Bakgrund: Allt fler arbetsgivare inför individbaserad lönesättning för att kunna attrahera, knyta an och utveckla rätt kompetens och därigenom hantera de alltmer komplexa produktionsprocesserna och den växande konkurrenssituationen. Individuell lönesättning antas stimulera medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation vilket i sin tur bidrar till ökad arbetsprestation och förbättrat resultat för företaget. Systemet förutsätter dock att medarbetarna upplever lönesättningen som rättvis för att den individbaserade lönen ska få den avsedda effekten. Motivation och rättvisa är emellertid subjektivt, inrymmer flera element och tenderar ge lönen en relativ betydelse vilket gör utformningen av ett individbaserat lönesystem komplext. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera förhållningssätt hos aktörerna: företag, fack och medarbetare gällande individuell lönesättning, rättvisa och motivation. För att därigenom kunna jämföra och koppla samman aktörernas förhållningssätt och peka ut faktorer som kan främja arbetet med att utforma ett lönesättningssystem med inslag av individbaserad lönesättning som ska fungera motiverande, upplevas rättvis och bidra till ökad prestation. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer, enkäter samt analys av sekundärdata. Studien har ett fallföretag som utgångspunkt där informanter och respondenter har utgjorts av representanter från fack och företag samt anställda inom företaget. Datainsamlingsmetoderna och datainsamlingskällorna hanterades genom triangulering. Slutsatser: Studien visar att alla aktörer har ett positivt förhållningssätt till individbaserad lönesättning samt att det finns ett flertal gemensamma nämnare aktörerna emellan. Bland annat tycker alla aktörer att kompetens ska utgöra den främsta bedömningsgrunden, att högre lön är motiverande samt att ett transparent och tydligt lönesystem med lönekriterier som alla känner till och förstår är en förutsättning för att lönesättningen ska upplevas som rättvis och motiverande. Därtill pekas den lönesättande chefen ut som central för upplevelsen av rättvisa vid lönesättning samt att alla medarbetare ska få inflytande och likvärdiga förutsättningar att kompetensutvecklas och därigenom kunna höja lönen. / Background: More and more employers are introducing performance-based wage-setting in order toattract, connect and develop competence and in addition handle the increasingly complex production processes and the growing competitive situation. Performance-based setting is assumed to stimulate employees´ work motivation, which in turn contributes to increased work performance and improved results for the company. However, the system presupposes that employees perceive wage setting as fair in order for the performance-based salary to have the intended effect. Motivation and justice are subjective, contain several elements and tend to give the salary a relative significance, which makes the design of an performance-based salary system complex. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the attitudes of the actors: companies, unions and employees regarding performance-based wage setting, justice and motivation. In order to thereby be able to compare and connect the actors' attitudes and point out factors that can promote the work of designing a wage setting system with elements of performance-based wage setting that must function motivatingly, be perceived as fair and contribute to increased performance. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method where the empirical data has been collected through interviews, questionnaires and analysis of secondary data. The study has a case company as a starting point where informants and respondents have consisted of representatives from the union and the company as well as employees within the company. The data collection methods and data collection sources were handled by triangulation. Conclusions: The study shows that all actors have a positive approach to performance-based wage setting and that there are several common denominators between the actors. Among other things, all actors think that competence should be the main basis for assessment, that higher pay is motivating and that a transparent and clear salary system with defined criteria that everyone have knowledge about and understand is a prerequisite for a salary setting to be perceived as fair and motivating. In addition, the payroll manager is pointed out as central to the experience of justice in wage setting and that all employees should have influence and equal opportunities to develop skills and thereby be able to raise salaries.

Bakgrund: Allt fler arbetsgivare inför individbaserad lönesättning för att kunna attrahera, knyta an och utveckla rätt kompetens och därigenom hantera de alltmer komplexa produktionsprocesserna och den växande konkurrenssituationen. Individuell lönesättning antas stimulera medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation vilket i sin tur bidrar till ökad arbetsprestation och förbättrat resultat för företaget. Systemet förutsätter dock att medarbetarna upplever lönesättningen som rättvis för att den individbaserade lönen ska få den avsedda effekten. Motivation och rättvisa är emellertid subjektivt, inrymmer flera element och tenderar ge lönen en relativ betydelse vilket gör utformningen av ett individbaserat lönesystem komplext. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera förhållningssätt hos aktörerna: företag, fack och medarbetare gällande individuell lönesättning, rättvisa och motivation. För att därigenom kunna jämföra och koppla samman aktörernas förhållningssätt och peka ut faktorer som kan främja arbetet med att utforma ett lönesättningssystem med inslag av individbaserad lönesättning som ska fungera motiverande, upplevas rättvis och bidra till ökad prestation. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer, enkäter samt analys av sekundärdata. Studien har ett fallföretag som utgångspunkt där informanter och respondenter har utgjorts av representanter från fack och företag samt anställda inom företaget. Datainsamlingsmetoderna och datainsamlingskällorna hanterades genom triangulering. Slutsatser: Studien visar att alla aktörer har ett positivt förhållningssätt till individbaserad lönesättning samt att det finns ett flertal gemensamma nämnare aktörerna emellan. Bland annat tycker alla aktörer att kompetens ska utgöra den främsta bedömningsgrunden, att högre lön är motiverande samt att ett transparent och tydligt lönesystem med lönekriterier som alla känner till och förstår är en förutsättning för att lönesättningen ska upplevas som rättvis och motiverande. Därtill pekas den lönesättande chefen ut som central för upplevelsen av rättvisa vid lönesättning samt att alla medarbetare ska få inflytande och likvärdiga förutsättningar att kompetensutvecklas och därigenom kunna höja lönen. / Background: More and more employers are introducing performance-based wage-setting in order to attract, connect and develop competence and in addition handle the increasingly complex production processes and the growing competitive situation. Performance-based setting is assumed to stimulate employees´ work motivation, which in turn contributes to increased work performance and improved results for the company. However, the system presupposes that employees perceive wage setting as fair in order for the performance-based salary to have the intended effect. Motivation and justice are subjective, contain several elements and tend to give the salary a relative significance, which makes the design of an performance-based salary system complex. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the attitudes of the actors: companies, unions and employees regarding performance-based wage setting, justice and motivation. In order to thereby be able to compare and connect the actors' attitudes and point out factors that can promote the work of designing a wage setting system with elements of performance-based wage setting that must function motivatingly, be perceived as fair and contribute to increased performance. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method where the empirical data has been collected through interviews, questionnaires and analysis of secondary data. The study has a case company as a starting point where informants and respondents have consisted of representatives from the union and the company as well as employees within the company. The data collection methods and data collection sources were handled by triangulation. Conclusions: The study shows that all actors have a positive approach to performance-based wage setting and that there are several common denominators between the actors. Among other things, all actors think that competence should be the main basis for assessment, that higher pay is motivating and that a transparent and clear salary system with defined criteria that everyone have knowledge about and understand is a prerequisite for a salary setting to be perceived as fair and motivating. In addition, the payroll manager is pointed out as central to the experience of justice in wage setting and that all employees should have influence and equal opportunities to develop skills and thereby be able to raise salaries. / <p>Examensarbete och metod i företagsekonomi: Management G2E 22,5 hp FÖ541G</p>

Effects of the environmental degradation in the last century rose awareness on the need to manage natural resources in a more sustainable manner. The role of the private sector in greenhouse gases emissions and resources use is significant and hence encompasses huge potential to mitigate the environmental impact of human activities. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) has been regarded as an effective way to manage the environmental impact of enterprises. Factors impacting the performance of EMS in French enterprises are investigated. Three aspects of EMS are studied: managerial processes, policy-making process and tools used to monitor environmental impact. Influence of sectorial activity on EMS is studied. In the first phase, a qualitative research approach is used, and twenty-one French enterprises from different sectors are interviewed. Two types of employees are surveyed: employees in charge of the environmental policy within the enterprise, and employees not related to environmental policies. In the second phase, exploratory factor analysis is employed to identify practices leading to best environmental performance. Results from the exploratory analysis reveal that firms with the highest environmental performance tend to have a long-term agenda and consult external stakeholders, namely their customers, to elaborate their environmental policy. Regarding communication channels to educate employees on sustainable practices, it is found that executives are often more informed on sustainable practices and are not responsive to same channels. Results from the qualitative analysis show lack of financial support is still the first obstacle to EMS implementation, and business strategy is rarely aligned with the environmental strategy of the company. Therefore, there is a strong need to create a compelling business case for EMS. / Effekterna av miljöförstöring under förra seklet ökade medvetenheten om behovet av att hantera resurser på ett mer hållbart sätt. Den privata sektorns roll i utsläpp av växthusgaser och resursanvändning är betydande och omfattar därför en enorm potential för att påverka miljöns hållbarhet. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) har betraktats som ett effektivt sätt att hantera företagens miljöpåverkan. Faktorer som påverkar resultatet av EMS i franska företag undersöks. Tre aspekter av EMS studeras: ledningsprocesser, beslutsfattande och verktyg som används för att övervaka miljöpåverkan. Påverkan av sektoraktivitet på EMS studeras. I den första fasen används en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och 21 franska företag från olika sektorer intervjuas. Två typer av anställda undersöks: anställda som ansvarar för miljöpolitiken inom företaget och anställda som inte är relaterade till miljöpolitiken. I den andra fasen används undersökande faktoranalys för att identifiera metoder som leder till bästa miljöprestanda. Resultat från den undersökande analysen visar att företag med högsta miljöprestanda tenderar att ha en långsiktig agenda och konsultera externa intressenter, nämligen deras kunder, för att utarbeta sin miljöpolicy. Beträffande kommunikationskanaler för att utbilda anställda om hållbar praxis, konstateras att chefer ofta är mer informerade om hållbara metoder och inte svarar på samma kanaler. Resultat från den kvalitativa analysen visar att bristen på ekonomiskt stöd fortfarande är det första hinderet för implementering av EMS, och affärsstrategi är sällan i linje med företagets miljöstrategi. Därför finns det ett starkt behov av att skapa ett övertygande affärsfall för EMS.

Orientador: Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim / Banca: Oswaldo Francisco de Almeida Júnior / Banca: Wanda Aparecida Machado Hoffmann / Resumo: A competitividade, a globalização e a necessidade da obtenção de informações direcionadas ao negócio e com valor agregado são fatores que influenciam, cada vez mais, as organizações que atuam no mercado nacional e internacional buscarem um diferencial competitivo. Atualmente, existe uma gama enorme de informações sobre processos e produtos industriais, cuja importância é fundamental para o potencial competitivo das organizações, visto que a inovação advém inicialmente desse tipo de ação informacional. As organizações podem ser vistas como sistemas que geram, processam e aplicam informações, que são transformadas em ação propriamente dita. Nesse sentido, o processo de inteligência competitiva pode auxiliar as organizações a coletar dados de fontes internas e externas, formais e informais e processá-las transformando-as em um ativo potencialmente competitivo. Assim, obter e gerenciar informações estruturadas e com valor agregado, bem como usar as tecnologias de informação e comunicação de forma eficiente, auxilia na transformação de dados e informações em diferencial competitivo para o desenvolvimento do setor industrial. O processo de inteligência competitiva é um diferencial para qualquer modelo de gestão organizacional, visto que possui como objetivo principal antever oportunidades e situações críticas na busca de resultados eficientes e eficazes. O presente projeto de pesquisa teve como propósito estudar os fenômenos que compõem a gestão da informação em ambiente Web, mais especificamente a aplicação da inteligência competitiva para o setor industrial de confecções da região de Londrina/PR. O setor é extremamente competitivo, visto que é uma área que possui um ciclo de informações acelerado e dinâmico, bem como precisa ter como base, a antecipação informacional para oferecer produtos diferenciados. Este projeto estudou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To competitiveness, the globalization and need of the obtaining information directed to the business and with value added are factors that influence the organizations that act in the international and national market will seek a competitive differential. At present, actually exists the range of information about industrial process and products, whose importance is fundamental for the competitive potential of organizations, seen that the innovation happens initially of that kind informational action. The organizations can be a sight as systems that generate, prosecute and apply information transforming them in action properly dictates. In that sense, the competitive intelligence process is able to help the organizations it collect informal and formal data, external and internal sources and prosecute and transforming them in a potentially competitive assets, therefore, obtain and manage information structured and with value added, as well like use information and communication technologies of efficient form, aiming at transform data and information in competitive differential for development of industrial sector. The process of competitive intelligence is a differential for any model of organizational management that possessed like main objective foresee opportunities and critical situations for obtain efficient and efficient results. The present project of research has like purpose study the phenomena that compose the information management in Web environment, more specifically the application of competitive intelligence for footwear industrial sector of Londrina/PR region. The sector of footwear of Londrina region, situated in the north of Paraná is extremely competitive, seen that is an area that possessed a cycle of information accelerated and highly dynamic, as well like is going to have like base to the anticipation informational for offer products differentiated... (Complete abstract click lectronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Helena Lima Diniz.pdf: 4146724 bytes, checksum: 475a707100e4958971214ed872dca3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-20 / This study talks about the role of industry, focusing on television manufacturers, and their participation in the development and deployment of Digital TV in Brazil, as the first players in this scenario to point north to the viability of a business model for Digital Television (DTV) and Interactive Digital television (TVDI): the Connected TV and Smart TV. Makes a historical survey of the theme from the FHC government, through the Government until the current Lula government Dilma. The text presents technical challenges, such political and economic implementation. Identifies the successes and mistakes of the actors involved in this scenario, mounted to the development of digital TV in Brazil. The text presents technical challenges, such political and economic implementation. Intends to identify the successes and mistakes of the actors involved in this scenario, mounted to the development of digital TV in Brazil. Emphasizes the interests, not always harmonious, all involved: the capital with a focus on profit, government, with its political agreements, often contrasting the performance of their role in representing the interests of the majority of the population; and the dynamics of scientific-technological industry, which needs fertile soil, suitable, and continuing to develop.(AU) / O presente estudo disserta sobre o papel da indústria, com foco nos fabricantes de televisores e sua participação na implantação e desenvolvimento da TV Digital no Brasil, como os primeiros atores desse cenário a apontar o norte para a viabilização de um modelo de negócio para a Televisão Digital (TVD) e Televisão Digital Interativa (TVDI): a TV Conectada e a TV Inteligente. Faz um levantamento histórico do tema desde o Governo FHC, passando pelo Governo Lula até o atual Governo Dilma. O texto apresenta os desafios técnico, político e econômico dessa implementação. Pretende identificar os acertos e enganos dos atores envolvidos nesse cenário, montado para a implementação do sistema digital da TV brasileira. Ressalta os interesses, nem sempre harmônicos, de todos os envolvidos: do capital, com foco no lucro; do governo, com seus acordos políticos, muitas vezes contrapondo ao cumprimento de seu papel de representante dos interesses da maioria da população brasileira; e da dinâmica científico tecnológico-industrial, que necessita de campo fértil, propício e contínuo para se desenvolver.(AU)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_jc_me_mar.pdf: 665299 bytes, checksum: 89785ed9794977d1ae17d9e6c6cf9d9e (MD5) / Senai / A competitividade, a globalização e a necessidade da obtenção de informações direcionadas ao negócio e com valor agregado são fatores que influenciam, cada vez mais, as organizações que atuam no mercado nacional e internacional buscarem um diferencial competitivo. Atualmente, existe uma gama enorme de informações sobre processos e produtos industriais, cuja importância é fundamental para o potencial competitivo das organizações, visto que a inovação advém inicialmente desse tipo de ação informacional. As organizações podem ser vistas como sistemas que geram, processam e aplicam informações, que são transformadas em ação propriamente dita. Nesse sentido, o processo de inteligência competitiva pode auxiliar as organizações a coletar dados de fontes internas e externas, formais e informais e processá-las transformando-as em um ativo potencialmente competitivo. Assim, obter e gerenciar informações estruturadas e com valor agregado, bem como usar as tecnologias de informação e comunicação de forma eficiente, auxilia na transformação de dados e informações em diferencial competitivo para o desenvolvimento do setor industrial. O processo de inteligência competitiva é um diferencial para qualquer modelo de gestão organizacional, visto que possui como objetivo principal antever oportunidades e situações críticas na busca de resultados eficientes e eficazes. O presente projeto de pesquisa teve como propósito estudar os fenômenos que compõem a gestão da informação em ambiente Web, mais especificamente a aplicação da inteligência competitiva para o setor industrial de confecções da região de Londrina/PR. O setor é extremamente competitivo, visto que é uma área que possui um ciclo de informações acelerado e dinâmico, bem como precisa ter como base, a antecipação informacional para oferecer produtos diferenciados. Este projeto estudou... / To competitiveness, the globalization and need of the obtaining information directed to the business and with value added are factors that influence the organizations that act in the international and national market will seek a competitive differential. At present, actually exists the range of information about industrial process and products, whose importance is fundamental for the competitive potential of organizations, seen that the innovation happens initially of that kind informational action. The organizations can be a sight as systems that generate, prosecute and apply information transforming them in action properly dictates. In that sense, the competitive intelligence process is able to help the organizations it collect informal and formal data, external and internal sources and prosecute and transforming them in a potentially competitive assets, therefore, obtain and manage information structured and with value added, as well like use information and communication technologies of efficient form, aiming at transform data and information in competitive differential for development of industrial sector. The process of competitive intelligence is a differential for any model of organizational management that possessed like main objective foresee opportunities and critical situations for obtain efficient and efficient results. The present project of research has like purpose study the phenomena that compose the information management in Web environment, more specifically the application of competitive intelligence for footwear industrial sector of Londrina/PR region. The sector of footwear of Londrina region, situated in the north of Paraná is extremely competitive, seen that is an area that possessed a cycle of information accelerated and highly dynamic, as well like is going to have like base to the anticipation informational for offer products differentiated... (Complete abstract click lectronic access below)

The impact of political and economic events on the asset pricing model described by the arbitrage pricing theory (APTM) was examined in order to establish if they had caused any changes in its specification. It was concluded that the APTM is not stationary and that it must be continuously tested before it can be used as political and economic events can change its specification. It was also found that political events had a more direct effect on the specification of the APTM, in that their effect is more immediate, than did economic events, which influenced the APTM by first influencing the economic environment in which it operated. The conventional approach that would have evaluated important political and economic events, case by case, to determine whether they affected the linear factor model (LFM), and subsequently the APTM, could not be used since no correlation was found between the pricing of a risk factor in the LFM and its subsequent pricing in the APTM. A new approach was then followed in which a correlation with a political or economic event was sought whenever a change was detected in the specification of the APTM. This was achieved by first finding the best subset LFM, chosen for producing the highest adjusted R2 , month by month, over 87 periods from 20 October1991 to 21 June 1998, using a combination of nine prespecified risk factors (five of which were proxies for economic events and one for political events). Multivariate analysis techniques were then used to establish which risk factors were priced most often during the three equal subperiods into which the 87 periods were broken up. Using the above methodology, the researcher was able to conclude that political events changed the specification of the APTM in late 1991. After the national elections in April 1994 it was found that the acceptance of South Africa into the world economic community had again changed the specification of the APTM and the two most important factors were proxies for economic events. / Business Leadership / DBL

The impact of political and economic events on the asset pricing model described by the arbitrage pricing theory (APTM) was examined in order to establish if they had caused any changes in its specification. It was concluded that the APTM is not stationary and that it must be continuously tested before it can be used as political and economic events can change its specification. It was also found that political events had a more direct effect on the specification of the APTM, in that their effect is more immediate, than did economic events, which influenced the APTM by first influencing the economic environment in which it operated. The conventional approach that would have evaluated important political and economic events, case by case, to determine whether they affected the linear factor model (LFM), and subsequently the APTM, could not be used since no correlation was found between the pricing of a risk factor in the LFM and its subsequent pricing in the APTM. A new approach was then followed in which a correlation with a political or economic event was sought whenever a change was detected in the specification of the APTM. This was achieved by first finding the best subset LFM, chosen for producing the highest adjusted R2 , month by month, over 87 periods from 20 October1991 to 21 June 1998, using a combination of nine prespecified risk factors (five of which were proxies for economic events and one for political events). Multivariate analysis techniques were then used to establish which risk factors were priced most often during the three equal subperiods into which the 87 periods were broken up. Using the above methodology, the researcher was able to conclude that political events changed the specification of the APTM in late 1991. After the national elections in April 1994 it was found that the acceptance of South Africa into the world economic community had again changed the specification of the APTM and the two most important factors were proxies for economic events. / Business Leadership / DBL