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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004. / Thesis Advisor(s): Barak Salmoni. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Les enseignants d’une école publique de Fortaleza (Nordeste du Brésil), accompagnés en cela par un groupe de recherche universitaire, tentent de mettre en acte le principe de l’inclusion scolaire généralisée à tous les enfants en difficulté ou en situation de handicap, tel qu’il est garanti par le cadre législatif brésilien en charge de la mise en oeuvre de la nouvelle politique scolaire énoncée en 1988 par la dernière Constitution Fédérale de ce pays. Dans un premier temps, à travers une rapide histoire de l’école publique et de l’éducation spécialisée au Brésil, ainsi que d’une révision de littérature détaillée sur l’inclusion, il s’agit de mettre en évidence la toile de fond sur laquelle se détache cette action de formation continue dans une perspective inclusive. Dans un second temps, en s’appuyant sur l’oeuvre de Michel Foucault et, complémentairement, sur les réflexions de certains sociologues (Weber, Bourdieu, etc.), une ethnographie de cet accompagnement pédagogique, durant plus de deux ans, va montrer combien une action de formation à visée inclusive constitue une stratégie politique et, par conséquent, n’échappe pas aux relations de domination qui se rencontre dans quelque type de formation que ce soit, y compris de type “traditionnel“ qui paraît, soudain, condamnable. Dans un troisième temps, il s’agit de montrer comment certains “régimes de vérité“, certaines techniques disciplinaires et “technologies de soi“, qui traversent cette formation continue, contribuent à la production d’une multiplicité de savoirs et d’effets de subjectivation qui vont permettre l’émergence de sujets particuliers, qui se définissent en fonction de ce qu’ils ont retiré de cette expérience et en fonction du positionnement qu’ils ont adopté vis-à-vis d’elle. / Monitored in their pedagogical activities by a group of University researchers, the teachers of a public school in Fortaleza try to practice the principle of a generalized school inclusion to all children with special needs, such as is guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In the first part of the study, through a brief account of both, the public school and special education in Brazil, as well as a careful bibliographical review about inclusion, it is presented the sociopolitical basis on which such an action of continuous formation for inclusion takes place. In the second part, based on the works of Michel Foucault and, complementarily, on the studies of classical sociologists (Weber, Bourdieu, etc.), an etnography of the pedagogical formation, which lasted more than two years, will show how a process of formation with the aim of inclusion constitutes in a political strategy. Therefore, it does not escape from the relations of domination that can be found in any other kind of the so-called “traditional” formation which, in the inclusion environment, is so condemned. In the third part, the study demonstrates how certain “regimes of truth”, disciplinary techniques, and “technologies of self”, which permeates all along the continuous formation, contribute to a production of multiple knowledge and effects of subjectivation that will allow the emergency of unique subjects that define themselves in function of what they took from that experience or in function of the positioning they adopted in regards to it.

Orientador: Lucila Scavone / Banca: Vera Lúcia Silveira Botta Ferrante / Banca: Eliana de Melo e Souza / Banca: Margareth Rago / Banca: Eleonora Menicucci de Oliveira / Resumo: A presença e participação das mulheres na construção das sociedades é fato. Essa participação, poré, tem sido pouco valorizada pela ciência em geral, desperbida por grande parte dos pesquisadores. Ao institucionalizar como modelo de participação a presença em organizações formais como partidos, sindicatos ou em exercício de mandatos parlamentares, em cargos nos executivos ou ainda pelo ato de voltar, a sociedade exclui as mulheres da sua concepção de sujeito político. Os estudos feministas vêm demonstrando o quanto esse equívoco tem sido penoso para o reconhecimento da cidadania feminina. Esses estudos incoporam categorias largamente discutidas por Bourdieu e Foucault como "conhecimento","verdade" "poder", "habitus" e "discurso", para explicar como estas interferem e estruturam as relações na sociedade...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The presence and participation of women in the construction of societies is a fact. That participation, however has been given little value by Science in general, beeping unnoticed by most researchers. Considering the presence in formal institutions such as political parties and syndicates or the exercise of parliamentary mandates or in the Executive positions, or even the mere act of voting as participation models, Science has been denying or simply omitting women's condition as political subjects. The feminist studies have demonstrated how much that mistake has been painful for the recognition of feminine citizenship. These studies include categories largely discussed by Bordieu and Foucalt, such as "knowledge", "truth", "power", "habitus" and "speech", in order to explain how these interfere and structure relatiosn the relations in society...(Complete abstract, click electrinic address below). / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Monitored in their pedagogical activities by a group of University researchers, the teachers of a public school in Fortaleza try to practice the principle of a generalized school inclusion to all children with special needs, such as is guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In the first part of the study, through a brief account of both, the public school and special education in Brazil, as well as a careful bibliographical review about inclusion, it is presented the sociopolitical basis on which such an action of continuous formation for inclusion takes place. In the second part, based on the works of Michel Foucault and, complementarily, on the studies of classical sociologists (Weber, Bourdieu, etc.), an etnography of the pedagogical formation, which lasted more than two years, will show how a process of formation with the aim of inclusion constitutes in a political strategy. Therefore, it does not escape from the relations of domination that can be found in any other kind of the so-called âtraditionalâ formation which, in the inclusion environment, is so condemned. In the third part, the study demonstrates how certain âregimes of truthâ, disciplinary techniques, and âtechnologies of selfâ, which permeates all along the continuous formation, contribute to a production of multiple knowledge and effects of subjectivation that will allow the emergency of unique subjects that define themselves in function of what they took from that experience or in function of the positioning they adopted in regards to it. / Os docentes de uma escola pÃblica de Fortaleza acompanhados em suas atividades pedagÃgicas por um grupo de pesquisa universitÃria, tentam colocar em prÃtica o princÃpio de inclusÃo escolar generalizada a todas as crianÃas em dificuldade ou com deficiÃncia, tal como à garantido pelo quadro legislativo brasileiro encarregado da execuÃÃo da nova polÃtica escolar enunciada em 1988 pela Ãltima ConstituiÃÃo Federal deste paÃs. Em um primeiro tempo, atravÃs duma rÃpida histÃria da escola pÃblica e da educaÃÃo especial no Brasil, assim como de uma cuidadosa revisÃo de literatura sobre a inclusÃo, trata-se de evidenciar o pano de fundo sociopolÃtico sobre o qual se destaca essa aÃÃo de formaÃÃo continua numa perspectiva inclusiva. Em um segundo tempo, apoiando-se sobre as obras de Michel Foucault e, complementarmente, sobre as reflexÃes de certos sociÃlogos (Weber, Bourdieu, ect.), uma etnografia desse acompanhamento pedagÃgico durante mais de dois anos, vai mostrar o quanto uma aÃÃo de formaÃÃo com vista inclusiva constitui uma estratÃgia polÃtica e, portanto, nÃo escapa Ãs relaÃÃes de dominaÃÃo que se encontra em qualquer outro tipo de formaÃÃo, inclusive de tipo âtradicionalâ e que parece, de repente, condenÃvel. Em um terceiro tempo, trata-se de mostrar como certos âregimes de verdadeâ, certas tÃcnicas disciplinares e âtecnologias do euâ, que atravessam essa formaÃÃo contÃnua, contribuam para a produÃÃo de uma multiplicidade de saberes e de efeitos de subjetivaÃÃo que vÃo permitir a emergÃncia de sujeitos particulares que se definem em funÃÃo do que eles retiraram dessa experiÃncia ou em funÃÃo do posicionamento que adotaram nela

This research (the first long-term ethnographic study of FOI in Britain) investigates concepts at the heart of FOI - transparency, trust, secrecy, truth, private, public, power and agency. Eighteen months participant observation fieldwork, alongside policy-makers, practitioners, and end-users facilitated in depth, study of the radical subject-object transformations that FOI requires, and the aesthetics that underpin it. The introduction of FOI entailed a 'culture change' - from a culture of secrecy to one of disclosure - driven, in Scotland, by the Scottish Information Commissioner through conferences. These were an opportunity for practitioners to come into new knowledge about the Act, their shared knowledge dissolving the divisions between them. But new divisions then opened between practitioners and colleagues; culture change being in the replication of a form of a relationship that previously lay between government and citizens. In their replicated form, individual practitioners disappeared - were made 'transparent' - only to reappear on being differentiated, leaving them acutely aware of the personal relations this fissure disclosed, and throwing into sharp question a theory of people's division as indicative of their 'secrecy'. Transparency, here, depended on whether people were divided or combined - acting in their own capacity, or that of the organization. While making personal relations absent from new disclosures was necessary for FOI compliance, this concealment hid a complex network of relations, and turned knowledge into 'information'. Yet the division between information and knowledge was not crisp: end-users continued to read practitioners' personal relations in disclosed information, thus relations were both absent from and implied in the information released. Whether information was public (and accessible) depended on the undifferentiated status of those who created, handled, or were the subjects of, information. As people came into new knowledge, invoking their divided or common footing, they alternated between appearing 'private' or 'public' - person or thing - a division between individuals reflecting a division within each of them.

Este estudo objetiva analisar materiais didático-digitais que acompanham livros de ensino de inglês para negócios, problematizando seus dizeres e as subjetividades produzidas para o aprendiz/futuro ou atual trabalhador do meio corporativo e sua relação com o discurso do neoliberalismo e o da globalização, os quais afetam de modo incisivo nosso momento contemporâneo. Pretendemos, sobretudo, desmistificar a representação do material pedagógico como um repositório de verdades científicas, livre de posicionamentos ideológicos, buscando promover uma atitude mais indagadora de professores e alunos frente aos materiais didáticos, em qualquer modalidade, impressos ou digitais. Interessa-nos investigar os imbricamentos discursivos, a noção de tecnologia implícita, a representação da língua inglesa e a variante do inglês sendo ensinada, dado que essas questões constituem os materiais analisados e incidem sobre as construções subjetivas. A hipótese que direciona este trabalho é a de que o discurso desses materiais digitais constrói subjetividades heterogêneas e contraditórias. Assim, o discurso que pretende inculcar um único modelo de sujeito apresenta fissuras que possibilitam momentos de resistência e de constituição de subjetividades não hegemônicas no mundo globalizado. Fundamentamos nossa análise nos conceitos da visão discursiva do sujeito (clivado e descentrado), formado no e pelo discurso (heterogêneo, polifônico, ideológico), perpassado por relações de poder (em que a resistência é constitutiva), aliando, portanto, nossa perspectiva discursiva às reflexões de Michel Foucault (1982, 1983, 1996a, 1997a, 1997b) acerca das relações de poder e saber, além da contribuição de Gilles Deleuze (1990a,b) sobre a sociedade de controle, na qual o poder é exercido de modo mais sutil e refinado, gerando uma modulação permanente do sujeito. Verificamos que o discurso pedagógico desses materiais digitais, formado a partir de dizeres hegemônicos dos discursos do neoliberalismo e da globalização, engendra um processo de subjetivação vigoroso, indicando ao sujeito como deve ser e agir no meio corporativo a fim de ser bem-sucedido. Por outro lado, esse mesmo discurso mostrou-se afetado por enunciados de práticas discursivas concorrentes, promovendo subjetividades contraditórias, mas não necessariamente em dissonância com os discursos hegemônicos. / This study aims at analyzing digital didactic materials which accompany books for teaching Business English, questioning their sayings and the subjectivities produced for the learner/future or present corporate worker and their relation to the discourses of neoliberalism and globalization, which deeply affect our contemporary moment. Most importantly, we intend to demystify the representation of the didactic material as a repository of scientific truths, free from ideological positionings, hoping to encourage teachers and students alike to be more questioning in relation to pedagogical materials, in any modality, printed or digital. We are interested in examining the articulation of discourses, the implicit notion of technology, the English language representation and the English variant that is being taught, since all these issues constitute the analyzed materials and affect the construction of subjectivities. The hypothesis which guides this work is that the discourse of these digital didactic materials constructs heterogeneous and contradictory subjectivities. Thus, the same discourse which intends to inculcate one model of subject presents ruptures which promote moments of resistance and the constitution of non-hegemonic subjectivities in the globalized world. We base our analysis on concepts of the discursive perspective, in which the subject (divided and decentered) is formed in and by discourse (heterogeneous, polyphonic, ideological), affected by power relations (in which resistance is implicit), adding to our discursive view Michel Foucaults (1982, 1983, 1996a, 1997a, 1997b) reflections about the relations between power and knowledge, besides Gilles Deleuzes (1990a,b) contribution on the society of control, in which power is exercised in a subtler and more refined way, generating a permanent modulation of the subject. We verified that the pedagogical discourse of these digital materials, formed by hegemonic sayings from the discourses of neoliberalism and globalization, engenders a vigorous process of subjectivation, indicating to the subject how he or she should be and act in the corporate environment in order to be successful. On the other hand, this same discourse revealed itself to be affected by enunciations from competing discursive practices, promoting contradictory subjectivities, but not necessarily out of tune with the hegemonic discourses.

Este estudo objetiva analisar materiais didático-digitais que acompanham livros de ensino de inglês para negócios, problematizando seus dizeres e as subjetividades produzidas para o aprendiz/futuro ou atual trabalhador do meio corporativo e sua relação com o discurso do neoliberalismo e o da globalização, os quais afetam de modo incisivo nosso momento contemporâneo. Pretendemos, sobretudo, desmistificar a representação do material pedagógico como um repositório de verdades científicas, livre de posicionamentos ideológicos, buscando promover uma atitude mais indagadora de professores e alunos frente aos materiais didáticos, em qualquer modalidade, impressos ou digitais. Interessa-nos investigar os imbricamentos discursivos, a noção de tecnologia implícita, a representação da língua inglesa e a variante do inglês sendo ensinada, dado que essas questões constituem os materiais analisados e incidem sobre as construções subjetivas. A hipótese que direciona este trabalho é a de que o discurso desses materiais digitais constrói subjetividades heterogêneas e contraditórias. Assim, o discurso que pretende inculcar um único modelo de sujeito apresenta fissuras que possibilitam momentos de resistência e de constituição de subjetividades não hegemônicas no mundo globalizado. Fundamentamos nossa análise nos conceitos da visão discursiva do sujeito (clivado e descentrado), formado no e pelo discurso (heterogêneo, polifônico, ideológico), perpassado por relações de poder (em que a resistência é constitutiva), aliando, portanto, nossa perspectiva discursiva às reflexões de Michel Foucault (1982, 1983, 1996a, 1997a, 1997b) acerca das relações de poder e saber, além da contribuição de Gilles Deleuze (1990a,b) sobre a sociedade de controle, na qual o poder é exercido de modo mais sutil e refinado, gerando uma modulação permanente do sujeito. Verificamos que o discurso pedagógico desses materiais digitais, formado a partir de dizeres hegemônicos dos discursos do neoliberalismo e da globalização, engendra um processo de subjetivação vigoroso, indicando ao sujeito como deve ser e agir no meio corporativo a fim de ser bem-sucedido. Por outro lado, esse mesmo discurso mostrou-se afetado por enunciados de práticas discursivas concorrentes, promovendo subjetividades contraditórias, mas não necessariamente em dissonância com os discursos hegemônicos. / This study aims at analyzing digital didactic materials which accompany books for teaching Business English, questioning their sayings and the subjectivities produced for the learner/future or present corporate worker and their relation to the discourses of neoliberalism and globalization, which deeply affect our contemporary moment. Most importantly, we intend to demystify the representation of the didactic material as a repository of scientific truths, free from ideological positionings, hoping to encourage teachers and students alike to be more questioning in relation to pedagogical materials, in any modality, printed or digital. We are interested in examining the articulation of discourses, the implicit notion of technology, the English language representation and the English variant that is being taught, since all these issues constitute the analyzed materials and affect the construction of subjectivities. The hypothesis which guides this work is that the discourse of these digital didactic materials constructs heterogeneous and contradictory subjectivities. Thus, the same discourse which intends to inculcate one model of subject presents ruptures which promote moments of resistance and the constitution of non-hegemonic subjectivities in the globalized world. We base our analysis on concepts of the discursive perspective, in which the subject (divided and decentered) is formed in and by discourse (heterogeneous, polyphonic, ideological), affected by power relations (in which resistance is implicit), adding to our discursive view Michel Foucaults (1982, 1983, 1996a, 1997a, 1997b) reflections about the relations between power and knowledge, besides Gilles Deleuzes (1990a,b) contribution on the society of control, in which power is exercised in a subtler and more refined way, generating a permanent modulation of the subject. We verified that the pedagogical discourse of these digital materials, formed by hegemonic sayings from the discourses of neoliberalism and globalization, engenders a vigorous process of subjectivation, indicating to the subject how he or she should be and act in the corporate environment in order to be successful. On the other hand, this same discourse revealed itself to be affected by enunciations from competing discursive practices, promoting contradictory subjectivities, but not necessarily out of tune with the hegemonic discourses.

<p>The polar ice in the Arctic is melting resulting in new opportunities for the Arctic states to extracting vital resources and to find new shorter transport routes. Two of the largest actors who both presently have published polices towards the Arctic region is the EU and the US. This work firstly aims to offer a descriptive view of the EU and the US’ polices towards the Arctic region. Secondly, investigate the documents quantitatively and qualitatively to show weather the EU and US policies are featured by ‘hard power’ or ‘soft power’ by the research of Joseph S. Nye Jr. to find out if Robert Kagan’s hypotheses that the EU mainly use ‘soft power’ and that the US mainly use ‘hard power’. The findings showed that Kagan in this case was right about the EU and the use of ‘soft power’ but that the US mainly uses ‘soft power’ politics in their Arctic policy.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_mm_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2189244 bytes, checksum: b95d1f8f5c08b7939bb2280a1d7251bc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presença e participação das mulheres na construção das sociedades é fato. Essa participação, poré, tem sido pouco valorizada pela ciência em geral, desperbida por grande parte dos pesquisadores. Ao institucionalizar como modelo de participação a presença em organizações formais como partidos, sindicatos ou em exercício de mandatos parlamentares, em cargos nos executivos ou ainda pelo ato de voltar, a sociedade exclui as mulheres da sua concepção de sujeito político. Os estudos feministas vêm demonstrando o quanto esse equívoco tem sido penoso para o reconhecimento da cidadania feminina. Esses estudos incoporam categorias largamente discutidas por Bourdieu e Foucault como conhecimento,verdade poder, habitus e discurso, para explicar como estas interferem e estruturam as relações na sociedade.... / The presence and participation of women in the construction of societies is a fact. That participation, however has been given little value by Science in general, beeping unnoticed by most researchers. Considering the presence in formal institutions such as political parties and syndicates or the exercise of parliamentary mandates or in the Executive positions, or even the mere act of voting as participation models, Science has been denying or simply omitting women's condition as political subjects. The feminist studies have demonstrated how much that mistake has been painful for the recognition of feminine citizenship. These studies include categories largely discussed by Bordieu and Foucalt, such as knowledge, truth, power, habitus and speech, in order to explain how these interfere and structure relatiosn the relations in society...(Complete abstract, click electrinic address below).