self that constitute ICT as in relation to self. This dissertation concludes by applying a networked perspective to understanding youth's ICT use as well as stepping back in order to raise larger cultural questions. It argues for the importance of recognizing the complexities that shape human — ICT connections in order to assist youth in learning skills to negotiate their emergent sense of self successfully.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experience of front-line practitioners working with suicidal children and youth. Five front-line practitioners who had experienced working with children or youth who were suicidal participated in the semi-structured interviews. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed and summarized under the following three areas of experience: Participants' Descriptions of Working with Suicidal Children and Youth, Knowledge Valued by Participants' to Inform their Practice with Suicidal Children and Youth, and Participants' Physical and Emotional Responses to Suicidal Children and Youth. There were a total of sixteen emergent theme clusters. The themes related to the experience of practice with suicidal children and youth provided a rich context for understanding the nature of meaning of the suicidal behaviors for participants. The emergent themes relating to the knowledge valued by participants to guide their approach provided a specific understanding of the multiple sources of knowledge participants were drawing from in the encounters. The emergent themes relating to the physical and emotional responses participants experienced in relation to their encounters with a suicidal child or youth provided an awareness of the impact the encounters had on participants. The major findings included the participants' broad scope of knowledge they used to guide their approach, as well as that encounters with suicidal children and youth did evoke strong physical and emotional responses amongst participants. The study concludes by describing the implications of these findings for Child and Youth Care practice and for future directions in research.

The impact of transportation concerning older adults is under scrutiny as the number of older adults is expected to significantly increase in the coming years. The World Health Organization (WHO) spearheaded a world wide initiative that sought to examine what contributed to an “age-friendly community” in both developed and underdeveloped nations. This paper examines, in particular, the role that transportation plays in relation and contribution to an “age-friendly” community in Saanich, British Columbia, as an addition to the WHO initiative. Focus groups were conducted to ensure that information received was the lived experience of the individual. Results suggested that transportation was more than the ability to operate a vehicle, but in the ability to move safely within an environment. Additional information provided by participants spoke to the necessity of increasing awareness of licensing systems and improvements that could be implemented to ensure safety for older adult drivers and the community.

Is there a low-risk drinking level for youth? The likelihood of engaging in risk behaviors (e.g. drinking and driving) as a function of alcohol use was examined in 540 youth from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, age 16-23 (M=19.5; 245 Males, 294 females). Logistic regression revealed that both the frequency and quantity of alcohol use matter in terms of determining one’s risk. Quantity of consumption in excess of the recommended ≤2 drinks/occasion (CAMH guidelines) substantially increases ones risk of harm; as does consumption >once a week. However, for those consuming at low quantity (≤ 2 drinks/occasion) and low or moderate frequency levels (≤ once a week) the risk did not exceed that experienced by abstainers and may be considered “low-risk”. It is suggested that youth require a special set of drinking guidelines that focus on quantity consumed/occasion followed by clear limits on the number of drinking days (frequency).