Society's newfound dependence on wireless transmission systems has driven demand for access to the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum to an all-time high. In particular, wireless applications related to the fifth generation (5G) of cellular technology along with statically allocated radar systems have contributed to the increasing scarcity of the sub 6 GHz frequency bands. As a result, development of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) techniques for sharing these frequencies has become a critical research area for the greater wireless community. Since among incumbent systems, radars are the largest consumers of spectrum in the sub 6 GHz regime, and are being used increasingly for civilian applications such as traffic control, adaptive cruise control, and collision avoidance, the need for radars which can adaptively tune specific transmission parameters in an intelligent manner to promote coexistence with other systems has arisen. Thus, fully-aware, dynamic, cognitive radar has been proposed as target for radars to evolve towards. In this thesis, we extend current research thrusts towards cognitive radar to utilize Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques which allow a radar system to learn desired behavior using information obtained from past transmissions. Since radar systems inherently interact with their electromagnetic environment, it is natural to view the use of reinforcement learning techniques as a straightforward extension to previous adaptive techniques. However, in designing learning algorithms for radar systems, we must carefully define goal-driven rewards, formalize the learning process, and consider an appropriate amount of environmental information. In this thesis, we apply well-established and emerging reinforcement learning approaches to meet the demands of modern radar coexistence problems. In particular, function estimation using deep neural networks is examined, as Deep RL presents a scalable learning framework which allows many environmental states to be considered in the decision-making process. We then show how these techniques can be used to improve traditional radar performance metrics, such as interference avoidance, spectral efficiency, and target detectibility with simulated and experimental results. We also compare the learning techniques to each other and naive approaches, such as fixed bandwidth radar and avoiding interference reactively. Finally, online learning strategies are considered which aim to balance the fundamental learning trade-off between exploration and exploitation. We show that online learning techniques can be used to select individual waveforms or applied as a high-level controller in a hierarchical learning scheme based on the biologically inspired concept of metacognition. The general use of RL techniques provides a robust framework for decision making under uncertainty that is more flexible than previously proposed cognitive radar strategies. Further, the wide array of RL models and algorithms allow the underlying structure to be applied to both small and large-scale radar scenarios. / Master of Science / Society's newfound dependence on wireless transmission systems has driven demand for control of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum to an all-time high. In particular, federal spectrum auctions and the fifth generation of wireless technologies have contributed to the scarcity of frequency bands below 6GHz. These frequencies are widely used by both radar and communications systems due to favorable propagation characteristics. However, current radar systems typically occupy a fixed bandwidth and are tend to be poorly equipped to share their allocated spectrum with other users, which has become a necessity given the growth of wireless traffic. In this thesis, we study learning algorithms which enable a radar to optimize its electromagnetic pulses based on feedback from received signals. In particular, we are interested in reinforcement learning algorithms which allow a radar to learn optimal behavior based on rewards defined by a human. Using these algorithms, radar system designers can choose which metrics may be most important for a given radar application which can then be optimized for the given setting. However, scaling reinforcement learning to real-world problems such as radar optimization is often difficult due to the massive scope of the problem. Here we attempt to identify potential issues with implementation of each algorithm and narrow in on algorithms that are well-suited for real-time radar operation.

Cette thèse propose l’utilisation de l’alignement d'ontologies pour contribuer à l'interopérabilité d’une fédération d’entreprises en se basant sur l'interopérabilité des données au niveau sémantique. Une approche d'alignement basée sur des modèles d’ontologie utilisant les mots noyaux est proposée en réponse aux problèmes et aux défis existants, visant ainsi à améliorer la capacité d'adaptation et la précision dans la mise en correspondance de concepts. De plus une étape d'agrégation des « matchers » analytique, qui permet de combiner automatiquement plusieurs adaptateurs et d'améliorer les résultats combinés, vient compléter l’approche. Un système prototype a été mis en œuvre à l’issue des travaux conceptuels pour la validation de l’approche proposée. Les expériences démontrent que l’approche proposée a obtenu des résultats prometteurs et a atteint les objectifs escomptés sur la définition de proximité des concepts. L'approche d'alignement d’ontologies proposée et le système de prototype mis en œuvre ont enfin été appliqués à une architecture dirigée par les ontologies et axée sur l'interrogation des données de plusieurs bases de données relationnelles. / This thesis brings ontology alignment to contribute to federated enterprise interoperability focusing on data interoperability at the semantic level. In response to existing problems and challenges, aiming at improving the matching ability and precision, a pattern-based core word ontology alignment approach is proposed, as well as an analytic matcher aggregation approach, which allows combining the multiple matchers automatically and improve the combined results. A prototype system is implemented for validation and further application based on the proposed approaches. The experiments suggest that the proposed approaches obtained promising results and reached expected goals. The proposed ontology alignment approach and implemented prototype system are applied to an ontology-driven architecture for querying data from multiple relational databases.

[ES] Internet de las Cosas (IoT) es un paradigma tecnológico que está transformando y revolucionando el mundo en el cual vivimos, liderando la transformación digital y generando enormes posibilidades desde el punto de vista tecnológico que pueden solucionar grandes problemas y retos en nuestra sociedad y efectuar cambios profundos en nuestra economía e industria, y transformar nuestra vida cotidiana . Sin embargo, para poder obtener estos grandes beneficios y explotar todo su potencial todavía hace falta abordar y resolver grandes retos tecnológicos asociados. La interoperabilidad es el mayor reto tecnológico del paradigma IoT, conjuntamente con la seguridad, a causa de la vasta heterogeneidad inherente del universo IoT a todos los niveles y la falta de una estandarización global aceptada de facto capaz de alinear sus diferentes elementos y aspectos, que actualmente no se considera viable conseguir. La capacidad de elementos y sistemas de comunicarse y compartir información de manera efectiva entre ellos habilita intercambios de información relevante, coordinación o cooperación entre sí y sinergias. La fragmentación de la información de sistemas IoT y falta inherente de interoperabilidad en este paradigma causa graves problemas económicos y tecnológicos, e impide las sinergias entre sistemas. Se considera que la carencia de interoperabilidad es el mayor obstáculo para la formación de un ecosistema global de IoT, un hito en la transformación digital, puesto que impide la integración horizontal de mercados verticales y deja una gran fragmentación entre los sistemas basados en información obtenida con la tecnología IoT. IoT, uno de los paradigmas o habilitadores clave de la transformación digital, está enormemente limitada por carencias de interoperabilidad, que impiden su crecimiento, evolución y despliegue de todo su potencial. Es absolutamente crítico resolver el problema de falta intrínseca de interoperabilidad entre plataformas IoT para poder avanzar tecnológicamente hacia el Internet del Futuro, la Nueva Generación de IoT y la digitalización del mundo. La habilitación de la interoperabilidad entre sistemas y a lo largo de los sistemas, para conseguir un ecosistema interconexionado global, es un reto complejo y de múltiples facetas. Entre ellas, la interoperabilidad semántica, que implica el entendimiento completo, automático y sin ambigüedades de la información compartida entre sistemas, es singularmente compleja de obtener entre plataformas IoT a causa de la alta heterogeneidad entre sus modelos de información. En esta tesis se abarca el estudio, diseño, especificación, implementación y validación de habilitadores digitales (herramientas tecnológicas que promueven la digitalización del mundo) para establecer interoperabilidad en IoT en diferentes niveles (técnico, sintáctico, semántico) con especial enfoque en la interoperabilidad semántica entre plataformas heterogéneas, uno de los retos técnicos más complejos actualmente en IoT. También se abordan en el estudio y construcción de estos habilitadores temas a resolver de Internet del Futuro y la Nueva Generación de Internet de las Cosas. / [CA] Internet de les Coses (IoT) és un paradigma tecnològic que està transformant i revolucionant el món en el qual vivim, liderant la transformació digital i generant enormes possibilitats des del punt de vista tecnològic que poden solucionar grans problemes i reptes en la nostra societat i efectuar canvis profunds en la nostra economia i indústria, i transformar la nostra vida quotidiana. No obstant això, per a poder obtindre aquests grans beneficis i explotar tot el seu potencial encara fa falta abordar i resoldre grans reptes tecnològics associats. La interoperabilitat és el major repte tecnològic del paradigma IoT, conjuntament amb la seguretat, a causa de la vasta heterogeneïtat inherent de l'univers IoT a tots els nivells i la falta d'una estandardització global acceptada de facto capaç d'alinear els seus diferents elements i aspectes, que actualment no es considera viable aconseguir. La capacitat d'elements i sistemes de comunicar-se i compartir informació de manera efectiva entre ells habilita intercanvis d'informació rellevant, coordinació o cooperació entre si i sinergies. La fragmentació de la informació de sistemes IoT i falta inherent d'interoperabilitat en aquest paradigma causa greus problemes econòmics i tecnològics, i impedeix les sinergies entre sistemes. Es considera que la manca d'interoperabilitat és el major obstacle per a la formació d'un ecosistema global de IoT, una fita en la transformació digital, ja que impedeix la integració horitzontal de mercats verticals i deixa una gran fragmentació entre els sistemes basats en informació obtinguda amb la tecnologia IoT. La IoT, un dels paradigmes o habilitadors clau de la transformació digital, està enormement limitada per manques d'interoperabilitat, que impedeixen el seu creixement, evolució i desplegament de tot el seu potencial. És absolutament crític resoldre el problema de falta intrínseca d'interoperabilitat entre plataformes IoT per a poder avançar tecnològicament cap a la Internet del Futur, la Nova Generació de IoT i la digitalització del món. L'habilitació de la interoperabilitat entre sistemes i al llarg dels sistemes, per a aconseguir un ecosistema interconnectat global, és un repte complex i de múltiples facetes. Entre elles, la interoperabilitat semàntica, que implica l'enteniment complet, automàtic i sense ambigüitats de la informació compartida entre sistemes, és singularment complexa d'obtindre entre plataformes IoT a causa de l'alta heterogeneïtat entre els seus models d'informació. En aquesta tesi s'abasta l'estudi, disseny, especificació, implementació i validació d'habilitadors digitals (eines tecnològiques que promouen la digitalització del món) per a establir interoperabilitat en IoT en diferents nivells (tècnic, sintàctic, semàntic) amb especial enfocament en la interoperabilitat semàntica entre plataformes heterogènies, un dels reptes tècnics més complexos actualment en IoT. També s'aborden en l'estudi i construcció d'aquests habilitadors temes a resoldre d'Internet del Futur i la Nova Generació d'Internet de les Coses. / [EN] The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological paradigm that is transforming and revolutionising the world we live in, leading the digital transformation and generating enormous technological possibilities that could solve major challenges in our society, effect profound changes in our economy and industry and transform our daily lives. However, in order to realise these great benefits and exploit IoT's full potential, there are major associated technological challenges to be addressed and solved. Interoperability is the biggest technological challenge of the IoT paradigm, together with security, because of the vast inherent heterogeneity in IoT at all levels and the lack of a de facto global standard capable of aligning its different elements and aspects, which is currently not considered feasible to achieve. The ability of elements and systems to communicate and share information effectively with each other enables exchanges of relevant information, coordination or cooperation with each other and synergies. The fragmentation of information in IoT systems and inherent lack of interoperability in this paradigm causes serious economic and technological problems, and prevents synergies between systems. The lack of interoperability is considered to be the biggest obstacle to the formation of a global IoT ecosystem, a milestone in the digital transformation, as it prevents horizontal integration of vertical markets and leaves a large fragmentation between systems based on IoT-derived information. IoT, one of the key paradigms or enablers of digital transformation, is severely constrained by interoperability gaps, which impede its growth, evolution and deployment of its full potential. It is absolutely critical to solve the problem of intrinsic lack of interoperability between IoT platforms in order to move technologically towards the Future Internet, the Next Generation IoT and the digitisation of the world. The enablement of interoperability between and across systems to achieve a globally interconnected ecosystem is a complex and multi-faceted challenge. Among them, semantic interoperability, which implies an automatic unambiguous understanding of the information shared between systems, is hardly feasible between IoT platforms due to the high heterogeneity of information models. This thesis covers the study, design, specification, implementation and validation of digital enablers to establish IoT interoperability at different levels (technical, syntactic, semantic) with special focus on semantic interoperability between heterogeneous platforms, one of the most complex technical challenges currently in IoT. The study and construction of these enablers also address issues to solve in the Future Internet and the Next Generation of the Internet of Things. / González Usach, R. (2022). Diseño, especificación, implementación y validación de habilitadores digitales para la interoperabilidad de plataformas de Internet de las cosas (IoT) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181643

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KERLLA DE SOUZA LUZ OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1568205 bytes, checksum: bce8e961721a4346ba548c8f58ba336a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-29 / This work evaluates the coverage of a WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network), with characteristics of a system WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability will be Microwave Access) operating in 5.8GHz, in accordance with the used modulation. In order to reach this goal, predictions of field covering were used and measurements were made. The modulation of a adaptative antenna depends on the value of the received power and the attenuation of this power varies according to the region where the signal propagates. In this work the distribution of the modulation in the coverage area was evaluated using the Shadowing model to describe the attenuation of the signal in accordance with the considered environment. As a result, it could be observed the association of areas with two types of possible modulation due to the overlap of modulation bands generated by the standard deviation of the signal medium value. / Este trabalho avalia a cobertura de uma WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network), com caracter?sticas de um sistema WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) operando em 5.8GHz, de acordo com a modula??o utilizada. Para tanto, empregaram-se tanto predi??es de cobertura quanto medidas de campo. A modula??o de uma antena depende do valor da pot?ncia recebida e a atenua??o desta pot?ncia varia de acordo com a regi?o por onde o sinal se propaga. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a mudan?a da modula??o dentro da ?rea de cobertura, utilizando-se o modelo de Shadowing para descrever a atenua??o do sinal de acordo com o ambiente considerado. Como resultado p?de-se observar a associa??o de ?reas com dois tipos de modula??es poss?veis, devido ?s faixas de sobreposi??o de modula??o geradas pelo desvio padr?o do valor m?dio do sinal.

Digitaliseringens utveckling genomsyrar stora delar av samhället där informationsteknologi bidragit till tidigare otänkbara möjligheter och fördelar. I dagsläget har organisationer rationaliserat flertalet affärsprocesser där teknologin anses utgöra en fundamental utgångspunkt. Informationsteknologins framfart medför förändringar kring kommunikation där begreppet interoperabilitet introduceras som: samverkan mellan två eller fler system med motivet att utbyta information. Vidare har cirkulär ekonomi erhållit mer uppmärksamhet under senare år där motivet är att förbättra problematiken kring resurshantering och återvinning. Den här studien syftar till att skapa grunden för utformningen av ett informationssystem med stöd av ett interoperabilitetsramverk där motivet är att understödja verksamheter vid sambokningstransporter. Det här har genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ forskningsansats där intervjuer har nyttjats som datainsamlingsmetod där studien har avgränsats till mikro-, små- och medelstora organisationer. Dessa är belägna inom en glest befolkad kommun i Sverige där företagsrepresentanter från Orust kommun bidragit med empirisk data. / The evolution of digitization permeates large parts of society where information technology has contributed to previously unthinkable possibilities and benefits. At present, organizations have rationalized most business processes where technology is considered to be a fundamental starting point. The advancement of information technology brings about changes in communication where the concept of interoperability is introduced as: collaboration between two or more systems with the purpose of exchanging information. In addition, circular economics have gained more attention in recent years, the purpose of which is to improve the problem of resource management and recycling. This study aims to provide the basis for the design of an information system, supported by an interoperability framework, with the purpose of supporting co-transport activities. This has been done using a qualitative research effort where interviews have been used as a data collection method in which the study has been delimited to micro, small and medium-sized organizations. These are located within a sparsely populated municipality in Sweden, where business representatives from Orust Municipality contributed empirical data.

Ce travail entre dans le cadre de la problématique générale du développement de l’interopérabilité d’entreprise. De nombreux modèles, méthodes, méthodologies et outils existants pour aider une organisation, une entreprise, ou plus généralement un système, à développer l’interopérabilité avec ses partenaires. Cependant, la plupart des approches existantes portent principalement sur les solutions informatiques. Des recherches fondamentales en amont permettant de caractériser et mesurer le potentiel d’une entreprise à interopérer sont encore largement insuffisantes. Cette thèse s’intéresse en particulier à la définition des métriques pour évaluer le potentiel de l’interopérabilité d’une entreprise. En se focalisant spécifiquement sur la maturité d’interopérabilité, un modèle de maturité pour l’interopérabilité d’entreprise (MMEI) a été élaboré. Le MMEI est basé sur les modèles de maturité existants et couvre les principaux aspects et dimensions de l’interopérabilité d’entreprise. Les théories scientifiques existantes, notamment la théorie générale du système, considérée comme la plus pertinente pour l’interopérabilité, ont été étudiées et leurs concepts de base ont été pris en compte. Une ontologie, permettant de définir formellement le domaine de l’interopérabilité d’entreprise, a été également proposée. C’est sur cette ontologie que le MMEI a été construit et développé. / This work fits within the framework of the general problematic of the enterprise interoperability development. Many models, methods, methodologies and tools exist to help an organization, an enterprise, or more generally a system, to develop interoperability with its partners. However, most of existing works in this domain have been done to develop operational solutions to solve interoperability problems. Basic and fundamental researches, allowing characterizing and measuring the potential of an enterprise to interoperate, are still missing. In particular, this thesis deals with the definition of metrics for evaluating enterprise interoperability. By focusing specifically on interoperability maturity, a Maturity Model for Enterprise Interoperability (MMEI) is elaborated. The proposed MMEI is based on existing relevant maturity models and extends existing works to cover all main aspects and dimensions of enterprise interoperability. Possible contribution from existing scientific theories, in particular General System Theory considered as most relevant, are investigated and core concepts are brought into MMEI. An ontology of enterprise interoperability is also proposed to formalize basic concepts of enterprise interoperability. Based on this ontology, the MMEI has been, thereafter, developed.

Increasingly flexible and efficient industrial processes and automation systems are developed by integrating computational systems and physical processes, thereby forming large heterogeneous systems of cyber-physical systems. Such systems depend on particular data models and payload formats for communication, and making different entities interoperable is a challenging problem that drives the engineering costs and time to deployment. Interoperability is typically established and maintained manually using domain knowledge and tools for processing and visualization of symbolic metadata, which limits the scalability of the present approach. The vision of next generation automation frameworks, like the Arrowhead Framework, is to provide autonomous interoperability solutions. In this thesis the problem to automatically establish interoperability between cyber-physical systems is reviewed and formulated as a mathematical optimisation problem, where symbolic metadata and message payloads are combined with machine learning methods to enable message translation and improve system of systems utility. An autoencoder based implementation of the model is investigated and simulation results for a heating and ventilation system are presented, where messages are partially translated correctly by semantic interpolation and generalisation of the latent representations. A maximum translation accuracy of 49% is obtained using this unsupervised learning approach. Further work is required to improve the translation accuracy, in particular by further exploiting metadata in the model architecture and autoencoder training protocol, and by considering more advanced regularization methods and utility optimization. / Productive 4.0

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A critical area for achieving interoperability between satellite control networks is the means chosen to interconnect Satellite Operations Centers and remote antenna systems. The CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) services are good candidates for this purpose, but national security space activities have demanding requirements for accuracy of data transfer, controlled delay, and security, which may not be fully achievable with the existing recommendations. The US Air Force developed a test bed to evaluate the SLE protocols during live satellite contacts, for both data transfer and management functions such as scheduling, configuring ground resources, and status reporting. Performance was generally satisfactory, but several extensions were found to be necessary. The SLE services provide a promising basis for use in ground stations to support both legacy Air Force interfaces and newer standards based satellite control services.

ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Space Link Extension (SLE) is a set of Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) recommended standards for extending the space link from ground stations to other spaceflight mission ground facilities over a ground network, allowing distributed access to space link telecommand and telemetry services. The currently defined and implemented SLE recommendations are oriented around a traditional CCSDS telecommand and telemetry protocol set, which uses discrete telecommand frames that are encapsulated in Communication Link Transmission Units (CLTUs) for transport over the ground segment, and telemetry data encapsulated in Transfer Frames at the spacecraft. This paper discusses several non-traditional uses of the SLE services. The applications addressed within lie outside the discrete packet telecommand/telemetry subset of the SLE recommendations that are fully defined by CCSDS. This paper will focus on the use of the currently implemented SLE model to enable the transport of other forms of data, which may be subject to various transmission constraints, across the ground segment.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / DOD flight test centers need affordable, small-format, flight-qualified digital instrumentation recording solutions to support existing and future flight testing. The Advanced Airborne Test Instrumentation System (AATIS) is today's primary data acquisition system at the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC). Digital Recorder (DR) 1995 is planned to provide full support for AATIS output capabilities and satisfy initial recording requirements for the Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS). The follow-on to the AATIS, the CAIS is a tri-service development to satisfy future DOD flight test data acquisition requirements. DR 2000 is planned as the future recording solution for CAIS and will be able to fully satisfy the 50 Mbps recording requirement. In the developments of DR 1995 and DR 2000, commonality and interoperability have emerged as significant issues. This paper presents an overview of these recording solutions and examines commonality and interoperability issues.