Due to developments in visual technology, teachers and students are exposed to an increasing number of images in their everyday life, which also finds its way into the classroom. This study aims to contribute to further understanding of how knowledge and positions are constructed in visual meetings in the classroom by problematizing the discursive practice of visual art education in upper secondary school.  The study investigates how art teachers construct positions when talking about their choices of images for teaching and what kind of knowledge thereby is constructed as valuable. The study also analyzes how art teachers and students construct positions in visual meetings in the classroom and what kind of knowledge thereby is constructed as valuable.   The study is theoretically framed by theories and concepts in visual culture and Foucauldian discourse analysis. The concept visual meetings refers to how art teachers and students interact and make meaning when using images that the art teachers have chosen. The perspective of discourse analysis involves that classroom interactions are seen as expressions of knowledge and power in general and of prevailing views on visual art education in particular.  Data production is carried out through ethnography, which involves interviews with two art teachers and observations of eleven lessons in visual art classes at two upper secondary schools.  The results show that a dominating overall school discourse regulates how the art teachers and students are constructed as active/adult/experienced and passive/child/unexperienced subjects. One of the classroom practices is shown to prioritize position and knowledge constructions related to production of aesthetically pleasing images. The other classroom practice is shown to prioritize position and knowledge constructions related to image interpretation in terms of understanding cultures and contexts. Both classroom practices also show that despite the art teachers’ stated intentions in constructing independent and critically examining positions for the students, looking practices are formed in the classrooms that do not allow such positions for the students to any great extent.  The study concludes that the dominating discourses in these two classroom practices reveal régimes of truth that regulate what kind of knowledge constructions that are valued within these two examples of visual art education.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse critique du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à domicile (home recording). Dans la foulée des propos mettant de l’avant l’ «accessibilité» et la «démocratisation» de l’enregistrement sonore, ce mémoire analyse les relations de savoir/pouvoir produites et légitimées par le discours, ce qu’elles permettent et contraignent, autorisent et excluent. Le corpus à l’étude est issu de la presse musicale ainsi que de forums de discussion en ligne relevant de sites spécialisés. Les méthodes utilisées sont inspirées de l’approche du discours développées par Michel Foucault et de ce que Johnson et. al. (2004) appellent l’interprétation critique. L’analyse met en évidence les deux principaux sujets du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à la maison : les professionnels de l’enregistrement et les «pros» de l’enregistrement à domicile, deux groupes constitués d’hommes financièrement aisés. Les règles qui régissent l’enregistrement à domicile semblent reprendre, en les adaptant, celles régissant les studios professionnels. Ce mémoire suggère que la «démocratisation» telle qu'énoncée dans ce discours articule l'«accessibilité contemporaine» à certains savoirs et certaines technologies à des exclusions singulières – comme des femmes et des personnes de moyens limités – qui rendent ce discours possible. Être dans le vrai, dans ce discours, c’est échanger, argumenter, discuter et prescrire des façons de faire et de dire qui font des studios professionnels l’espace des normes et des légitimités. Mots clés: enregistrement, musique, maison, domicile, studio, démocratisation, technologie, l'analyse du discours, relations de pouvoir/savoir, Michel Foucault. / This thesis proposes a critical analysis of the discourse of home recording. It aims to question home recording's will to truth by investigating what makes its statements possible, or what is the system of rules that authorize certain things to be said within the discourse. Driven by enunciations regarding home recording's "accessibility" and "democratization", this thesis analyzes the power/knowledge relations that have been produced and legitimized within the discourse, as well as what they enable and constrain, allow and exclude. Music magazines and Internet discussion forums form the corpus of this thesis. The methods used in this research are inspired by Michel Foucault's theory and method of discourse and by the approach known as critical interpretation (Johnson et al., 2004). This thesis' analysis shows that the government in home recording seems to be exerted by two main subjects: recording professionals and home recording "pros", who are overall characterized as well-off men. Moreover, the rules of home recording seem to be a replication and an adaptation to the home environment of the organizing principles of professional studios. This thesis suggests that "democratization" as enunciated and produced within and by the discourse of home recording articulates the discursive notion of a "contemporary accessibility" in terms of technology and knowledge to the exclusions – such as that of women and people of limited means – that make this discourse possible. These exclusions are legitimized through what is considered the "truth" within the discourse, as well as the norms and regulations established within it, which in turn follow the logic of the professional studio. Keywords: home, recording, studios, democratization, technology, discourse analysis, power/knowledge relations, Michel Foucault.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse critique du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à domicile (home recording). Dans la foulée des propos mettant de l’avant l’ «accessibilité» et la «démocratisation» de l’enregistrement sonore, ce mémoire analyse les relations de savoir/pouvoir produites et légitimées par le discours, ce qu’elles permettent et contraignent, autorisent et excluent. Le corpus à l’étude est issu de la presse musicale ainsi que de forums de discussion en ligne relevant de sites spécialisés. Les méthodes utilisées sont inspirées de l’approche du discours développées par Michel Foucault et de ce que Johnson et. al. (2004) appellent l’interprétation critique. L’analyse met en évidence les deux principaux sujets du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à la maison : les professionnels de l’enregistrement et les «pros» de l’enregistrement à domicile, deux groupes constitués d’hommes financièrement aisés. Les règles qui régissent l’enregistrement à domicile semblent reprendre, en les adaptant, celles régissant les studios professionnels. Ce mémoire suggère que la «démocratisation» telle qu'énoncée dans ce discours articule l'«accessibilité contemporaine» à certains savoirs et certaines technologies à des exclusions singulières – comme des femmes et des personnes de moyens limités – qui rendent ce discours possible. Être dans le vrai, dans ce discours, c’est échanger, argumenter, discuter et prescrire des façons de faire et de dire qui font des studios professionnels l’espace des normes et des légitimités. Mots clés: enregistrement, musique, maison, domicile, studio, démocratisation, technologie, l'analyse du discours, relations de pouvoir/savoir, Michel Foucault. / This thesis proposes a critical analysis of the discourse of home recording. It aims to question home recording's will to truth by investigating what makes its statements possible, or what is the system of rules that authorize certain things to be said within the discourse. Driven by enunciations regarding home recording's "accessibility" and "democratization", this thesis analyzes the power/knowledge relations that have been produced and legitimized within the discourse, as well as what they enable and constrain, allow and exclude. Music magazines and Internet discussion forums form the corpus of this thesis. The methods used in this research are inspired by Michel Foucault's theory and method of discourse and by the approach known as critical interpretation (Johnson et al., 2004). This thesis' analysis shows that the government in home recording seems to be exerted by two main subjects: recording professionals and home recording "pros", who are overall characterized as well-off men. Moreover, the rules of home recording seem to be a replication and an adaptation to the home environment of the organizing principles of professional studios. This thesis suggests that "democratization" as enunciated and produced within and by the discourse of home recording articulates the discursive notion of a "contemporary accessibility" in terms of technology and knowledge to the exclusions – such as that of women and people of limited means – that make this discourse possible. These exclusions are legitimized through what is considered the "truth" within the discourse, as well as the norms and regulations established within it, which in turn follow the logic of the professional studio. Keywords: home, recording, studios, democratization, technology, discourse analysis, power/knowledge relations, Michel Foucault.

Especialmente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a língua inglesa alcançou o status de língua franca mundial e vem ocupando um espaço cada vez maior na vida dos sujeitos contemporâneos, independente de suas origens ou localização geográfica. A presença maciça desse idioma no contexto brasileiro em materiais didáticos, romances, dicionários, gramáticas, roupas, produtos de beleza, músicas, videoclipes, filmes, séries de TV, livros de bolso, revistas em quadrinhos, revistas de informação, alimentos, tecnologia, ciência, modelos de comportamento e de educação formal produzidos e/ou associados aos países anglófonos – especialmente Estados Unidos e Inglaterra − possibilita que seja possível se pensar na produção de um universo da língua inglesa. Tal ferramenta conceitual refere-se à amplitude dos domínios, das práticas e dos discursos colonizados por esse idioma. Com base numa perspectiva que vê a linguagem como constituinte da realidade e a educação como um processo que não se restringe às instituições determinadas para esse fim, mas se estende a uma série de outros lugares, defendo que o universo da língua inglesa, presente em nossas vidas nas mais diversas materialidades, apresenta-se enquanto um dos elementos-chave da constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Articulado numa lógica neoliberal de mercado, ele atravessa e constitui uma poderosa rede que produz determinadas formas de ser, estar, agir e pensar na contemporaneidade. Essa lógica está diretamente atrelada à transformação dos sujeitos em mercadorias, que são impelidos a consumir produtos, ideias, comportamentos, pessoas, empregos, códigos de conduta associados à ou forjados a partir dessa língua. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar o caráter imperativo do universo da língua inglesa na constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Utilizo como ferramentas teóricas os conceitos de identidade, subjetividade, neoliberalismo, capital humano, ambivalência, governo, dispositivo, Império, comodificação do sujeito para analisar o corpus selecionado para a presente pesquisa. Este compreende videoclipes de músicas em língua inglesa, relatórios do Conselho Britânico, sites desta instituição e de cursos de inglês on-line, projetos de lei antiestrangeirismos, reportagens sobre o Movimento Inglês como Língua Única (English Only Movement), reportagens e anúncios de jornais e revistas publicados no Brasil que envolvam a língua inglesa. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a abrangência e a hegemonia da língua inglesa como língua adicional. Eles confirmam que ela é uma poderosa linha de força do dispositivo neoliberal, articulada na produção de sujeitos consumistas, flexíveis, globalizados, que têm na mídia um dos principais locus de subjetivação. Esses sujeitos são comodificados e incitados a fazer investimentos constantes e infinitos em seu capital humano para se manterem atrativos e desejáveis. / Especially after the Great World War II, English has been considered a worldwide lingua franca and it has increasingly been playing a major role in people‟s live irrespective of their origins or where they are. The huge use of English words and expressions in textbooks, novels, dictionaries, grammars, fashion, beauty products, songs, videos, movies, TV series, pocketbooks, comic books, magazines, food, technology, science, behavior codes, and English-speaking countries educational models − mainly from the United States and England − makes it possible to think that an English language universe is taken place right in front of us. This concept refers to the wideness of its domain, practices, and discourses colonized in and through this language. Based on a perspective that sees language as part of our sense of reality construction and Education as a process that goes beyond traditional educational sets, I advocate that English language universe, which is part of our lives through many different materialities, is one of the key elements in the constitution of contemporary subjects. Linked up with neo-liberal market value rationality, it goes through and constitutes a powerful assemblage that produces specific ways of being, acting, and thinking at the present time. This rationality is directed to molding subjects into commodities prompted to consume goods, ideas, behavior codes, people, and jobs connected with or built through English. This work aims at problematizing the imperative of English language universe in the subjects‟ constitution. I use the concepts of identity, subjectivity, neo-liberalism, human capital, ambivalence, govern, apparatus, Empire, and commodification of subjects as theoretical tools in order to analyze the corpus selected for this research. It comprehends videos from songs in English, British Council reports and captures from its website as well as on-line English language schools, bills against foreign language use in Brazil, articles on the English Only Movement, as well as magazine and newspaper articles related to the English language. Results point out to English wideness and hegemony as an additional language in Brazil. They also confirm that this language helps to enhance and maintain neo-liberal apparatus, linked up with the production consumer, flexible, globalized subjects who have the media as the one of the main locus of subjectification. These subjects are commoditized and prompted to invest in their own human capital to keep themselves attractive and desirable.

Especialmente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a língua inglesa alcançou o status de língua franca mundial e vem ocupando um espaço cada vez maior na vida dos sujeitos contemporâneos, independente de suas origens ou localização geográfica. A presença maciça desse idioma no contexto brasileiro em materiais didáticos, romances, dicionários, gramáticas, roupas, produtos de beleza, músicas, videoclipes, filmes, séries de TV, livros de bolso, revistas em quadrinhos, revistas de informação, alimentos, tecnologia, ciência, modelos de comportamento e de educação formal produzidos e/ou associados aos países anglófonos – especialmente Estados Unidos e Inglaterra − possibilita que seja possível se pensar na produção de um universo da língua inglesa. Tal ferramenta conceitual refere-se à amplitude dos domínios, das práticas e dos discursos colonizados por esse idioma. Com base numa perspectiva que vê a linguagem como constituinte da realidade e a educação como um processo que não se restringe às instituições determinadas para esse fim, mas se estende a uma série de outros lugares, defendo que o universo da língua inglesa, presente em nossas vidas nas mais diversas materialidades, apresenta-se enquanto um dos elementos-chave da constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Articulado numa lógica neoliberal de mercado, ele atravessa e constitui uma poderosa rede que produz determinadas formas de ser, estar, agir e pensar na contemporaneidade. Essa lógica está diretamente atrelada à transformação dos sujeitos em mercadorias, que são impelidos a consumir produtos, ideias, comportamentos, pessoas, empregos, códigos de conduta associados à ou forjados a partir dessa língua. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar o caráter imperativo do universo da língua inglesa na constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Utilizo como ferramentas teóricas os conceitos de identidade, subjetividade, neoliberalismo, capital humano, ambivalência, governo, dispositivo, Império, comodificação do sujeito para analisar o corpus selecionado para a presente pesquisa. Este compreende videoclipes de músicas em língua inglesa, relatórios do Conselho Britânico, sites desta instituição e de cursos de inglês on-line, projetos de lei antiestrangeirismos, reportagens sobre o Movimento Inglês como Língua Única (English Only Movement), reportagens e anúncios de jornais e revistas publicados no Brasil que envolvam a língua inglesa. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a abrangência e a hegemonia da língua inglesa como língua adicional. Eles confirmam que ela é uma poderosa linha de força do dispositivo neoliberal, articulada na produção de sujeitos consumistas, flexíveis, globalizados, que têm na mídia um dos principais locus de subjetivação. Esses sujeitos são comodificados e incitados a fazer investimentos constantes e infinitos em seu capital humano para se manterem atrativos e desejáveis. / Especially after the Great World War II, English has been considered a worldwide lingua franca and it has increasingly been playing a major role in people‟s live irrespective of their origins or where they are. The huge use of English words and expressions in textbooks, novels, dictionaries, grammars, fashion, beauty products, songs, videos, movies, TV series, pocketbooks, comic books, magazines, food, technology, science, behavior codes, and English-speaking countries educational models − mainly from the United States and England − makes it possible to think that an English language universe is taken place right in front of us. This concept refers to the wideness of its domain, practices, and discourses colonized in and through this language. Based on a perspective that sees language as part of our sense of reality construction and Education as a process that goes beyond traditional educational sets, I advocate that English language universe, which is part of our lives through many different materialities, is one of the key elements in the constitution of contemporary subjects. Linked up with neo-liberal market value rationality, it goes through and constitutes a powerful assemblage that produces specific ways of being, acting, and thinking at the present time. This rationality is directed to molding subjects into commodities prompted to consume goods, ideas, behavior codes, people, and jobs connected with or built through English. This work aims at problematizing the imperative of English language universe in the subjects‟ constitution. I use the concepts of identity, subjectivity, neo-liberalism, human capital, ambivalence, govern, apparatus, Empire, and commodification of subjects as theoretical tools in order to analyze the corpus selected for this research. It comprehends videos from songs in English, British Council reports and captures from its website as well as on-line English language schools, bills against foreign language use in Brazil, articles on the English Only Movement, as well as magazine and newspaper articles related to the English language. Results point out to English wideness and hegemony as an additional language in Brazil. They also confirm that this language helps to enhance and maintain neo-liberal apparatus, linked up with the production consumer, flexible, globalized subjects who have the media as the one of the main locus of subjectification. These subjects are commoditized and prompted to invest in their own human capital to keep themselves attractive and desirable.

Especialmente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a língua inglesa alcançou o status de língua franca mundial e vem ocupando um espaço cada vez maior na vida dos sujeitos contemporâneos, independente de suas origens ou localização geográfica. A presença maciça desse idioma no contexto brasileiro em materiais didáticos, romances, dicionários, gramáticas, roupas, produtos de beleza, músicas, videoclipes, filmes, séries de TV, livros de bolso, revistas em quadrinhos, revistas de informação, alimentos, tecnologia, ciência, modelos de comportamento e de educação formal produzidos e/ou associados aos países anglófonos – especialmente Estados Unidos e Inglaterra − possibilita que seja possível se pensar na produção de um universo da língua inglesa. Tal ferramenta conceitual refere-se à amplitude dos domínios, das práticas e dos discursos colonizados por esse idioma. Com base numa perspectiva que vê a linguagem como constituinte da realidade e a educação como um processo que não se restringe às instituições determinadas para esse fim, mas se estende a uma série de outros lugares, defendo que o universo da língua inglesa, presente em nossas vidas nas mais diversas materialidades, apresenta-se enquanto um dos elementos-chave da constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Articulado numa lógica neoliberal de mercado, ele atravessa e constitui uma poderosa rede que produz determinadas formas de ser, estar, agir e pensar na contemporaneidade. Essa lógica está diretamente atrelada à transformação dos sujeitos em mercadorias, que são impelidos a consumir produtos, ideias, comportamentos, pessoas, empregos, códigos de conduta associados à ou forjados a partir dessa língua. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar o caráter imperativo do universo da língua inglesa na constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos. Utilizo como ferramentas teóricas os conceitos de identidade, subjetividade, neoliberalismo, capital humano, ambivalência, governo, dispositivo, Império, comodificação do sujeito para analisar o corpus selecionado para a presente pesquisa. Este compreende videoclipes de músicas em língua inglesa, relatórios do Conselho Britânico, sites desta instituição e de cursos de inglês on-line, projetos de lei antiestrangeirismos, reportagens sobre o Movimento Inglês como Língua Única (English Only Movement), reportagens e anúncios de jornais e revistas publicados no Brasil que envolvam a língua inglesa. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a abrangência e a hegemonia da língua inglesa como língua adicional. Eles confirmam que ela é uma poderosa linha de força do dispositivo neoliberal, articulada na produção de sujeitos consumistas, flexíveis, globalizados, que têm na mídia um dos principais locus de subjetivação. Esses sujeitos são comodificados e incitados a fazer investimentos constantes e infinitos em seu capital humano para se manterem atrativos e desejáveis. / Especially after the Great World War II, English has been considered a worldwide lingua franca and it has increasingly been playing a major role in people‟s live irrespective of their origins or where they are. The huge use of English words and expressions in textbooks, novels, dictionaries, grammars, fashion, beauty products, songs, videos, movies, TV series, pocketbooks, comic books, magazines, food, technology, science, behavior codes, and English-speaking countries educational models − mainly from the United States and England − makes it possible to think that an English language universe is taken place right in front of us. This concept refers to the wideness of its domain, practices, and discourses colonized in and through this language. Based on a perspective that sees language as part of our sense of reality construction and Education as a process that goes beyond traditional educational sets, I advocate that English language universe, which is part of our lives through many different materialities, is one of the key elements in the constitution of contemporary subjects. Linked up with neo-liberal market value rationality, it goes through and constitutes a powerful assemblage that produces specific ways of being, acting, and thinking at the present time. This rationality is directed to molding subjects into commodities prompted to consume goods, ideas, behavior codes, people, and jobs connected with or built through English. This work aims at problematizing the imperative of English language universe in the subjects‟ constitution. I use the concepts of identity, subjectivity, neo-liberalism, human capital, ambivalence, govern, apparatus, Empire, and commodification of subjects as theoretical tools in order to analyze the corpus selected for this research. It comprehends videos from songs in English, British Council reports and captures from its website as well as on-line English language schools, bills against foreign language use in Brazil, articles on the English Only Movement, as well as magazine and newspaper articles related to the English language. Results point out to English wideness and hegemony as an additional language in Brazil. They also confirm that this language helps to enhance and maintain neo-liberal apparatus, linked up with the production consumer, flexible, globalized subjects who have the media as the one of the main locus of subjectification. These subjects are commoditized and prompted to invest in their own human capital to keep themselves attractive and desirable.

The polar ice in the Arctic is melting resulting in new opportunities for the Arctic states to extracting vital resources and to find new shorter transport routes. Two of the largest actors who both presently have published polices towards the Arctic region is the EU and the US. This work firstly aims to offer a descriptive view of the EU and the US’ polices towards the Arctic region. Secondly, investigate the documents quantitatively and qualitatively to show weather the EU and US policies are featured by ‘hard power’ or ‘soft power’ by the research of Joseph S. Nye Jr. to find out if Robert Kagan’s hypotheses that the EU mainly use ‘soft power’ and that the US mainly use ‘hard power’. The findings showed that Kagan in this case was right about the EU and the use of ‘soft power’ but that the US mainly uses ‘soft power’ politics in their Arctic policy.

Russia and Iran have been subject to mutual influence since the reign of Shah Abbas I (1588-1629). For most of the time this relationship was not one of equals: since the early nineteenth century and lasting at least until 1946, Russia and then the USSR, in strong competition with Britain, had been gradually, and for the most part steadily, increasing its political, cultural and economic influence within Iran up to very high levels. Nevertheless, the history of Russian/Soviet-Iranian relations still remains understudied, particularly in English-language scholarship. One of the main reasons for this gap must be sought in the hampered access of Western researchers to Russian archives during the Soviet time, which made them draw on Russian-language literature, traditionally pre-occupied with the history of social movements, and with the mechanical retelling of political and economic processes. Thus the cultural and political ties of the two countries on institutional and individual levels (especially during the period surrounding 1917), the influence of Russia, and then of the USSR, on Iran and vice versa, in political, economic and cultural spheres through the activities of individuals, as well as the methods and tools used by the “Big Northern neighbour” during the execution of its foreign policy towards Iran did not receive proper attention, and thus lack detailed analysis. This research addresses the lack of detailed analysis of the power/knowledge nexus in relation to Russia’s Persian/Iranian Studies – the largest and most influential sub-domain within Russia’s Oriental Studies during the late Imperial and the early Soviet periods. The specific focus of this study is the involvement of Russian ‘civilian’ (academic) and ‘practical’ (military officers, diplomats, and missionaries) Persian Studies scholarship in Russian foreign policy towards Persia/Iran from the end of the nineteenth century up to 1941 – a period witnessing some of the most crucial events in the history of both countries. It is during this period that Persia/Iran was the pivot of Russia’s Eastern foreign policy but at the same time almost every significant development inside Russia as well as in her Western policies also had an immediate impact on this country – the state of affairs that ultimately culminated in the second Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941. My thesis is based on extensive research in eleven important political, military and academic archives of Russia and Georgia, which allowed me to consult a significant amount of hitherto unpublished, often still unprocessed and only recently declassified, primary sources. While engaging with notions such as Orientalism, my analysis aims at transcending Edward Said’s concept of a mere complicity of knowledge with imperial power. My theoretical approach builds on Michel Foucault’s conceptualisation of the interplay of power/knowledge relations, his notion of discourse, and his writings on the role of the intellectual. While demonstrating the full applicability of the Foucauldian model to the Russian case through the study of the power/knowledge nexus in late Imperial and early Soviet Russia’s Persian Studies, or Iranology, I focus on the activities of scholars and experts within their own professional domains and analyse what motivated them and how their own views, beliefs and intentions correlated with their work, how their activities were influenced by the hegemonic discourses within Russian society. I analyse the interaction of these intellectuals with state structures and their participation in the process of shaping and conducting foreign policy towards Iran, both as part of the Russian scholarly community as a whole and as individuals on the personal level. For the first time my work explores at such level of detail the specific institutional practices of Russia’s Oriental Studies, including the organisation of scholarly intelligence networks, the taking advantage of state power for the promotion of institutional interests, the profound engagement with Russia’s domestic and foreign policy discourses of the time, etc. In addition, the thesis presents a detailed assessment of the organisation of Iranology as a leading sub-domain within the broader scholarly field of Oriental Studies in the period from the end of the nineteenth century to 1941 and analyses the principles and mechanisms of its involvement in Russia’s foreign policy towards Persia/Iran.

LAVERGNE, Remi Fernand. A vontade de incluir: regime de verdade, recomposição das práticas e estratégias de apropriação a partir de um dispositivo de inclusão escolar em Fortaleza. 2009. 359f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-13T14:16:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Tese_RFLAVERGNE.pdf: 2453909 bytes, checksum: 52c10baf003c59001fc468371c78c4d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-17T12:39:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Tese_RFLAVERGNE.pdf: 2453909 bytes, checksum: 52c10baf003c59001fc468371c78c4d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-17T12:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Tese_RFLAVERGNE.pdf: 2453909 bytes, checksum: 52c10baf003c59001fc468371c78c4d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Monitored in their pedagogical activities by a group of University researchers, the teachers of a public school in Fortaleza try to practice the principle of a generalized school inclusion to all children with special needs, such as is guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In the first part of the study, through a brief account of both, the public school and special education in Brazil, as well as a careful bibliographical review about inclusion, it is presented the sociopolitical basis on which such an action of continuous formation for inclusion takes place. In the second part, based on the works of Michel Foucault and, complementarily, on the studies of classical sociologists (Weber, Bourdieu, etc.), an etnography of the pedagogical formation, which lasted more than two years, will show how a process of formation with the aim of inclusion constitutes in a political strategy. Therefore, it does not escape from the relations of domination that can be found in any other kind of the so-called “traditional” formation which, in the inclusion environment, is so condemned. In the third part, the study demonstrates how certain “regimes of truth”, disciplinary techniques, and “technologies of self”, which permeates all along the continuous formation, contribute to a production of multiple knowledge and effects of subjectivation that will allow the emergency of unique subjects that define themselves in function of what they took from that experience or in function of the positioning they adopted in regards to it. / Os docentes de uma escola pública de Fortaleza acompanhados em suas atividades pedagógicas por um grupo de pesquisa universitária, tentam colocar em prática o princípio de inclusão escolar generalizada a todas as crianças em dificuldade ou com deficiência, tal como é garantido pelo quadro legislativo brasileiro encarregado da execução da nova política escolar enunciada em 1988 pela última Constituição Federal deste país. Em um primeiro tempo, através duma rápida história da escola pública e da educação especial no Brasil, assim como de uma cuidadosa revisão de literatura sobre a inclusão, trata-se de evidenciar o pano de fundo sociopolítico sobre o qual se destaca essa ação de formação continua numa perspectiva inclusiva. Em um segundo tempo, apoiando-se sobre as obras de Michel Foucault e, complementarmente, sobre as reflexões de certos sociólogos (Weber, Bourdieu, ect.), uma etnografia desse acompanhamento pedagógico durante mais de dois anos, vai mostrar o quanto uma ação de formação com vista inclusiva constitui uma estratégia política e, portanto, não escapa às relações de dominação que se encontra em qualquer outro tipo de formação, inclusive de tipo “tradicional“ e que parece, de repente, condenável. Em um terceiro tempo, trata-se de mostrar como certos “regimes de verdade“, certas técnicas disciplinares e “tecnologias do eu“, que atravessam essa formação contínua, contribuam para a produção de uma multiplicidade de saberes e de efeitos de subjetivação que vão permitir a emergência de sujeitos particulares que se definem em função do que eles retiraram dessa experiência ou em função do posicionamento que adotaram nela.

This study is concerned with what is happening within a mentorship interaction between engineers aimed at knowledge transfer. The practice of knowledge transfer is contextualised within the knowledge economy that ideologically positions Western economies as knowledge holders and advanced, while positioning developing countries as knowledge deficient and backwards. The prevailing literature regards knowledge transfer as difficult to achieve and is primarily focused on factors that hinder its success, looking to causal relational factors between and within the participants, in particular the qualities of knowledge receivers. Constructing the relationship and the individuals engaged in knowledge transfer as problematic brings about certain types of relations between individuals and between groups. These bring into play the positioning of role players within knowledge transfer that is not neutral, creating asymmetrical power relations and impacting identity construction. Studies in knowledge transfer have examined the factors that inhibit successful knowledge transfer extensively and do not consider its discursive context or considerations of power relations. Based on the assumption that discourse produces social practices and individual identities within social, historical and cultural contexts, this study adopted a social constructionist perspective and suggests that the ways in which identities are constructed in a mentorship interaction affect how participants experience and make sense of their worlds, which has implications for the practice of knowledge transfer. Viewing power as embedded in relations, a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was conducted of discursive constructions generated from 17 interviews of participants engaged in a multinational knowledge transfer project between South African and Saudi Arabian engineers. The analysis showed that the construction of self and other does have an impact on knowledge transfer between Saudi Arabian and South African engineers. The multiple identity constructions of the participants within the knowledge transfer relationship were resourced from dominant discourses that reveal different meanings attributed to the participants’ mentorship experience and showed the systematic setting up of self and other within unequal power relations that favour the self. The study suggests that deeper consideration should be given to the effects of othering and power within social interactions between individuals located in divergent contexts such as those that characterise knowledge transfer. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Consulting Psychology)