Uppsatsen behandlar den flygtaktiska stabens anpassning till CJTF konceptet i samband med förändringen av Försvarsmaktens högkvarter 2007. Erfarenheter visar att förändring av en komplex offentlig organisation till struktur och arbetssätt tar lång tid och att strukturen är enklare att förändra än arbetssätt. Utifrån erfarenheterna om det svåra att förändra arbetssätten har en hypotes formulerats för att undersöka om den flygtaktiska staben endast förändrats till struktur. Syftet med undersökningen är att pröva hypotesen utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv på organisationsförändring, ett instrumentellt perspektiv. Förhoppningen är att kunna bidra med kunskap inför framtida förändringar. Resultatet bekräftar erfarenheterna om svårigheten med att förändra arbetssätt. Dessutom visar resultatet att en av anledningarna till svårigheterna kan förklaras med att tiden till förberedelser ofta inte är tillräckliga. / This study performs a theoretical analysis of the Air Component Command’s adaption with the CJTF-concept during an organizational change of the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in 2007. Common experiences show that organizational changes of complex governmental organizations are difficult to perform because changes of structure and methods often take a long time.  It also shows that structure is easier to change than method. Based on these common experiences especially regarding the difficulty in changing methods a hypothesis has been formed to support the study about whether the ACC´s adaption only is done by structural means. The purpose with this study is to test the hypothesis from one theoretical perspective of organizational changes, the instrumental perspective. The result will hopefully contribute with knowledge on the eve of future organizational changes. The conclusion of this study confirms experiences about the difficulty in organizational changes, especially regarding methods. It also shows that one of the most obvious reasons seems to be the lack of available time for preparation.

Universal Business Language (UBL) is an initiative to develop common business document schemas to provide standardization in the electronic business domain. However, businesses operate in different industry, geopolitical, and regulatory contexts and consequently they have different rules and requirements for the information they exchange. In this thesis, we provide semantic enrichment mechanisms for UBL that (i) allow automated customization of document schemas in response to contextual needs and (ii) maintain interoperability among different schema versions. For this purpose, we develop ontologies to provide machine processable representations for context domains, annotate custom components using classes from those ontologies and show that using these semantic annotations, automated discovery of components and automated customization of schemas becomes possible. We then provide a UBL Component Ontology that represents the semantics of individual components and their structural relationships and show that when an ontology reasoner interprets the expressions from this ontology, it computes equivalence and class-subclass relationships between classes representing components with similar content. Finally we describe how these computed relationships are used by a translation mechanism to establish interoperability among schema versions customized for different business context values.

In this work an electronic warfare system is restructured to service oriented architecture. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm that realizes rapid and low cost system development. The most important characteristics of SOA are standard based interoperability, which allows services developed on different platforms to run together, and dynamic composition via discovery, which provides dynamic composition of application at runtime using the existing services. The old warfare system that was developed by ASELSAN Inc. contained embedded software and was designed using traditional object oriented techniques. In this thesis, we have extracted services out of the system and restructured the warfare system based on service oriented principles. In this thesis, we have focused on the dramatic effect of reusability when SOA is introduced to the electronic warfare system. To understand the effect of service orientation, the new system is evaluated in terms of line of code, memory consumption and extra CORBA interface communication overhead.

Interoperability between Geographic Information System (GIS) of different infrastructure companies is still a problem to be handled. Infrastructure companies deal with many operations as a part of their daily routine such as a regular maintenance, or sometimes they deal with unexpected situations such as a malfunction due to natural event, like a flood or an earthquake. These situations may affect all companies and affected infrastructure companies response to these effects. Responses may result in consequences and in order to model these consequences on GIS, GISs are able to share information, which brings the interoperability problem into the scene. The present research, aims at finding an answer to interoperability problem between GISs of different companies by considering contextual information. During the study, the geographical features are handled as the major concern and interoperability problem is examined by targeting them. The model constructed in this research is based on the ontology and because the meaning of the terms in the ontology depends on the context, ontology based context modeling is also used. v In this research, a system implementation is done for two different GISs of two

<p>In order to develop and secure the functionality of its cellular communications systems, Ericsson deals with numerous R&D and I&V activities. One important aspect is interoperability with mobile terminals from different vendors on the world market. Therefore Ericsson co-operates with mobile platform and user equipment manufacturers. These companies visit the interoperability developmental testing (IoDT) laboratories in Linköping to test their developmental products and prototypes in order to certify compliance with Ericsson's products. The knowledge exchange is mutual, Ericsson as well as the user equipment manufacturers benefit from the co-operation.</p><p>The goal of this master's thesis performed at Ericsson AB is to suggest areas in which the IoDT testing can be automated in order to minimize time consuming and tedious work tasks. Primarily the search should be aimed at replacing manual tasks in use today.</p><p>The thesis suggests a number of IoDT tasks that might be subject for automation. Among these one is chosen for implementation. The thesis also includes an implementation part. The task that has been chosen for implementation is the network verification after base station controller software upgrade procedure. This is not a core IoDT function but it implies a lot of work, and is often performed.</p><p>The automation project is also supposed to act as a springboard for future automation within IoDT. The forthcoming LTE standard will require a lot of IoDT testing, and therefore the automation capabilities should be investigated. The thesis shows that automation work is possible, and that the startup process is straightforward. Existing tools are easy to use, and well supported. The network verification automated test scope has been successful.</p>

ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper discusses the current development of all-in-one telemetry displays. This system provides a self-configuring environment utilizing common telemetry display objects that setup and deploy. Often range display systems require frequent revision to reason with changing requirements. The display is rendered accordingly as a strip-chart equivalent or other element, per requirements from a flight safety officer for example. Our reusable code system approach is based on a novel abstraction of the display elements. The approach may be deployed beyond the decommutation stage as is typically done or interface directly to a plug in software decommutator. This system's plug-and-play functionality facilitates rapid deployment of interoperable Department of Defense (DOD) range displays and recorders.

Lighting simulation contribute readily to the synthesis of high performance lighting designs. Unfortunately there exist several issues impeding the pervasive use of lighting simulation, including: Most of the time in preparing lighting simulations is spent towards the input of existing but non-interoperable information between different tools. Lighting simulation tools do not complement integrated building design processes where the design solution is progressively developed in multiple disciplines concurrently; lighting simulation tools require design information (attributes) that may not yet be defined, and is non-interoperable with other tools. . Disparate tools with vastly different technical approaches available for different stages of the building design process do not allow consistent or meaningful performance comparisons between design versions, and similarly makes design performance progress tracking between design versions difficult. Lighting simulation tools provide radiance and irradiance values as simulation results, and much time and manual effort is required to process these results into operative information, information that is directly applicable in making design decisions. Lighting simulation tools employ outdated rendering techniques that are inadequate in evaluating highly-reflected irradiance, a typical feature in high performance building designs. While there remain other shortcomings in lighting simulation tools as identified by contemporary research3, the issues above relate closely to the overall effort and time-cost factors attributed to using simulation tools, which has been consistently identified as obstacles towards using simulation tools. This research seeks to reduce the effort and time-cost required to conduct lighting simulation by addressing the issues above. Case studies of actual design scenarios are used to establish quantitatively the effort and time costs baselines for comparison. The effort and time reduction goal is structured as the following objectives in a new lighting design support tool: Reduce the time and effort to set up and conduct lighting simulation by using interoperable information (building information models) from design modeling tools. Complement integrated design processes by supporting design models of varying completeness5, in a format that is interoperable with tools from other disciplines in the design team. All information, including assumptions, must be consistent across all disciplines. Provide ability to use performance metrics and consistent technical approaches throughout design stages, regardless of completeness of design model. Provide operative information with minimum user effort. Implement a first principle-based rendering technique that handles high performance building designs well, and produce simulation results within reasonable time constraints. By meeting these objectives, the new lighting design tool is able to automate much of the previously manual, time-consuming, and disparate efforts in lighting simulation, thus reducing the effort and time-cost. By sharing interoperable information with other tools across the design team, the new lighting design tool is integrated. The new tool is also scalable in being able to support models of varying completeness throughout all design stages.

The increasing complexity of net-centric warfare requires assets to cooperate to achieve mission success. Such cooperation requires the integration of many heterogeneous systems into an interoperable system-of-systems (SoS). Interoperability can be considered a metric of an architecture, and must be understood as early as the conceptual design phase. This thesis approaches interoperability by first creating a general definition of interoperability, identifying factors that affect it, surveying existing models of interoperability, and identifying fields that can be leveraged to perform a measurement, including reliability theory and graph theory. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of the Architectural Resource Transfer and Exchange Measurement of Interoperability for Systems of Systems, or ARTEMIS methodology. ARTEMIS first outlines a quantitative measurement of system pair interoperability using reliability in series and in parallel. This step incorporates operational requirements and the capabilities of the system pair. Next, a matrix of interoperability values for each resource exchange in an operational process is constructed. These matrices can be used to calculate the interoperability of a single resource exchange, IResource, and layered to generate a weighted adjacency matrix of the entire SoS. This matrix can be plugged in to a separate model to link interoperability with the mission performance of the system of systems. One output of the M&S is a single value ISoS that can be used to rank architecture alternatives based on their interoperability. This allows decision makers to narrow down a large design space quickly using interoperability as one of several criteria, such as cost, complexity, or risk. A canonical problem was used to test the methodology. A discrete event simulation was constructed to model a small unmanned aircraft system performing a search and rescue mission. Experiments were performed to understand how changing the systems' interoperability affected the overall interoperability; how the resource transfer matrices were layered; and if the outputs could be calculated without time- and computationally-intensive stochastic modeling. It was found that although a series model of reliability could predict a range of IResource, M&S is required to provide exact values useful for ranking. Overall interoperability ISoS can be predicted using a weighted average of IResource, but the weights must be determined by M&S. Because a single interoperability value based on performance is not unique to an architecture configuration, network analysis was conducted to assess further properties of a system of systems that may affect cost or vulnerability of the network. The eigenvalue-based Coefficient of Networked Effects (CNE) was assessed and found to be an appropriate measure of network complexity. Using the outputs of the discrete event simulation, it was found that networks with higher interoperability tended to have more networked effects. However, there was not enough correlation between the two metrics to use them interchangeably. ARTEMIS recommends that both metrics be used to assess a networked SoS. This methodology is of extreme value to decision-makers by enabling trade studies at the SoS level that were not possible previously. It can provide decision-makers with information about an architecture and allow them to compare existing and potential systems of systems during the early phases of acquisition. This method is unique because it does not rely on qualitative assessments of technology maturity or adherence to standards. By enabling a rigorous, objective mathematical measurement of interoperability, decision-makers will better be able to select architecture alternatives that meet interoperability goals and fulfill future capability requirements.

Today's dynamic language systems have grown to include features that resemble features of operating systems. It may be possible to improve on both by unifying a language system with an operating system. Complete unification does not appear possible in the near-term, so an intermediate system is described. This intermediate system uses a common call graph to allow components in arbitrary languages to interact as easily as components in the same language. Potential benefits of such a system include significant improvements in interoperability, improved reusability and backward compatibility, simplification of debugging and some administrative tasks, and distribution over a cluster without any changes to application code.

Usar metadatos para referenciar, etiquetar y describir recursos es cada vez más usual. Esto permite establecer mejores mecanismos para descubrir y localizar material publicado en repositorios públicos accesibles por la Red. Se están llevando a cabo diversas iniciativas para establecer estándares para esquemas de metadatos, pero cada una se centra en sus propios requerimientos a la hora de definir los atributos, su significado, los posibles valores que pueden tomar y la relación entre ellos. Desde el punto de vista del usuario que pretende buscar recursos en distintos entornos, esto constituye un problema real, porque le obliga a disponer de las herramientas apropiadas para cada caso, o ser consciente de las diferencias que existen entre ellos. En este trabajo de tesis se presenta y valida un modelo de interoperabilidad entre diferentes esquemas de metadatos en el plano semántico, adecuado para entornos de búsqueda de material, cuya principal aportación es que ofrece dicha interoperabilidad de forma transparente. Ni los proveedores de contenidos, que son los que ofrecen los metadatos, ni los usuarios, que son los que los consultan, tienen que ser conscientes de su existencia, permitiendo así que todos los actores presentes en el sistema sigan usando su propio esquema de metadatos. Para ello, el modelo requiere de la presencia de un agente externo que lo implemente. / Fer servir metadades per a referenciar, etiquetar i descriure recursos és cada cop més usual. Això permet establir millors mecanismes per a descobrir i localitzar material publicat en repositoris públics accessibles per la xarxa. S'estan duent a terme diverses iniciatives per a establir estàndards per a esquemas de metadades, però cada un es centra en els seus propis requeriments a l'hora de definir els atributs, el seu significat, els possibles valors que poden tenir, i la relació entre ells. Des del punt de vista de l'usuari que pretén buscar recursos a diferents entorns, això esdevé un problema real, perquè li obliga a disposar de les eines apropiades per a cada cas, o ser conscient de les diferències que existeixen entre els diferents entorns.En aquest treball de tesi es presenta i valida un model d'interoperabilitat entre diferents esquemes de metadades en el pla semàntic, adequat per a entorns de cerca de material, la principal aportació del qual és que ofereix aquesta interoperabilitat de forma transparent. Ni els proveïdors de continguts, que són els que ofereixen les metadades, ni els usuaris, que són els que les consulten, han de ser conscients de la seva existència, permetent així que tots els actors presents al sistema segueixin emprant el seu propi esquema de metadades. Per a fer-ho, el model requereix la presència d'un agent extern que ho implementi. / Using metadata for referencing, tagging and describing resources is becoming more and more usual. This allows better ways of searching and discovering material published in public repositories, accessible through the net. Several initiatives are being carried out for establishing standards for metadata schemes, but each on focuses on their own requirements when defining the attributes, their meaning, the possible values they can have and the relation among them. From the point of view of the user who wants to search for resources in different environments, this is a real problem, because he is supposed to have proper tools for each situation, or he must know about the differences among them.In this thesis an interoperability model at a semantic level is presented and validated. It is suitable for the search process, and its main contribution is that the interoperability is achieved in a transparent way. Neither the providers, who offer the metadata, nor the users, who look them up, have to be aware of the differences among them. Thus, all the actors in the environment can keep on using their own scheme. The model also specifies the existence of an agent to implement it.