<p>The use of microcontrollers and FPGAs is getting more and more wide spread in electronic designs. A recent developmenthas been to implement microcontrollers onboard the FPGA, there are a lot of benefits but also disadvantages with this. Often the microcontroler requires a lot of resources in the expensive FPGA. This is where PicoBlaze, a microcontroller provided by Xilinx, fits in. It is designed with one main object, keep it as small and powerful as possible. </p><p>In this report PicoBlaze is evaluated and documented. Two implementations have been done. One smaller to show how to use PicoBlaze and one larger implementation of an Ethernet network interface. The function of the implementations have been verified on a experiment board utilizing a Virtex-II FPGA. </p><p>The conclusion is that PicoBlaze is a very powerful microcontroller in comparison to the resources it uses on the FPGA. It uses only a little more than 80 slices on a Virtex II FPGA. This is its main advantage, the disadvantages of PicoBlaze is its limited program memory and the limited address space.</p>

<p>The objective of the thesis is primarily to conform and encode a digital signal to be controlled by software. The idea is to transport today’s tracesignal through the IP-network instead of cable-net. In this report I will suggest a possible solution to get a fully passed result with no peculiar time delay. I will also suggest some ideas for a future work with the new tracesystem.</p>

<p>Nowadays, embedded systems are becoming more and more complex. For this reason, designers focus more and more to adopt component-based methods for their designs. Consequently, there is an increasing interest on modeling and verification issues of component-based embedded systems. </p><p>In this thesis, a tool, which integrates modeling, simulation and verification of component-based embedded systems, is designed and implemented. This tool uses the PRES+, Petri Net based Representation for Embedded Systems, to model component-based embedded systems. Both simulation and verification of systems are based on the PRES+ models. </p><p>This tool consists of three integrated sub-tools, each of them with a graphical interface, the PRES+ Modeling tool, the PRES+ Simulation tool and the PRES+ Verification tool. The PRES+ Modeling tool is a graphical editor, with which system designers can model component-based embedded systems easily. The PRES+ Simulation tool, which is used to validate systems, visualizes the execution of a model in an intuitive manner. The PRES+ Verification tool provides a convenient access to a model checker, in which models can be formally verified with respect to temporal logic formulas.</p>

<p>POTS (Plain Old Telephony Service) systems have traditionally been connected via synchronous connections. When installing new nodes in the telephone network, they may sometimes be connected via packet networks such as Ethernet. Ethernet is an asynchronous network which means that nodes connected to the network don’t have access to the same clock frequency if it is not provided in some other way. If two nodes have different clock frequency, the receiver’s buffer will eventually overflow or starve. While not being a severe problem for telephony, devices used for data transmission, e.g. modems and fax will not be able to function properly. To avoid this it is necessary to synchronize the nodes.</p><p>This thesis investigates methods to synchronize nodes connected over Ethernet by simulating them in Matlab. The simulations show that under certain circumstances it is possible to produce a clock signal conforming to relevant standards.</p>

<p>Critical networks require defence in depth incorporating many different security technologies including intrusion detection. One important intrusion detection approach is called anomaly detection where normal (good) behaviour of users of the protected system is modelled, often using machine learning or data mining techniques. During detection new data is matched against the normality model, and deviations are marked as anomalies. Since no knowledge of attacks is needed to train the normality model, anomaly detection may detect previously unknown attacks.</p><p>In this thesis we present ADWICE (Anomaly Detection With fast Incremental Clustering) and evaluate it in IP networks. ADWICE has the following properties:</p><p>(i) Adaptation - Rather than making use of extensive periodic retraining sessions on stored off-line data to handle changes, ADWICE is fully incremental making very flexible on-line training of the model possible without destroying what is already learnt. When subsets of the model are not useful anymore, those clusters can be forgotten.</p><p>(ii) Performance - ADWICE is linear in the number of input data thereby heavily reducing training time compared to alternative clustering algorithms. Training time as well as detection time is further reduced by the use of an integrated search-index.</p><p>(iii) Scalability - Rather than keeping all data in memory, only compact cluster summaries are used. The linear time complexity also improves scalability of training.</p><p>We have implemented ADWICE and integrated the algorithm in a software agent. The agent is a part of the Safeguard agent architecture, developed to perform network monitoring, intrusion detection and correlation as well as recovery. We have also applied ADWICE to publicly available network data to compare our approach to related works with similar approaches. The evaluation resulted in a high detection rate at reasonable false positives rate.</p> / Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic-2006:12.

<p>Bakgrund: I telecom tillverkas slutna system som inte är kompatibla med olika tillverkares produkter. Telia mfl har tagit fram en öppen standard arkitektur men står samtidigt inför frågan hur detta påverkar affärsmodellerna i telecom. </p><p>Syfte: Hur förändras affärsmodellerna då en öppen standard arkitektur införs? Avgränsningar: Uppsatsen fokuserar på nätoperatörer. </p><p>Genomförande: En kvalitativ studie med empiriskt materialet från rapporter och forskningsartiklar samt från samtal med experter i branschen. </p><p>Resultat: Affärsmodellerna påverkas i olika faser. Först kan arkitekturen användas som en multigateway som kopplar ihop många aktörer. I ett senare skede kan aktörer som bandbreddsbörser utnyttja tekniken.</p>

<p>^{Ethernet functionality testing as a generic term used for checking connectivity,throughput and capability to transfer packets over the network. Especially in the packet-switchenvironment, Ethernet testing has become an essential part for deploying a reliable network.Over a long distance Ethernet testing parameter for analyzing network performance must havetwo devices attached and synchronized.}</p><p>Saab Microwave Systems is among the leading suppliers of radar systems developing groundbased,naval and air-borne radar systems. To ensure the correct functionality, the developerwants to verify the performance of computer network and looking for a suitable solution.</p><p>A software application is required to verify and test the functionality of the Ethernet network andto verify the functionality and performance of the TCP/IP stack of newly added node. Theprograms shall be easily ported to different operating systems and must not depend on specificproduct properties.A software application, <em>“NetBurst”</em>, is developed for Ethernet functionality testing. Theapplication is vendor and platform independent.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

<p>This thesis presents research on transport layer behavior in wireless networks. As the Internet is expanding its reach to include mobile devices, it has become apparent that some of the original design assumptions for the dominant transport protocol, TCP, are approaching their limits. A key feature of TCP is the congestion control algorithm, constructed with the assumption that packet loss is normally very low, and that packet loss therefore is a sign of network congestion. This holds true for wired networks, but for mobile wireless networks non-congestion related packet loss may appear. The varying signal power inherent with mobility and handover between base-stations are two example causes of such packet loss. This thesis provides an overview of the challenges for TCP in wireless networks together with a compilation of a number of suggested TCP optimizations for these environments. A TCP modification called TCP-L is proposed. It allows an application to increase its performance, in environments where residual bit errors normally give a degraded throughput, by making a reliability tradeoff. The performance of TCP-L is experimentally evaluated with an implementation in the Linux kernel. The transport layer performance in a 4G scenario is also experimentally investigated, focusing on the impact of the link layer design and its parameterization. Further, for emulation-based protocol evaluations, controlled packet loss and bit error generation is shown to be an important aspect.</p>

<p>A2B Electronics AB is a company that develops and manufactures products and technology for digital cable television. A2B's new EXM-product family translates digital television channels from multiple source networks into a single destination network. Multiple EXM-units are connected in a system to provide a custom set of TV channels. To minimize the administrative effort, the units in a system should be able to interact and collaborate without manual intervention. The purpose of this thesis is to propose an underlying system that supports seamless interaction and collaboration between units.</p><p>The autonomic system concept has served as a foundation for the proposed solution. The requirements for the EXM-system proved to be similar to many properties of an autonomic system. The proposed solution was elaborated by answering five reseach questions. The answers describe how an autonomic system can be implemented with the prerequisites of the EXM-system. Solutions for service availability, configuration preservation, system state changes and automatic addressing and communication are provided.</p><p>The project has resulted in a proposal of a general autonomic system. The solution has also been implemented as prototype that runs both in a simulator and on the EXM-hardware. The simulator was also developed in the scope of this project as a side-effect of the limited access to EXM-hardware.</p><p>The proposed solution together with the prototype can hopefully serve as a base for projects with prerequisites similar to the project described in this thesis.</p>

<p> Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det föreligger någon skillnad mellan hur personer med diabetes typ 1 med MDI- respektive IP-behandling skattar sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet, behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om det föreligger någon skillnad mellan män och kvinnor, samt mellan kvinnor respektive män i MDI- respektive IP-gruppen, avseende hälsorelaterade livskvalitet, behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. Som instrument användes enkäten SF-36 samt en egenkonstruerad enkät med bakgrundsfrågor rörande skattning av behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. I MDI-gruppen deltog 40 deltagare och i IP-gruppen 37 deltagare. Studien har en deskriptiv jämförande design. Resultatet visade att det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad mellan MDI- och IP-gruppens skattning av hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Skillnader kunde påvisas mellan behandlingsformerna gällande behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattningen av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvalitet. IP-gruppen har en signifikant högre behandlingstillfredsställelse samt anser att behandlingsformen påverkar deras livskvalitet mer än MDI-gruppen. Kvinnor i MDI-gruppen skattade sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet signifikant lägre än män i MDI-gruppen, ingen skillnad kunde dock påvisas mellan männen och kvinnorna i IP-gruppen. Männen i MDI-gruppen skattar sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet signifikant högre än männen i IP-gruppen. Ingen skillnad kunde påvisas mellan männen i de båda grupperna gällande behandlingsstillfredsställelse eller uppfattningen av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. Kvinnorna i IP-gruppen skattade signifikant högre gällande behandlingsstillfredsställelse och uppfattningen av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten än kvinnorna i MDI-gruppen.</p><p><p><p>Kvinnorna i IP-gruppen har likartad hälsorelaterad livskvalitetsskattning som männen i samma grupp och har även en högre behandlingstillfredsställelse än kvinnor i MDI-gruppen. Slutsatsen kan vara att IP är en lämplig behandling för kvinnor</p></p></p>