O sistema de plantio direto constitui-se num dos mais importantes sistemas agrícolas de conservação de solo, ocupando hoje grandes áreas em todo o Brasil. Contudo a presença de palha sobre o solo pode influenciar na eficácia dos herbicidas quando aplicados em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas, uma vez que a presença da palha pode prejudicar sua transposição até o solo, seja pela adsorção do herbicida ou por perdas por degradação. Neste sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar a influência da porcentagem de cobertura do solo (PCS) na lixiviação até o solo de herbicidas residuais quando aplicados junto ao herbicida dessecante sobre massa verde de forrageiras. No estudo, foram testadas três diferentes porcentagens de cobertura sobre o solo (0%, 50% e 100%) oriundas de duas espécies de forrageiras comumente usadas como cobertura de inverno no sistema de plantio da soja no Brasil. Para tanto foram semeadas em solo argiloso as forrageiras Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, Lolium multiflorum Lam., respectivamente milheto e azevém, em campo do Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da DuPont em Paulínia, SP. Logo antes do início do florescimento foram sucessivamente desbastadas até atingir 0%, 50% e 100% de PCS para ambas as forrageiras. Para a aferição da PCS foram tomadas fotos aéreas das parcelas que foram analisadas pelo software ImageJ. Na sequência, foram aplicados os tratamentos de herbicidas: sulfometurom-metílico + clorimurom-etílico + glifosato (18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), diclosulam + glifosato (25 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1) e sulfentrazone + glifosato (600 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), além das testemunhas que receberam somente a aplicação do herbicida dessecante, glifosato (2,16 kg e.a. ha-1). Os tratamentos foram aplicados em dessecação das forrageiras e em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas. A eficácia de controle dos herbicidas foi mensurada através de avaliações visuais de controle aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 63 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA). Aos 63DAA as plantas daninhas das parcelas foram coletadas para obtenção da massa seca da parte aérea.Não houve redução na eficácia de controle das plantas daninhas (I. grandifolia, C. echinatus, E. indica, C. benghalensis e R. brasiliensis) e no residual dos herbicidas diclosulam, sulfentrazone e sulfometurom-metílico + clorimurom-etílico associados ao glifosato aplicados em dessecação sobre as PCS de 50 e 100% de milheto e azevém ainda verde quando comparadas a aplicação sobre o solo completamente exposto. / The tillage system is one of the most important agricultural systems of soil conservation, with large areas in Brazil. However, the presence of straw on the soil can influence the efficacy of herbicides when applied in pre-emergence of the weeds, the straw may hinder the transposition of the herbicide into the soil by soil adsorption or degradation. This work was developed to evaluate the influence of the soil covering percentage (PCS) on retention of residual herbicides when applied with the desiccant herbicide on forage green mass. Was tested three different soil coverage percentages (0%, 50% and 100%) originated from two species of forages commonly used on soybean no-tillage system in Brazil. Forage of Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, Lolium multiflorum Lam., respectively millet and ryegrass were planted in clayey soil of the Center for Research and Development of DuPont in Paulínia, SP. Just before the beginning of flowering were made repetitive thinning to reach 0%, 50% and 100% of PCS for both forages. To measure the PCS were used aerial photos of the parcels, which were analyzed by ImageJ software. The herbicide treatments were sulfometurom-methyl + clorimurom-ethyl + glyphosate (18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), diclosulam + glyphosate (25 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1) and sulfentrazone + glyphosate (600 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), and the untreated check (UTC) who only receive the application of desiccant herbicide, glyphosate (2,16 kg e.a. ha-1). Treatments were applied in desiccation of forage and pre-emergence of weeds. Visual evaluations were made at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after application (DAA). By 63DAA the weeds were collected to obtain the dry mass the aerial part. There was no reduction in the effectiveness of weed control (I. grandifolia, C. echinatus, E. indica, C. benghalensis and R. brasiliensis). There was no reduction residual of diclosulam, sulfentrazone and sulfometurom-methyl + clorimurom-ethyl associated with glyphosate in desiccation of millet and ryegrass still green when compared to the application on the completely exposed soil.

O sistema de plantio direto constitui-se num dos mais importantes sistemas agrícolas de conservação de solo, ocupando hoje grandes áreas em todo o Brasil. Contudo a presença de palha sobre o solo pode influenciar na eficácia dos herbicidas quando aplicados em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas, uma vez que a presença da palha pode prejudicar sua transposição até o solo, seja pela adsorção do herbicida ou por perdas por degradação. Neste sentido, este trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar a influência da porcentagem de cobertura do solo (PCS) na lixiviação até o solo de herbicidas residuais quando aplicados junto ao herbicida dessecante sobre massa verde de forrageiras. No estudo, foram testadas três diferentes porcentagens de cobertura sobre o solo (0%, 50% e 100%) oriundas de duas espécies de forrageiras comumente usadas como cobertura de inverno no sistema de plantio da soja no Brasil. Para tanto foram semeadas em solo argiloso as forrageiras Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, Lolium multiflorum Lam., respectivamente milheto e azevém, em campo do Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da DuPont em Paulínia, SP. Logo antes do início do florescimento foram sucessivamente desbastadas até atingir 0%, 50% e 100% de PCS para ambas as forrageiras. Para a aferição da PCS foram tomadas fotos aéreas das parcelas que foram analisadas pelo software ImageJ. Na sequência, foram aplicados os tratamentos de herbicidas: sulfometurom-metílico + clorimurom-etílico + glifosato (18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), diclosulam + glifosato (25 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1) e sulfentrazone + glifosato (600 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), além das testemunhas que receberam somente a aplicação do herbicida dessecante, glifosato (2,16 kg e.a. ha-1). Os tratamentos foram aplicados em dessecação das forrageiras e em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas. A eficácia de controle dos herbicidas foi mensurada através de avaliações visuais de controle aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 63 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA). Aos 63DAA as plantas daninhas das parcelas foram coletadas para obtenção da massa seca da parte aérea.Não houve redução na eficácia de controle das plantas daninhas (I. grandifolia, C. echinatus, E. indica, C. benghalensis e R. brasiliensis) e no residual dos herbicidas diclosulam, sulfentrazone e sulfometurom-metílico + clorimurom-etílico associados ao glifosato aplicados em dessecação sobre as PCS de 50 e 100% de milheto e azevém ainda verde quando comparadas a aplicação sobre o solo completamente exposto. / The tillage system is one of the most important agricultural systems of soil conservation, with large areas in Brazil. However, the presence of straw on the soil can influence the efficacy of herbicides when applied in pre-emergence of the weeds, the straw may hinder the transposition of the herbicide into the soil by soil adsorption or degradation. This work was developed to evaluate the influence of the soil covering percentage (PCS) on retention of residual herbicides when applied with the desiccant herbicide on forage green mass. Was tested three different soil coverage percentages (0%, 50% and 100%) originated from two species of forages commonly used on soybean no-tillage system in Brazil. Forage of Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, Lolium multiflorum Lam., respectively millet and ryegrass were planted in clayey soil of the Center for Research and Development of DuPont in Paulínia, SP. Just before the beginning of flowering were made repetitive thinning to reach 0%, 50% and 100% of PCS for both forages. To measure the PCS were used aerial photos of the parcels, which were analyzed by ImageJ software. The herbicide treatments were sulfometurom-methyl + clorimurom-ethyl + glyphosate (18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 18,75g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), diclosulam + glyphosate (25 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1) and sulfentrazone + glyphosate (600 g i.a. ha-1 + 2,16 kg e.a. ha-1), and the untreated check (UTC) who only receive the application of desiccant herbicide, glyphosate (2,16 kg e.a. ha-1). Treatments were applied in desiccation of forage and pre-emergence of weeds. Visual evaluations were made at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 days after application (DAA). By 63DAA the weeds were collected to obtain the dry mass the aerial part. There was no reduction in the effectiveness of weed control (I. grandifolia, C. echinatus, E. indica, C. benghalensis and R. brasiliensis). There was no reduction residual of diclosulam, sulfentrazone and sulfometurom-methyl + clorimurom-ethyl associated with glyphosate in desiccation of millet and ryegrass still green when compared to the application on the completely exposed soil.

In 2003, seeds of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were stocked at 2, 4, and 6 postlarvae/m2 as well as 1, 2 and 3 juveniles/m2 with two culture systems, the integrated and rotational prawn - rice systems. Prawns were fed with pellets twice a day. Water levels in rice plots were arranged at the same levels for both systems. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the integrated system were lower than in the rotational system. The growth of prawns decreased at higher stocking densities. Prawns in the rotational system grew faster than those in integrated system. The yields ranged from 286 ± 32 to 516 ± 51 and 412 ± 17 to 584 ± 37 kg/ha in the integrated and rotational system at stocking PL, respectively. The yields of prawns ranged from 251 ± 16 to 430 ± 54 and 297 ± 24 to 486 ± 38 kg/ha in integrated and rotational prawn - rice systems stocking juveniles, respectively. However, at higher density, the investment cost significantly increased (P < 0.05), while profit significantly decreased (P < 0.05). At low density, cost benefit ratio and profit were the highest (P < 0.05). Finally, the integrated rice - prawn system gives lower profits than the rotational system. In 2004, an experiment on the effects of stocking densities (1, 2, 3 and 4 PL/m2) and feeding types, pellets only (P) and pellets + snail meat (PS), on the production and economic aspects of rotational prawn culture in the rice fields were carried out in the same culture facilities. Water levels were 0.3 - 0.6 m in rice-grown areas. Water temperatures were higher than the suitable range for prawns at noon in the hot months. After 7 months, survival rates of prawns were 28.0 - 50.3 %. Final mean weights were 32.0 - 39.8 g/prawn. Yields ranged from 194 ± 82 to 373 ± 32 kg/ha. There was no significant difference between the two types of feeding on production parameters (P > 0.05). The total cost significantly increased at higher densities (P < 0.05) but it was not different between feed types (P > 0.05). Net profit and cost benefit ratio of treatment PS were significantly higher than in treatment P. In the present study, yield (394 ± 22 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1.57 ± 0.07) in treatment PS at 3 PL/m² were significantly the highest (P < 0.05). The effects of stocking densities of postlarvae (0.5, 1 and 2 PL/m2) on the production and economics of prawn culture in the integrated rice - prawn system were studied to affirm the efficiency of this model with low investment. The high temperature in the dry season and low dissolved oxygen after rice harvesting caused small final mean weights, low survival rates and low yields. However, low investment in this system led to good cost benefit ratio. The on farm trials of rotational rice - prawn farming in the semi-deep water area were monitored with the farmers in six rice fields (0.7 - 1.0 ha). Two treatments of feed types (pellets and pellets + snail meat) were applied at stocking 4 PL/m2. Prawns in two treatments of densities (4 and 5 PL/m2) were fed on a combination of pellets and snail meat. By cull harvesting during the culture period, final mean weights of prawn were improved and larger than 50 g/prawn in all treatments. The prawn yield of treatment 5 PL/m2 was highest (630 ± 22 kg/ha). Net profits in the treatment using a combination of pellets and snail meat were 861 ± 193 US$/ha to 1,019 ± 25 US$/ha for the prawn crop and 1,393 ± 71 US$/ha to 1,576 ± 180 US$/ha for the whole system (prawn crop + dry rice crop). The integrated two rice crop and one prawn crop system with low investment costs can be applied by poor farmers, while the rotational a rice crop and one prawn crop system with higher operating costs can be practiced by moderately well off and rich farmers. Due to a higher economic return than monoculture of rice or rice - fish systems, rice - freshwater prawn system is spreading very rapidly in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. En 2003, de jeunes Macrobrachium rosenbergii furent stockés à 2, 4 et 6 postlarves/m² ainsi qu’à 1, 2 et 3 juvéniles/m² dans deux systèmes de culture: riz et crevettes produits soit en même temps (intégration) soit successivement (rotation). Les crevettes étaient alimentées de granulés deux fois par jour. Les niveaux d’eau dans les casiers rizicoles ont été maintenus identiques dans les 2 systèmes. Les concentrations en oxygène dissous dans le système intégré étaient plus faibles que dans le système en rotation. La croissance des crevettes a diminué aux plus fortes densités. Les crevettes dans le système en rotation ont grandi plus rapidement que dans le système intégré. Les récoltes à partir de postlarves se sont étalées de 286 ± 32 à 516 ± 51 et de 412 ± 17 à 584 ± 37 kg/ha respectivement dans le système intégré et en rotation. Les récoltes à partir de juvéniles se sont étalées de 251 ± 16 à 430 ± 54 et de 297 ± 24 à 486 ± 36 kg/ha respectivement dans le système intégré et en rotation. Cependant, à plus forte densité, les coûts d’investissement augmentent significativement (P < 0,05), tandis que le profit diminue significativement (P < 0,05). A faible densité le rapport coûtbénéfice et le profit ont été les plus élevés (P < 0,05). Finalement, le système intégré riz-crevette donne des profits plus faibles que le système en rotation. En 2004, une expérience sur les effets de différentes densités de mise en charge (1, 2, 3 et 4 PL/m²) et des types d’aliments, granulés uniquement (G) ou granulés et viande d’escargot (GE), sur la production et les aspects économiques de la culture riz-crevette en rotation ont été effectués dans les mêmes installations que précédemment. Les niveaux d’eau ont varié de 0,3 à 0,6 m dans les zones de production du riz. Les températures de l’eau ont été plus élevées que la température optimale pour la crevette du moins à midi pendant les mois les plus chauds. Après 7 mois, les taux de survie ont été de 28,0 à 50,3 %. Les poids moyens finaux étaient de 32,0 à 39,8 g/crevette. Les récoltes s’étalaient entre 194 ± 82 à 373 ±32 kg/ha. Aucune différence statistique (P < 0,05) concernant les paramètres de production n’a été enregistrée entre les deux types d’alimentation. Les coûts totaux ont augmenté significativement (P < 0,05) à plus fortes densités de mise en charge mais n’étaient pas différents selon les types d’aliments. Le profit net et le rapport coût bénéfice ont été significativement plus élevés avec les aliments combinés (GE) qu’avec les granulés seuls (G). Nos travaux démontrent que la récolte (394 ± 22 kg/ha) et le rapport coût bénéfice du traitement aliment combiné (GE) à 3 PL/:m² donne les meilleurs résultats (P < 0,05). Les effets de différentes densités de mise en charge de postlarves (0,5, 1 et 2 PL/m²) sur la production et le gain monétaire de l’élevage de crevette d’eau douce dans le système riz –crevette intégré ont été étudiés afin de confirmer l’efficacité de ce modèle basé sur un faible investissement. La température élevée en saison sèche et les faibles concentrations en oxygène dissous de l’eau après la récolte du riz induisent des poids moyens finaux faibles, de faibles taux de survie et de faibles récoltes. Cependant, le faible investissement nécessaire conduit à un bon rapport coût bénéfice. Les essais sur fermes du système riz-crevette en rotation dans les zones semi-profondes du district de Codo ont été effectués de façon participative avec les fermiers dans six champs de riz (0,7-1,0 ha). Deux types d’aliments (G et GE) ont été testés à la densité de 4 PL/m² et deux types de densité (4 et 5 PL/m²) ont été testés avec l’aliment combiné (GE). Grâce à des récoltes partielles en cours de production, les poids moyens finaux des crevettes ont été améliorés et étaient supérieurs à 50 g/crevette pour tous les traitements. La récolte de crevette à 5 PL/m² a été la plus élevée (630 ± 22 kg/ha). Les profits nets du traitement combinant les 2 types d’aliments (GE) ont varié de 861 ± 193 US$/ha à 1.019 ± 25 US$/ha pour la récolte de crevettes et de 1.393 ± 71 US$/ha à 1.576 ± 180 US$/ha pour l’ensemble du système (riz + crevette). Le système intégré de deux récoltes de riz et 1 récolte de crevette par an nécessite peu d’investissement et peut être appliquée par les fermiers les plus pauvres tandis que le système une récolte de riz et une récolte de crevette en rotation par an nécessite des investissements plus conséquents et ne peut être appliqué que par des fermiers aisés ou riches. Etant donné que le revenu économique du système riz-crevette est nettement plus élevé que la seule riziculture ou même que la rizipisciculture, ce système est en train de se développer très rapidement dans le delta du Mékong.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-06-11T12:09:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2567552 bytes, checksum: 182afc3da72869ecb3238abe716467fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T12:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2567552 bytes, checksum: 182afc3da72869ecb3238abe716467fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Lean Production (LP) could be defined as an integrated sociotechnical system with a multidimensional approach that includes management principles and practices, whose main objective is to reduce costs by eliminating waste. The success of LP in Japan and Western has led many organizations to try to implement it. However, some factors led to the failure of its implementation in many companies. When analyzing these factors, it was verified that these companies disregarded two facts: the existence of guiding principles for execution of lean practices and the continuous and synergistic interaction among such practices. Given this context, it was necessary to propose a model that would evaluate, in an integrated way, the level of LP implementation in companies. Thereunto, it was carried out a review about the articles concern LP assessment considering lean practices, in order to understand how evaluations were done, and which quantitative tools were used and, based on this perception, list the needed requirements to develop the model. Thereafter, this study proposed a fuzzy-GTA-DEMATEL reference model for LP assessment. It was composed of 4 factors and 20 sub-factors used in literature. In order to test its applicability, a case study was carried out at an organisation from automotive sector to evaluate the productive process, as well as applying Delphi with 7 LP specialists to evaluate the interactions between the elements. The model showed that studied company presented a high level of LP implementation. Nevertheless, it also pointed out that the company could make improvements in Process management (PM) factor to leverage the LP in its process, specifically in the sub-factors Standardized operations (S21) and Multifunctional workers (S22). Therefore, it was concluded that referential model is relevant and appropriate to assess the level of LP implementation in addition to identifying priorities for improvement. The model also contributed to diagnosis of the current LM stage in a company, in addition to identifying improvement priorities. Finally, the structure of model is considered a contribution, since the adopting company can use its own factors and sub-factors with same effectiveness. / A Produção Enxuta (PE) pode ser definida como um sistema sociotécnico integrado de abordagem multidimensional que compreende princípios e práticas, cujo principal objetivo é a redução de custos por meio da eliminação de desperdícios. O sucesso da PE no Japão e no Ocidente levou muitas organizações a tentar implantá-la. Porém, alguns fatores levaram ao fracasso de sua implantação em muitas empresas. Ao analisar estes fatores, constatou-se que essas empresas desconsideraram dois fatos: a presença de princípios norteadores para a execução das práticas enxutas e a interação contínua e sinérgica entre tais práticas. Diante desse contexto surgiu a necessidade de propor um modelo que avaliasse, de modo integrado, o nível de implementação da PE nas empresas. Para isso, primeiramente realizou-se um levantamento sobre os artigos que avaliaram a PE considerando as práticas enxutas, de modo a entender como foram feitas as avaliações e quais ferramentas quantitativas foram utilizadas e, com base nesta percepção, elencar os requisitos necessários para desenvolver o modelo. Após tal verificação, esta pesquisa propôs um modelo referencial fuzzy-GTA-DEMATEL para avaliação da PE, composto por 4 fatores e 20 subfatores utilizados na literatura. Para testar sua aplicabilidade, realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma montadora do setor automotivo para avaliar o sistema produtivo, além de utilização do Delphi com 7 especialistas em PE para avaliar as interações entre os elementos. A aplicação do modelo mostrou que a empresa estudada apresentou um forte nível de implementação da PE. Porém, ele também apontou que, a empresa poderia realizar melhorias no fator Gestão de Processos (GP) para alavancar a PE no seu processo produtivo, especificamente nos subfatores Padronização das operações (S21) e Trabalhadores multifuncionais (S22). Desse modo, o modelo referencial é pertinente e adequado para avaliar o nível de implementação da PE de maneira integrada. O modelo também contribuiu para o diagnóstico do estágio atual da PE em uma empresa, além de identificar as prioridades de melhoria. Por fim, a estrutura do modelo configura-se como contribuição, visto que a empresa adotante pode utilizar seus próprios fatores e subfatores com a mesma eficácia.

The main goal of the thesis is an analysis of Swiss public transport with the intention of transport integrated system of canton Zurich and transport integrated system of Prague and their comparison. The first part of the thesis is focused on definition and characteristics of public transport and transport integrated systems. Detailed are mentioned history, statistics, organization and economics of both transport integrated systems. On theoretical basics the thesis compares some parameters of both transport systems. The thesis brings the results of the comparison of public transport of two areas, which are different from the economical and historical point of view.

With a need for rapid growth of renewable energy sources like photovoltaics, there will also be a competition of land. Agriculture and solar energy share the same optimum conditions of land to produce. But with a combination of the two on the same surface, a concept called agrivoltaic, that issue can be solved. This projects has investigated the possibilities of implementing an agrivoltaic system in Sweden in the near future with a focus on solar irradiation, energy production and crop selection. The decrease in solar irradiation under the panels was simulated because it is an important parameter in making these kinds of systems profitable from a crop and energy perspective. The annual energy production and energy yield was also simulated for various system designs for a comparison between the two important parameters of an agrivoltaic system.  One solar fence system, a single axis tracker system and an integrated PV system was chosen for the simulations. In general, all results of agrivoltaics is location dependent due to important differences in solar irradiance and climate. The solar fence system had the best results regarding the solar irradiance, with a decrease in the range of 3-5% and 20-28 % depending on the design. Single axis trackers had a minimum 3-8 % and maximum 40-59 % and integrated PV had a minimum 42-60% and maximum 50-75 % reduction. When the annual energy was compared with a row spacing of 12 m, the solar fence has an annual energy of 1738 kWh and single axis trackers got 2812 kWh. The results indicate that depending on what is most important for the system, the recommendations are different. If energy is more important, then the single axis tracker system can be a good fit but if it is solar irradiance, the solar fence is better. Both systems should be suitable for shade tolerant crops but if experimenting with others such as field bean and barley, the solar fence is more appropriate. The results for the integrated panels designs indicates that these designs are not a good first fit for Sweden since the reduction is greater than 50 % for most designs. Since there is only one agrivoltaic system in Sweden with results on one type of crop, there is a need for more systems with different designs and crops to be able to tell the real potential of agrivoltaics is Sweden. / För att nå nationella mål om förnybara energikällor i den svenska energimixen behövs en snabbtillväxt. Regeringen har efterfrågat en strategi för att öka de förnyelsebara energikällorna framtill 2040. Det skulle innebära en ökning av solenergin och därmed också öka konkurrensen avmarkytor. Agrivoltaics är ett koncept som kombinerar solceller och jordbruk på samma yta ochdärmed är konkurrensen av markyta inte ett problem vid implementering av sådana projekt.Detta projekt har undersökt möjligheten att implementera ett agrivoltaic system i Sverigeeftersom det har blivit ett hett ämne inom solcellsindustrin. Syftet med denna studie är att tafram ett underlag för Svea Solar som kan vara till hjälp för att avgöra vilket agrivoltaic systemsom är bäst för en första implementering i Sverige beroende på solinstrålning, energiproduktionoch val av grödor. Detta inkluderade att föra en förstudie av olika befintliga agrivoltaic systemoch intervjua tidigare jordbrukskunder till Svea Solar. Den största oron bland bönderna var hurett sådant system skulle påverka skörden, energiproduktionen och därmed ekonomin. Detta varanledningen till att solinstrålning valdes som en viktig parameter att simulera. Solceller ochfotosyntesen i växter behöver solinstrålning för att producera och därför är det en viktig faktori utformningen av ett agrivoltaic system.Solinstrålningen under utvalda system och solpaneler simulerades. Energiutbytet simuleradesockså för att kunna jämföra de båda viktiga faktorerna av ett agrivoltaic system. Ett systemmed vertikala paneler (Solar fence), ett enaxlat spårsystem (Single axis tracker system) och ettintegrerat system valdes för simuleringarna. Ett integrerat system definieras genom att en delmaterial i ett system/objekt ersätts med ett annat, i detta fall solceller. Till exempel plasten somanvända i odlingstunnlar för produktion av bland annat bär.Generellt är resultaten för agrivoltaic system plastsberoende på grund av viktiga skillnader isolinstrålning och klimat. Resultaten visade hur mycket solinstrålningen och därmed också denårliga energin minskade beroende på systemdesign. De vertikala panelerna visade på bästresultat vad gäller solinstrålningen med en minsta minskning på 3-5 % och som mest 20-28 %under hela dagen beroende på design. Enaxlade spårare hade minst 3-8 % och som mest 40-59% och integrerade systemet hade minst 42-60 % och mest 50-75 % minskning avsolinstrålningen. När den årliga energiproduktionen jämfördes med ett fast radavstånd på 12 mhade de vertikala panelerna ett årligt resultat på 1738 kWh i jämförelse med det enaxladesystemet som producerade 2812 kWh.Resultaten, från simuleringen av solinstrålning, indikerar att ett vertikalt system är bäst lämpatför att experimentera med olika grödor, skuggtåliga men också mer känsliga grödor såsom kornoch åkerböna. Enaxliga spårare är ett bra alternativ med skuggtåliga grödor om elproduktionenär den viktigaste delen av systemet, då den gav goda resultat i energisimuleringen. Resultatenför de integrerade systemen indikerar att dessa konstruktioner inte passar lika bra för Sverigeeftersom minskningen av solinstrålning är markant större.

Mobile devices for the personalized detection of health and environmental hazards are becoming the basis for futuristic sensing technologies. In recent decades, air and environmental pollution levels have risen globally. Therefore, environmental protection must be strengthened by developing sensors that detect pollutants. The monitoring of these pollutants with high spatial coverage requires inexpensive electronic gas sensors and self sustainable sensing systems that can be deployed everywhere. This dissertation reports on technological developments to provide solutions for inexpensive, compact, power efficient, and easily deployable toxic gas sensors and integrated systems using semiconducting metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). The first part of the dissertation introduces the fabrication and characterization of an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT as a toxic gas sensor. In contrast to existing metal-oxide gas sensors, which are active either with light activation or at high temperature, the developed IGZO TFT sensors are operable at room temperature and require only visible light activation to revive them after exposure to NO2. IGZO TFT sensors exhibited remarkable selectivity and sensitivity to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The second part of the dissertation introduces the design and realization of the IGZO-based fully integrated gas detectors. Unlike existing gas-sensing systems, which have discrete hardware for signal conditioning, read-out, and data acquisition, the developed integrated detectors constitute thesemodules integrated using IGZO TFT technology. The integrated detectors detect ambient NO2 gas and generate a digital output that is proportional to the ambient gas concentrations. Two types of integrated gas detectors were developed that differ in their mode of operation and circuitry design. These detectors are scalable and pave the way for portable systems to realize various gas-sensing applications, including smart cities and sustainable ecosystems. The success of personalized monitoring devices relies on the following factors: minimum power consumption, selectivity, and stability under extreme conditions that determine overall performance. One of the best solutions to minimize power consumption in these devices is to have a complementary energy-harvesting feature. Hence, the dissertation concludes with the design of self-powered sensors, which are IGZO sensors with self-powering capabilities. Self-powered sensors are p-n heterojunction sensors, developed using IGZO and hybrid-perovskites.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Este trabalho busca entender o processo de implementação de sistema integrado para gestão de contratos de obras de edificações em empresas de construção civil e tem como objetivo apresentar os motivos para a implementação, bem como a aplicação das práticas de gestão no mesmo, tomando-se como base o EBS Ebusiness suite, que representa essa classe de sistemas. Tendo em vista que os sistemas integrados possuem conceitos de gestão de projetos embutidos, também são definidas e diagnosticadas as práticas para gestão de contratos e apresentados os níveis de gestão e os principais macroprocessos de empresas construtoras, já que o sistema integrado deverá permear entre eles. Para a elaboração do trabalho foram realizadas revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas com profissionais da área de planejamento e controle e da área de implementação de sistemas, estudos empíricos e exploratórios acerca do processo de implementação de sistemas, além de três estudos de caso em empresas construtoras que fizeram a implementação do sistema (EBS) recentemente. Como resultado principal deste estudo são identificados os aspectos do processo de implementação, a estratégia das construtoras e os critérios estabelecidos, sendo propostas diretrizes que poderão contribuir para a implementação de sistemas de gestão em outras empresas construtoras. / The present work seeks to understand the process of implementation of integrated system for building contracts management in construction companies and intends to show the motivations to implement an integrated system and the application of management practices as well taking as basis EBS E-Business Suite, representing the system class. Considering those integrated system have embedded management of projects concepts, the practices for contracts management are identified and the levels of management presented along with the key macro processes of construction companies since the integrated system should infuse among them. To elaborate this work literature review, interviews with professionals in planning and control area and implementation system, empirical and exploratory studies of the process of system implementation are performed, plus three case studies in construction companies that recently decided to implement the system (EBS). As result of this work aspects of the implementation process, the strategy and criteria established by the construction companies are identified, proposing guidelines that could contribute to the implementation of management system in other construction companies.