Ce mémoire porte sur la deuxième génération issue de l’immigration, plus précisément sur ces Québécois dont les parents sont issus de l’immigration algérienne des années 90. Cette vague d’immigration offre un cadre légitime pour se pencher sur la deuxième génération, car les parents de ces Québécois ont immigré dans une temporalité et une géographie données, tout en provenant d’un même milieu social. Ce faisant, ces Québécois ont été socialisés à travers deux ensembles culturels, celui du Québec et celui de leurs parents. Ces deux ensembles peuvent sembler contradictoires ou en tension concernant les normes et les valeurs qui guident et encadrent la vie de ces derniers. Ce mémoire s’est donc intéressé à comprendre comment ces enfants, qui ont grandi au Québec, composent avec les attentes de leurs parents concernant le respect des valeurs et des traditions familiales et religieuses. Pour ce faire, nous allons explorer deux grandes thématiques. La première va se focaliser sur la relation de ces Québécois avec leur histoire familiale. La deuxième va se concentrer sur le positionnement de ces derniers vis-à-vis de différentes dynamiques familiales (école, religion et interdits). / This thesis investigates second-generation immigrants, more precisely the Quebecers whose parents are from Algerian immigration from the 90s. This wave of immigration offers a legitimate framework to examine the second generation, because the parents of these Quebecers immigrated in a given temporality and geography, while also coming from the same social background. Thus, these Quebecers were socialized through two cultural groups, that is, that of Quebec and that of their parents. These two groups may seem in contradiction or in tension regarding the social norms and values that guide and frame their lives. This thesis is therefore interested in understanding how this new generation, who grew up in Quebec, deal with their parents’ expectations regarding the respect of family and religious values and traditions. To do so, we will explore two main themes. The first one focuses on the relationship between these Quebecers and their family history. The second one focuses on the position held by these Quebecers regarding different family dynamics (school, religion, what is forbidden). / اخترت فى هذا البحث التحدث عن الجيل الثاني للهجرة من اصل جزائري في حقيقة الأمر سوف أحاول مناقشة بعض الامور التي تخص ابناء المهاجرين خلال فترة التسعينيات ‘’90’’هده الموجة من الهجرة المقننة تدفعنا الى الاهتمام بالجيل الثاني لهده الفئة وأعني بدلك أبناء الجيل الاول ومن البديهي والمعقول ان يكون اختلاف بين الاباء والابناء . عاشوا ظروفا مختلفة عن الابناء اللذين ازدادوا في (Québec)هدا الاختلاف يتجلى في بعض المجلات:جغرافيًا ،عادات و تقاليد وايضا الجانب الديني مما يجعلنا نلاحظ ان الجيل الثاني يعيش ثقافتين مختلفتين في نفس الوقت:الثقافة الجزائرية فى البيت بكل مكونتها الاجتماعية والدينية اضافة الى ما يعيشه الجيل الثاني في المجتمع الكبيكى وأقصد بدلك الشارع العام ،المدرسة و العمل ة،المناخ العام. فهدا الموضوع مركز على إبراز كيفية التعايش الجيل الثاني مع العادات ،التقاليد والتعامل الاجتماعية ،الثقافية والدينية داخل البيت وخارجه

This study is concerned with what is happening within a mentorship interaction between engineers aimed at knowledge transfer. The practice of knowledge transfer is contextualised within the knowledge economy that ideologically positions Western economies as knowledge holders and advanced, while positioning developing countries as knowledge deficient and backwards. The prevailing literature regards knowledge transfer as difficult to achieve and is primarily focused on factors that hinder its success, looking to causal relational factors between and within the participants, in particular the qualities of knowledge receivers. Constructing the relationship and the individuals engaged in knowledge transfer as problematic brings about certain types of relations between individuals and between groups. These bring into play the positioning of role players within knowledge transfer that is not neutral, creating asymmetrical power relations and impacting identity construction. Studies in knowledge transfer have examined the factors that inhibit successful knowledge transfer extensively and do not consider its discursive context or considerations of power relations. Based on the assumption that discourse produces social practices and individual identities within social, historical and cultural contexts, this study adopted a social constructionist perspective and suggests that the ways in which identities are constructed in a mentorship interaction affect how participants experience and make sense of their worlds, which has implications for the practice of knowledge transfer. Viewing power as embedded in relations, a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was conducted of discursive constructions generated from 17 interviews of participants engaged in a multinational knowledge transfer project between South African and Saudi Arabian engineers. The analysis showed that the construction of self and other does have an impact on knowledge transfer between Saudi Arabian and South African engineers. The multiple identity constructions of the participants within the knowledge transfer relationship were resourced from dominant discourses that reveal different meanings attributed to the participants’ mentorship experience and showed the systematic setting up of self and other within unequal power relations that favour the self. The study suggests that deeper consideration should be given to the effects of othering and power within social interactions between individuals located in divergent contexts such as those that characterise knowledge transfer. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Consulting Psychology)

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Sociala plattformar är på många sätt integrerat i människors liv. Sedan uppkomsten av de mest vanligt förekommande sociala plattformarna har sättet på vilket människor framställer sig själv genom dessa förändrats. Från att ha delat filterlösa vardagsbilder, har en stark kultur präglad av yta och perfektion kommit att karaktärisera innehållet på dessa plattformar. Denna kultur har dock visat sig påverka människor negativt, i form av ökad psykisk ohälsa och utseendefixering. Som en reaktion på detta efterfrågas därför mer transparens kring innehållet som publiceras. Utifrån denna bakgrund har denna uppsats haft som avsikt att undersöka hur människor framställer sig själva på plattformar där syftet är att skildra en autentisk verklighet. En fallstudie på den sociala plattformen BeReal har därför genomförts. Frågeställningen som studien ämnat att besvara är: Hur konstruerar människor sin identitet med hjälp av teknik vars uttalade syfte är att möjliggöra en autentisk framställning av jaget? För att besvara frågan har nio deltagare fått i uppgift att föra dagbok kring sitt användande av BeReal. Därefter har en uppföljande intervju gjorts med varje enskild deltagare. Empirin har analyserats utifrån Jean Baudrillards (1981) teoretiska ramverk Logic of Signification och även Social Network Affordances formulerade av Jeffrey Treem & Paul M. Leonardi (2013). Resultaten visar att användare lyfter fram önskvärda aktiviteter med syfte att framställa sig på ett visst sätt. Dessa aktiviteter står ofta högt i rang utifrån en kulturell och samhällelig kontext, vilket synliggörs genom Logic of Signification. Social Network Affordances synliggör på vilket sätt tekniken begränsar och möjliggör för användare att nyttja plattformen. Genom detta framkommer därför hur användare ibland kringgår de tekniska aspekterna med syfte att konstruera sig på ett önskvärt sätt. Därför mynnar resultatet ut i en diskussion kring att det tycks svårt att undkomma den polerade bild som präglar många sociala plattformar. En förklaring till detta kan vara att igenkänning i andra, snarare än autenticitet, är vad som ger bäst positivt utfall för identitetskonstruktionen. Ytterligare ett fynd, som går under namnet autenticitetsparadoxen, synliggör hur en autentisk framställning i vissa fall kan bidra till att människor mår ännu sämre. Detta grundar sig i att den ständiga jämförelsen med andra påverkar synen av jaget. / Social platforms are in many ways integrated into people's everyday lives. Since the emergence of the most common social platforms, the way in which people present themselves online has changed. From sharing unfiltered everyday images, a strong culture characterized by surface and perfection has come to influence the content of these platforms. However, this culture has shown to affect people negatively in the form of mental illness and an increased appearance fixation. As a response to this, more transparency is requested regarding the content of these platforms. Based on this background, this essay has investigated how people present themselves on platforms with the purpose to portray an authentic reality. A case study on the platform BeReal has therefore been carried out. The question that the study has intended to answer is: How do people construct their identity through technology whose stated purpose is to enable an authentic representation of the self? To answer the question, nine participants have been given the task of keeping a diary about their use of BeReal. A follow-up interview was then conducted with each participant. The empirical work has been analyzed based on Jean Baudrillard's (1981) theoretical framework Logic of Signification and also Social Network Affordances formulated by Jeffrey Treem & Paul M. Leonardi (2013). The results show that users highlight desirable activities with the aim of portraying themselves in a certain way. These activities are often highly ranked based on a cultural and societal context, which is made visible through the Logic of Signification. Social Network Affordances sheds light on the way in which technology limits and enables users to use the platform. This shows how users sometimes bypass the technical aspects with the aim of constructing themselves in a desirable way. Therefore, a discussion has been held about how it seems difficult to escape the polished image that characterizes many social platforms. An explanation for this could be that recognition in others, rather than authenticity, is what gives the best positive outcome for identity construction. Another finding, the authenticity paradox, highlights how an authentic presentation in some cases contributes to even more negative feelings. This is based on the fact that the constant comparison with others affects the view of the self.

[pt] A presente tese investiga o deslocamento forçado e a ressignificação de vida em narrativas de refugiadas venezuelanas, com formação universitária e ex-alunas do curso de Português para refugiados do PARES Caritas-RJ, lócus em que a pesquisadora atuou como professora voluntária. Os objetivos consistem em analisar as narrativas e indicar as motivações que essas participantes tiveram para deixar a Venezuela, as condições da travessia para o Brasil, a inserção na sociedade brasileira e o processo de ressignificação de suas vidas no Rio de Janeiro. A fundamentação teórica situa-se na análise de narrativas, na ordem micro e macro, em que são sinalizadas avaliações e construções identitárias de refugiadas venezuelanas, na interação com a pesquisadora, incluindo o uso de diálogo construído. A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa, através da observação participante, mediante realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas remotamente em plataforma de videoconferência. As entrevistas foram realizadas em Português, língua escolhida pelas participantes. Nas transcrições, foi necessário estabelecer convenções que destacassem a prosódia do Espanhol no uso do Português ao longo de todas as falas. As entrevistadas fazem o relato de suas trajetórias, sempre marcadas por contínuos recomeços que as obrigam a se ressignificarem emocional, identitária e profissionalmente, tanto na sociedade de acolhida quanto no país natal. Além de apontar para as dificuldades de comunicação nas interações com os brasileiros não falantes de Espanhol, as narrativas expõem a dificuldade das entrevistadas em relação à falta de assistência e de políticas públicas que mulheres em situação de refúgio enfrentam no Brasil, principalmente devido a este conjunto de vulnerabilidades: serem mulheres, refugiadas, latino-americanas, não-falantes do Português. Suas falas revelam, ainda, o doloroso percurso para o estabelecimento e a sobrevivência no Rio de Janeiro e a consequente, e forçada, ressignificação de vida no âmbito familiar, social e profissional. Os resultados da análise indicam que a principal razão de deslocamento do país de origem é, 7 sobretudo, de ordem social, econômica e política, agravada pela crise humanitária e pela violação dos direitos humanos na Venezuela. A pesquisa possibilitou, ainda, importantes reflexões sobre a necessidade de se pensar nos impactos desse deslocamento na sociedade brasileira, assim como na urgência de políticas governamentais voltadas para o acolhimento, a garantia de direitos e a reinserção social de vidas forçadamente deslocadas. / [en] The present thesis investigates forced displacement and life resignification in narratives of Venezuelan women refugees, undergraduate and former students of the Portuguese Course for Refugees at PARES Caritas-RJ, where the researcher worked as a volunteer teacher. The objectives consist in indicating in which motivations these women had to leave Venezuela, the conditions of the crossing to Brazil, how was their ways into Brazilian society and the resignification process of their lives in Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical foundation lies in the analysis of narratives, in the micro and macro-orders; in which assessments and identity constructions of Venezuelan women refugees are highlighted; in the interaction with the researcher; including the use of constructed dialogue. The methodology is qualitative and interpretive, through participative observation of semi-structured interviews, remotely recorded on a videoconference platform. All the interviews were held in Portuguese - language chosen by the participants. Conventions were necessary to be established to highlight the Spanish prosody in the use of Portuguese throughout all speeches. The interviewed reported their trajectories, always marked by continuous new beginnings that force them to resignify their identities as well as themselves emotionally and professionally, both in the welcoming society and in their native country. These narratives expose difficult communication during interactions with Brazilians who are not Spanish speakers, as the lack of assistance and public policies experienced in Brazil, mainly due to these vulnerabilities: as women, refugees, Latin American and non-Portuguese speakers. Their narratives also reveal the painful journey of settlement and survival in Rio de Janeiro, the consequent, and forced, life resignification in the family, social and professional contexts. The result of this analysis indicates that the main reason for displacement from the country of origin is, above all, social, economic and political, aggravated by the humanitarian crisis and the violation of human rights in Venezuela. The research also enabled important reflections about impacts of this displacement on Brazilian society, as well as the urgency of government policies aimed at welcoming, guaranteeing rights and social reintegration of forcibly displaced lives. / [es] La presente tesis investiga el desplazamiento forzado y la resignificación de la vida en narrativas de refugiadas venezolanas, con formación universitaria y exalumnas del Curso de Portugués para Refugiados de PARES Cáritas-RJ, locus en el que la investigadora actuó como profesora voluntaria. Los objetivos consisten en analizar las narrativas e indicar las motivaciones que tuvieron las participantes de la investigación para salir de Venezuela, las condiciones de la travesía hasta Brasil, la inserción en la sociedad brasileña y el proceso de resignificación de sus vidas en Río de Janeiro. El enfoque teórico-metodológico es el análisis de narrativas, de orden micro y macro, en que son indicadas evaluaciones y construcciones identitarias de refugiadas venezolanas, en la interacción con la investigadora, incluyendo el uso de diálogo construido. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo e interpretativo, a través de la observación participante, mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas de forma remota en una plataforma de videoconferencia. Las entrevistas fueron realizadas en portugués, idioma escogido por las participantes. En las transcripciones, fue necesario establecer convenciones que destacasen la prosodia del español en el uso del portugués, a lo largo de todos los discursos. Las entrevistadas relatan sus historias, siempre marcadas por continuos reinicios que las obligan a resignificarse en los campos emocional, identitario y profesional, tanto en la sociedad de acogida como en su país natal. Además de señalar las dificultades de comunicación en las interacciones con brasileños no hispanohablantes, las narrativas exponen las dificultades de las entrevistadas en relación con la falta de asistencia y de políticas públicas que enfrentan las mujeres en situación de refugio en Brasil, principalmente debido a este conjunto de vulnerabilidades: ser mujeres, refugiadas, latinoamericanas, no hablantes de portugués. Sus discursos también revelan el doloroso camino de implantación y supervivencia en Río de Janeiro y la consecuente y forzada resignificación de la vida en los ámbitos familiar, social y profesional. Los resultados del análisis indican que el principal motivo del desplazamiento del país 11 de origen es, sobre todo, social, económico y político, agravado por la crisis humanitaria y la violación de los derechos humanos en Venezuela. La investigación también permitió importantes reflexiones sobre la necesidad de pensar en los impactos de este desplazamiento en la sociedad brasileña, así como en la urgencia de políticas gubernamentales destinadas a acoger, garantizar los derechos y la reintegración social de las vidas desplazadas por la fuerza.