More and more people are attempting to increase their human capital by increasing their qualifications. Post-graduate studies, according to many, is the way forward as it will enhance one‟s personal and professional prospects. This research project is intended to make a contribution to the field of education by looking at how a Masters degree affects the life values (the meaning and status attached to one‟s life) and prospects of individuals taking up post-graduate studies. It uses the tracer study methodology to create an impact in determining how the WITS Masters Programme has affected the post-graduate student in terms of life values. It specifically targets the Masters in Education degree at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) by tracing the lives of six graduates from the year 2002. The research is a qualitative tracer study that aims at establishing a relationship between what is studied and the effects this has on the lives of the graduates

We construct a new dataset of inequality in educational attainment by age and sex at the global level. The comparison of education inequality measures across age groups allows us to assess the effect of inter-generational education attainment trends on economic growth. Our results indicate that countries which are able to reduce the inequality of educational attainment of young cohorts over time tend to have higher growth rates of income per capita. This effect is additional to that implied by the accumulation of human capital and implies that policies aiming at providing broad-based access to schooling have returns in terms of economic growth that go beyond those achieved by increasing average educational attainment. / Series: WWWforEurope

[pt] A literatura teórica sugere que políticas de ação afirmativa podem aumentar ou reduzir os incentivos à acumulação de capital humano. Entretanto, não há evidência empírica sobre tal relação. Neste artigo, é avaliado como os sistemas de cotas instituidos por universidades públicas no Rio de Janeiro e na Bahia afetaram o desempenho dos alunos beneficiados no 3º ano do ensino médio utilizando a metodologia de diferenças em diferenças. A base de dados utilizada foi a do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB). Os resultados encontrados apontam para uma piora no desempenho de alguns grupos de alunos beneficiados, o que corrobora a existência de uma relação negativa entre ação afirmativa e incentivos à acumulação de capital. / [en] Economic theory suggests that affirmative action can either reduce or enhance incentives to human capital accumulation. Empirical evidence on this matter, however, is still lacking. Using difference in difference estimates, this paper evaluates the effects of the quota system in the admission to Brazilian public universities on the proficiency of senior high school students. The results show evidence that favored groups attained lower scores, corroborating the existence of a negative link between affirmative action and incentives for effort and skill acquisition.

Abstract Background: Female entrepreneurship in China is a practice which scholars have explored severally in recent years. Just as many Asian countries, the role of Chinese women has been undermined for a longer period. However, the 20 th century marked a positive turn in Chinese culture. The rate of discrimination and seclusion of women from economic empowerment started reducing significantly. Today, Chinese women are struggling to compete effectively with their male counterparts in entrepreneurial sector. The purpose of having women empowerment on the market economy is to generate more income to the country. Also, the practice lessens the rate of unemployment and high rate of dependency in China. Hence, it is apparent that the entrepreneurial actions in China are motivated by a number of factors that are presented in the paper. Purpose: The primary aim of the study is to determine influential and motivational factors for female entrepreneurs in China. Methods: The research has employed a qualitative research approach to determine influential factors and motivating aspects of female entrepreneurship in China. Random sampling tactic has been chosen as the methodology to discover data of women that have succeeded in the country. This approach can help to analyze a broader population of women entrepreneurs in China. Meanwhile, a semi-structured interview was involved in collecting data so that first-hand and unbiased information is obtained from interviewees. Findings: From the study of the influential factors and motivation for female entrepreneurs in China, it has been noted that the process of entrepreneurship among the current female entrepreneurs in the country can be categorized as either passive or initiative. While looking at the passive entrepreneurship among the female entrepreneurs, it is noted that those people are driven by the daily needs of their families. On the other hand, initiative entrepreneurship relies much more on human capital and social capital. The zeal and motivation that they possess lead them to developing far-sighted enterprises, hence contributing to the economic development of the country.

Thesis advisor: Martin Scanlan / This qualitative case study explored the role central office leaders played in recruiting, developing and retaining principal human capital in Lawrence Public Schools. One of the key strategies of central office transformation is the creation of assistance relationships with principals, which serves as the conceptual framework for this study. Data was gathered from interviews with central office leaders and principals as well as a document review. The results of the study found that central office leaders targeted principals with certain characteristics and recruited candidates from within and outside of the district. Central office leaders provided in-district professional development and engaged external organizations in the process. Work environment and a focus on cultivating local talent contributed to principal retention. Findings further indicated that the assistance relationships developed between central office leaders and principals contributed to principal development and retention through their impact on the work environment. Recommendations include continual examination of work environment and development of assistance relationships for their contribution to principal human capital. Future researchers may continue to contribute to the growing body of literature by examining these findings and offering a longitudinal view of this practice. This strand’s findings may provide insights into practices to recruit, develop and retain principals in low-performing districts. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Thesis advisor: Richard Arnott / This research examines the relationship between urban characteristics in 1990 and urban population growth between 1990 and 2000, primarily investigating the impact of creative and talented people on growth. Findings establish correlations between metropolitan statistical area (MSA) growth and natural and urban amenities. Urban growth in the 90's is positively correlated with dry, warmer weather and to the Bohemian index, a new measure of cultural amenities. This research produced results to suggest that creative capital or the Creative Class did not significantly impact urban growth in the 90's. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial do capital humano nos municípios Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, será usada uma metodologia de investigação composta de regressões que buscam explicar a variação do capital humano municipal com base em seu estoque inicial e em outras variáveis de controle. Os resultados mostram que as pessoas com ensino superior possuem uma tendência apenas moderada de divergência espacial, que se desfaz gradativamente à medida que adicionamos novas variáveis de controle. Por outro lado, as pessoas com ensino básico ou analfabetas apresentam evidências muito mais concretas de convergência espacial. Esse resultado vai contra a literatura internacional da área que sugere existência de concentração espacial nas pessoas com alto capital humano. / This paper investigates the spatial distribution of the human capital in the municipalities of the Brazilian state São Paulo. For that purpose, a methodology consisted by linear regressions that aims to explain the human capital variations using control variables and the initial stock of human capital will be used. The result shows that people with college degrees have a moderate trend of spatial divergence, which is gradually undone once we put new control variables in the regression. On the other side, people with basic education or no education at all present a more robust trend of spatial convergence. This result is not supported by the international evidence of the area, which shows the existence of a strong spatial divergence trend in the people with high human capital.

This thesis is composed of two essays on endogenous economic growth with human capital accumulation and heterogeneous agents. In both essays, we study the relationship between economic growth and the dynamics of inequality. In the first paper, entitled \"Private versus public education in a two-stage human capital model,\" we study the long-term impacts of different educational regimes on growth and inequality using a two-stage human capital accumulation model. The importance of accounting for educational stages is to recognize the hierarchical nature of education and its dynamic implications in the long-run. At each educational stage, basic or advanced, funding may either be public or private. The second paper, entitled \"The Lucas model under heterogeneous agents,\" studies the pattern of distributional dynamics on an economic growth model with human capital accumulation. We explore the implicit properties of the dynamics of inequality in a simplified form of the Lucas (1988) model, in which agents differ in their initial endowments of human capital. / Esta tese é composta por dois ensaios em crescimento econômico endógeno com acumulação de capital humano e agentes heterogêneos. Nos dois ensaios, estudamos a relação entre o crescimento econômico e a dinâmica da desigualdade. No primeiro ensaio, intitulado \"Private versus public education in a two-stage human capital model \", estudamos os impactos de longo prazo de diferentes regimes educacionais sobre o crescimento e desigualdade, usando um modelo com acumulação de capital humano em dois estágios. A importância de considerar os estágios educacionais está em reconhecer a natureza hierárquica da educação e suas implicações dinâmicas no longo-prazo. Em cada estágio educacional, básico ou avançado, o financiamento da educação pode ser privado ou público. O segundo artigo, intitulado \"The Lucas model under heterogeneous agents\", estuda o padrão das dinâmicas distribucionais em um modelo de crescimento econômico com acumulação de capital humano. Nesse artigo, estudamos as propriedades da dinâmica da desigualdade implícitas em uma versão simplificada do modelo de Lucas (1988). Para isso, consideramos que os agentes diferem em suas dotações iniciais de capital humano.

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La thèse traite le sujet de la formation du capital humain en Europe au niveau régional et ses implications sur la croissance économique. Elle est caractérisée par son approche à la fois régionale, à long terme et européenne. A cet effet, je me réfère à la Théorie de la Croissance Unifiée et à la Nouvelle Economie Géographique qui sont les contributions théoriques les plus importantes dans le domaine et je construis une nouvelle grande base de données sur la formation du capital humain et d’autres facteurs à partir de nombreuses sources diverses. Pour les analyses empiriques, des méthodes spatiales et SIG ont été employées en plus des modèles économétriques standards. Ainsi, la thèse explore la formation du capital humain dans les régions du continent européen entre 1790 et 2010. Par ailleurs, elle souligne la relation entre les indicateurs du capital humain ainsi que les déterminants du capital humain et les implications du capital humain sur la croissance économique à long terme. / This thesis highlights the formation of human capital in the European regions and its implications for economic growth. It is characterised by its combined regional, long-term and European approach. To this end, I refer to Unified Growth Theory and New Economic Geography as the most important recent theoretical contributions and construct an unparalleled new and large database on regional human capital and other economic factors from numerous diverse sources. For the empirical analysis, spatial and GIS methods are employed in addition to standard econometric models. In this way, the thesis explores human capital formation in the regions of the European continent between 1790 and 2010. Moreover, it underlines the relationship between human capital proxies, the determinants of human capital and the long-run impact of human capital on economic growth.