Title: Analysis of Didactic Interaction in Group Skiing Lessons for Adults Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to perform detailed analysis and comparison of the didactic teacher - student interaction during adult skiing lessons between two instructors with the same level of experience but different educational background. Methods: In our research we have employed a participant observation method using classification into a category system based on a standardised MADI (Modified Analysis of Didactic Interaction) technique. This includes 7 categories describing the forms of the teacher's behaviour, the didactic content of the lessons, didactic situations, and attitudinal characteristics. Results: The results of the study confirmed, among others, a higher incidence of the two most effective forms of teacher behaviour (correction and feedback information provision) in the instructor with pedagogical education, which was associated with a higher quality of the teaching process. Keywords: teaching, skiing, instructor, didactic interaction, analysis, ADI, MADI

Title: Influence of Pilates method on the function of the deep stabilization system with professional instructors Objectives: The main aim of the thesis was to prepare a test battery to evaluate HSSP activation of instructors of Pilates method. Subsequently, to evaluate the data obtained in testing phase and then conclude whether the statement that Pilates method positively affects the HSSP is true. As sub-goals, I aimed to find out the reason why they decided to become Pilates instructors, and to map the locations of training centers that provide courses of this method. Methods: In the thesis, practical testing according to test battery prepared for the specific purposes of this study was used. Questionnaire was used as well. In order to verify the truthfulness of the research hypotheses, the software Microsoft Excel version 2010 was used. In processing the data from the questionnaire survey, software Google Forms was used in addition to Microsoft Excel version 2010. The results were then processed into tables and charts. The thesis contains elements of experimental studies. Results: Data obtained from the test battery showed that the Pilates method has a positive influence on the HSSP of Pilates instructors. The data from the questionnaire survey showed that teachers completed the course...

N/A

Studiens syfte är att bidra med en ökad förståelse för vilka pedagogiska färdigheter skidinstruktörerna värdesätter och anser vara centrala i deras arbete och varför. För att undersöka detta så har en fallstudie av en svensk skidskola utförts där skidskolans instruktörer blev intervjuade om vilka pedagogiska färdigheter de värdesatte och även hur den externa samt interna utbildningen upplevdes förhålla sig till dessa. Studiens resultat visar hur instruktörerna värdesatte social kompetens, lyhördhet och förmågan att inspirera som centrala pedagogiska färdigheter för en skidinstruktör. Genom en god förmåga i dessa färdigheter möjliggjordes skapandet av en god relation till elev under lektion och även tillämpning av rätt typ av undervisning som anpassas till eleven och situationen. Den externa utbildningen ansågs inte direkt utveckla dessa färdigheter utan hade snarare ett fokus på skidteknisk förmåga och förståelse. Utbildningen utvecklade dock indirekt färdigheterna genom interaktion med övriga deltagare och ett förebildskap av instruktören. Den interna utbildningen ansågs även den ha ett mer skidtekniskt fokus men också där utvecklades de värdesatta färdigheterna genom deltagande och interaktion mellan skidinstruktörerna. / The purpose of this study is to contribute a deeper understanding about what skills are valued by ski instructors and perceived as central in their line of work and, why. To this end, a case study was conducted of a Swedish ski school. Six ski instructors and one manager were interviewed about what skills they value, and about how the external ski instructor training they underwent were perceived in relation to those skills. The results show that social skills, perceptiveness and the ability to inspire were regarded as central skills for a competent ski instructor. By having this set of skills the instructor is able to create a good social relation to the student by using pedagogy and instruction adapted to the particular student and situation. The external education was not perceived as developing these skills directly; instead, it was perceived as a way of developing a technical understanding of skiing. The instructors however experienced that the education developed the valued skills indirectly through interaction with the participants as well as with the instructor acting as a role model. The workplace education was also perceived as having a ski-technical focus but also as developing the valued skills through participation and interaction between the ski instructors.

O mundo da vida cotidiana é o aqui e agora das relações humanas, que se apresenta à nossa interpretação, e onde se forjam as experiências formadoras. A tese analisa o mundo da vida das professoras-cursistas do curso de Graduação em Pedagogia na Modalidade a Distância, oferecido pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 2006 a 2010, no sentido de identificar e analisar as experiências formadoras da docência em relação às trajetórias de formação dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. Os conceitos principais da tese são mundo da vida cotidiana, na perspectiva de Alfred Schütz, experiência formadora, de acordo com Marie-Christine Josso e cibersocialidade, na perspectiva de André Lemos. Mundo da vida cotidiana é o espaço das relações humanas que estabelecemos diariamente, a realidade emergente de nossas experiências, e onde se forjam os esquemas reflexivos da consciência, a ponto de transformar uma vivência em uma experiência que significa e demarca a trajetória de um sujeito. Experiência formadora constitui-se como a possibilidade de criar e recriar, no âmbito da formação, as significações a respeito do aprendido: aprendido a fazer, a ser e a pensar. A cibersocialidade se relaciona à vivência do cotidiano presentificado, em que emergem as relações na sociedade em rede. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: a primeira, de abordagem quantitativa, investiga os usos do tempo das professoras-cursistas e mapeia o seu cotidiano. Na segunda etapa são analisadas as experiências formadoras da docência, a partir da seleção de rotinas-síntese de perfis típicos e atípicos da população analisada, totalizando oito sujeitos. As experiências formadoras foram analisadas a partir dos Portfólios de Aprendizagem das professoras-cursistas, recuperando as recordações-referência a partir dos seus itinerários de experiências individuais. Em relação ao mapeamento do cotidiano das professoras-cursistas observamos um cotidiano marcado por um contingente expressivo de ocupações, em que diminui o tempo de lazer e cuidados pessoais na medida em que aumenta o tempo de estudo. O imperativo de gênero demarca as relações estabelecidas no cotidiano das professoras-cursistas. Consideramos necessário o desenvolvimento políticas públicas voltadas à formação de professores considerando a formação como parte do trabalho remunerado. Em relação às experiências formadoras analisamos em profundidade os registros e percebemos que estas se relacionam com o mundo da vida cotidiana de cada professora-cursista, ultrapassando as fronteiras da universidade e da escola, na medida em que se relacionam com essas vivências. As recordações-referência apresentadas compuseram um rol de experiências formadoras destacadas para estes sujeitos. Na medida em que os oito sujeitos respondem às sínteses de reconhecimentos da população analisada no curso PEAD/UFRGS, apontamos as experiências analisadas acima como as experiências formadoras da docência para as professoras-cursistas do PEAD/UFRGS. Por fim, destacamos a importância de assumirmos a experiência formadora como forma de qualificar a formação de professores. / The world of everyday life is the here and now of human relations, and presents itself to our interpretation of the interpretation, and where they forge their formative experiences. The thesis examines the life world of teachers-students of the Course Undergraduate Education in Distance mode offered by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, between the years 2006 to 2010, to identify and analyze the formative experiences of teaching in relation to the trajectories of the subjects involved in the training process. The main concepts of the thesis is the world of everyday life, from the perspective of Alfred Schütz, formative experience, according to Marie-Christine Josso and ciber-sociality, in the perspective of André Lemos. World of everyday life is the space of human relationships we establish daily, the emerging reality of our experiences, and where they forge reflective schemes of consciousness to the point of transforming an experience into an experience that demarcates the meaning and trajectory of a subject. Formative Experience constitutes the ability to create and recreate, in the scope of training, the meanings of what was learned: learned to do, to be and to think. The ciber-sociality relates to the experience of everyday life made present in the relationships that emerge in the network society. The field research was conducted in two stages: the first, a quantitative approach, investigates the time-use of teachers-students and maps their everyday life. In the second stage analyzes the formative experiences of teaching, from the selection of routine-synthesis profiles of typical and atypical of the population analyzed, totaling eight subjects. The formative experiences were analyzed from the portfolios of the teachers-Learning course participants, retrieving memories-reference from their itineraries individual experiences. Regarding the mapping of everyday teachers, teacher students observe a daily marked by a large contingent of occupations, which reduces the time for leisure and personal care in that it increases the time of study. The imperative of gender demarcating relations. We consider it necessary to develop public policies aimed at training teachers considering training as part of paid work. Regarding formative experiences we analyze in depth the records and realized that they necessarily relate to the world of everyday life of each teachers-students, surpassing the boundaries of the university and the school. Memories-reference presented composed a list of formative experiences highlighted for these subjects. Insofar as the eight subjects respond to the syntheses of recognitions of the population analyzed in the course HDPE / UFRGS, pointed the experiences discussed above as the formative experiences of teaching for teachers, teacher students HDPE / UFRGS. Finally, we highlight the importance of formative experience as we assume the possibility of qualifying teacher training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate student satisfaction in hybrid education courses as compared to the traditional face-to-face courses. This was done by focusing on 2 main factors involved in student satisfaction: student-instructor connection and student-faculty connection. Other factors such as the students’ level of technical experience and influence of outside forces such as jobs and families were also studied. Students at one community college in Appalachia were involved in this study. Forty-four students participated in this student. They survey included a Likert-type scale and had additional questions on the student’s prior experience in online and hybrid education as well as two open-ended questions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. The survey contained 67 questions. Statistical analyses of the data revealed: (1) Students who felt more connected with their instructors were more likely to express satisfaction in their online or hybrid courses. (2) Students who felt more connected with other students were more likely to express satisfaction in their online or hybrid courses. (3) No significance in students’ opinions regarding having an in-person component in their hybrid courses. (4) Students who were more technologically experienced were more likely to express satisfaction with their online or hybrid courses. (5) A significant difference between the mean and students’ overall satisfaction with their hybrid courses showing that overall, students are not satisfied with their experiences. (6) A significant difference from the mean student instructor connectivity score showed that students do not feel connected with their instructors. (7) No significance between the mean and the student-student connectivity score. (8) A significant difference between the mean and the technology score showed that students were not experienced with the technology used in their hybrid courses. (9) A significant difference between the mean score and the students’ opinions of the course design showed that students do not feel that the course design helped them learn.

abstract: This mixed methods study examined instructor introduction videos for use in online learning. This study intended to identify the influence of video production value on student perceptions of student-instructor intent, specifically in the areas of perceived student-instructor communication and student-instructor connection. This study also examined which production style most accurately aligns student perceptions with instructor intent as well as which video production style is preferred by students. Using a set of production guidelines, an instructor produced two introduction videos; one of low production value, one of high production value. Student participants were surveyed on their perceptions of the instructor as featured in both videos. The instructor was interviewed using similar questions in order to identify instructor intent and compare instructor intent to student perceptions. Analysis of data showed that there was no statistical difference between video production value in students’ perceived student-instructor connection or student-instructor communication when compared to the instructor’s intent in the same areas. Data analysis also showed that a high production value was more accurate in portraying instructor intent, however a low production value was preferred by students and portrayed the instructor more positively. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2019

There is a need to explore ways to better motivate students in instruction, as student motivation is an issue confronting teachers at all levels of education. Instructor-student rapport (ISR), a multidimensional concept comprised of students’ enjoyable interaction and personal connection with instructors, has potential to offer educators a tool for increasing these important student outcomes. Further, self-determination theory (SDT) may have utility for illustrating the psychological mechanisms through which instructors influence students by building rapport. First, this study explored what behaviors instructors should employ to build ISR with students. Specifically, prosocial humor (related and unrelated) and confirmation (responding to questions, demonstrating interest, ad teaching style) were investigated as instructor rapport-building behaviors. Results showed that instructors’ use of related humor, demonstration of interest, and teaching style were significant predictors of both dimensions of ISR; mixed results were found for both responding to questions and unrelated humor. Second, this study considered whether ISR was a significant predictor of student outcomes: intrinsic motivation, perceived cognitive learning, and academic performance. While enjoyable interaction was a significant, positive predictor of all three outcomes, personal connection was not a significant, positive predictor of any student outcomes. In fact, personal connection was a significant, negative predictor of perceived cognitive learning. Third, this study explored whether ISR served as a mediator between these rapport-building behaviors and student outcomes as posited by SDT. Enjoyable interaction was a significant mediator in a majority of the models. However, personal connection was not a positive mediator in any models and served as a negative mediator when predicting perceived cognitive learning. Theoretical implications for this study’s findings, along with practical tips for instructors hoping to build ISR with students, are forwarded. In addition, future directions and limitations are discussed.

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the relationship between autonomy, student-instructor dialogue, and student satisfaction within a web-based distance Russian language course. Forty six (46) students from two US higher education institutions participated in this study. Using an Exploratory Model with the elements of an Explanatory Model (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007), the qualitative and quantitative data were collected at the middle and at the end of the course to provide thorough investigation of the three variables, to reveal their interactions with each other, and to discover whether these variables and their relationship change over time. Qualitative data were used to explore the aforementioned constructs, and to enhance the instrument tested in the subsequent quantitative phase. An additional quantitative phase at the end of the course, and follow-up qualitative interviews were provided to discover the changes that occurred in the main variables and in their relationships throughout the course. Content analysis was utilized for the interviews, while reliability (Cronbach alpha) analysis, correlational analysis, t-test, and non-parametric Wilcoxon and sign test were used for the data analysis of the surveys. Findings revealed that autonomy, dialogue, and satisfaction have significant correlation at the beginning and the middle point of the course. All three variables grew throughout the course, however the relationships among them significantly decreased towards the end of the course. The conclusions include suggestions and implications for teachers, students, and course developers.

Correlational research has shown the ratio of positive to negative interactions (PN ratio) between students and teachers may have an effect on the frequency and type of student behavior displayed in the context of teaching. Based on this research, PN ratio has become a prominent feature of many school improvement and teacher evaluation measures. While a variety of correlational data show a positive relationship between high PN ratios and improved student behavior in the classroom, there is little evidence assessing the extent to which instructors will increase PN ratios following didactic workshop training (relatively passive, one-session workshops with few opportunities for skill building). Additionally, the limited amount of available data suggests that increasing these ratios may be more difficult than expected. The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of two interventions used to train after-school instructors to increase PN ratios. The first intervention (workshop training) followed a didactic workshop-training model. The second intervention (coaching) included the components of the didactic workshop model with the addition of modeling, role-play, and performance feedback. In this study four instructors in an after-school program were randomly assigned to one of two groups to participate in training programs. These programs were designed to help them increase PN ratios when interacting with students during homework time in the after-school program. Group 1 received only the workshop training, and Group 2 received the workshop training as well as the coaching intervention. Instructor behaviors were recorded during 15-minute observation sessions, and PN ratios were calculated for each instructor. All observation sessions took place in the context of homework time during regularly scheduled after-school programming. The study used AB/ABC design to assess the success of the two training models. Instructors in Group 1 showed no increases in the frequency of positive interactions or PN ratios. Instructors in Group 2 showed an increased frequency of positive interactions and increased PN ratios in the coaching condition. Results are discussed in terms of increases and decreases in the daily frequency of positive and negative interactions as well as the overall increases in PN ratio.