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This case study described the experiences of secondary students and preservice mathematics teachers in the teaching and learning of social justice mathematics (SJM). Specifically, participants’ experiences in making connections among the mathematics curricula and the real world, perceptions about mathematics, and responses to an integrated curriculum approach were described. Students participated in SJM activities designed by preservice teacher participants: one component of a pre-existing extracurricular Social Issues Club at a high school in Southeastern Ontario. Mathematics activities, led by the researcher or one of the preservice teacher participants, were designed to complement the social justice issues that were being explored by the members of the Social Issues Club. Data were obtained through observations, questionnaires, focus group, individual interviews, written reflections, and artifacts. Results demonstrated that preservice teacher participants had unique professional and educational encounters prior to SJM that they connected to their SJM experience. Subsequent to this experience, preservice teachers suggested limited ideas about integrating curriculum into their future teaching practice beyond the content and contexts made familiar to them through SJM. With limited exposure to examples of curriculum integration identified by preservice teachers as a barrier, results suggest that preservice teachers need more opportunities to engage in mathematics curriculum integration. Students showed an expanded view of connections between mathematics and the real world through their descriptions of the various ways in which SJM had helped them to apply mathematics concepts and understand the issues they were exploring. They enjoyed SJM’s collaborative mathematics learning approach and valued the opportunity to discuss the social issues about which they were concerned. Although the preservice teachers were confident about what they thought to be topics of interest for secondary students, there was a disconnect between students’ choices of contexts for mathematics learning and the beginning teachers’ assumptions about students’ interest. This finding suggests that there is a need to support preservice teachers to understand students’ interests in mathematics learning and that students’ opinion needs to be solicited. In addition, participants’ visions about enhancing mathematics teaching and learning through collaboration and providing students with autonomy allowed suggestions for the practice of mathematics teaching. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-10-14 16:18:44.922

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A partir du milieu du XVIème siècle, les institutions municipales du royaume se sont vues dépossédées de leur compétence en matière criminelle. Or, Toulouse fait figure d’exception. L’étude que nous nous proposons de réaliser a pour objectif de pénétrer au sein de l’Hôtel de ville et dans l’esprit même des capitouls pour comprendre, dans sa matérialité la plus concrète, mais surtout d’un point de vue juridique, le fonctionnement de cette justice criminelle rendue par les magistrats municipaux. C’est l’institution municipale, les pouvoirs et les attributions des intervenants à la procédure, leurs méthodes de travail, leur discipline, les rapports entretenus par les capitouls avec les autres juridictions du royaume, mais aussi la procédure et le regard porté par ces magistrats sur la justice et sur leur propre justice qui fera l’objet d’une recherche approfondie. Cette étude a notamment pour intérêt d’étudier la justice criminelle capitulaire d’après les chroniques des Annales manuscrites. Source qui sera confrontée à d’autres, aussi diverses que possibles. / Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.

Thème brulant d'actualité et priorité nationale les enjeux de la justice marocaine ne peuvent être saisis qu'à la lueur du passé. Avant le protectorat occidental l'identité et l'esprit de tolérance de la justice s'exprimaient par le biais de son droit et de ses institutions judiciaires à caractère religieux. Le protectorat a brisé cette harmonie en découpant le territoire en plusieurs zones soumises à des institutions et à des droits européens différents coexistant avec le droit et les structures locales préexistantes. Le premier enjeu de la justice marocaine lors de l'indépendance a été de s'affranchir peu à peu de cette jungle juridique et judiciaire. Y est-elle parvenue ? C'est l'objet de la première partie. A l'heure actuelle la justice est confrontée à de nouvelles difficultés. Elle doit consolider son indépendance, devenir plus accessible, efficace et sociale, et enfin plus compétitive dans le contexte international et européen. Les efforts déjà réalisés sont-ils concluants ? La deuxième partie tente de répondre à cette question. / It is a burning topical theme and a national priority. This challenge to the Moroccan justice cannot be understood if we don’t shed a historical light on it. In fact, before the occidental protectorate, the identity and tolerance spirit of justice were expressed through its religious law and juridical institutions. The Protectorate broke this harmony by cutting the territory into several zones under different institutions and European rights that coexisted with the pre-existing law and local structures. The first challenge of the Moroccan justice during independence was to gradually overcome this legal and juridical jungle. Has it succeeded or not shall be the object of the first part. In the mean time, justice is facing new difficulties. It must consolidate its independence, becomes more accessible, efficient, social and finally more competitive in the international and European context. The efforts made so far are they conclusive? The second part will attempt to answer this question.

La Constitution charge le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature d’assister le Président de la République dans son rôle de garant de l’indépendance de l’autorité judiciaire. Il est tout à la fois un organe constitutionnel attaché à la fonction de juger et un instrument de la gestion administrative du service public de la justice. Mais une autre dimension peut être dégagée des textes et de la pratique : celle de la « représentation » des intérêts de l’autorité judiciaire.Le C.S.M. apparaît de plus en plus comme le représentant de l’ « autorité judiciaire » (non du corps des magistrats qui n’en est que sa composante), mais surtout de ses valeurs (l’unité de la magistrature, l’indépendance, la déontologie ,…). Dans cette perspective, l’étude des sources (textes et avis) montre que le Conseil, au-delà de l’institution et de ses missions, construit progressivement une représentation de ce que doit être l’autorité judiciaire et entend la défendre contre toutes formes de pression ; en ce sens il la représente.Si une partie de la doctrine voudrait élargir son champ d’action, au nom de la garantie des droits, à tous les organes qui exercent matériellement la fonction juridictionnelle, il semble judicieux que le C.S.M. demeure le représentant de la seule autorité judiciaire. En effet, sa composition pluraliste, de laïcs et magistrats, l’éloigne de la politisation et du corporatisme ; cette mise à distance posant les conditions nécessaires à la garantie de l’indépendance de l’autorité judiciaire. / The High Council of the judiciary has, according to the Constitution, the mission to assist the President of the Republic in his role as the protector of the Judicial Authority’s independence. It’s both a constitutional organ attach to the judicial function and a tool for the public service of justice’s administrative management. Yet, another dimension can be drawn from the written law as well as legal practice:“representation” the Judicial Authority’s interests. The High Council appears more and more as the representative of the “Judicial Authority” (not the body of magistrates which is only a part of it), but foremost it appears as the representative of its values (unity of the judiciary, independence, ethics, …). In this view, studying sources of the law (provisions and opinions of the High Council) shows that the High Council, beyond the institution and its missions, builds gradually an idea of what ought to be the Judicial Authority and intends to defend it against lobbying. In this meaning of the word, the High Council represents the Judicial Authority. If some legal scholars would like to see its missions broadened, in the name of Human Rights, to encompass all the organs that carry out materially judicial duties, it seems wise that the High Council stays the representative of the Judicial Authority alone. Indeed, its composition pluralist, of magistrates and outside persons, keeps it from politics and corporatism, this detachment laying the conditions needed for guarantying the Judicial Authority’s independence.

Since the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg, the first international tribunal to try individuals for international crimes, the role of victims of international crimes in international criminal proceedings has been limited to that of witnesses. The ad hoc international tribunals – the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) did not change this position. As such, the International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first international criminal tribunal to provide for the rights of victims to participate in their own right in criminal proceedings. Similarly, it is the first such tribunal to provide for the right to reparations. This thesis focuses on the right of victims to participation and to reparations under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It argues that the ICC offers an opportunity for the entrenchment of the concerns of victims in the international criminal process. However, it suggests that this depends on what framework of justice the Court adopts. The thesis further argues that previous international criminal tribunals – the IMT at Nuremberg and the ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals (ICTY, ICTR and SCSL) – operated on retributive and utilitarian theories of criminal justice that are exclusionary of and inimical to specific concerns of victims of international crimes. The largely retributive and utilitarian objects driving these systems limited victims to a peripheral status in the process and failed to address fully the harm occasioned to victims. This thesis suggests that the ICC should adopt a restorative justice paradigm in order to give full effect to the rights of victims while protecting the rights of defendants and meeting the law enforcement functions of the Court. The thesis reviewed the relevant texts – the Rome Statute, its Rules of Evidence and Procedure and other instruments – and demonstrated the fact that the ICC framework provides a basis for such a restorative justice paradigm. In order to suggest a trajectory for the operationalisation of the ICC victims’ rights regime underpinned by principles of restorative justice, the thesis attempts a systematic review of the rights of victims in criminal law processes in select domestic criminal justice systems, international human rights tribunals and other international courts. At the same time, the thesis reviews the implementation of reparations in various contexts and made suggestions as to how the ii ICC and the Victim Trust Fund (VTF) should proceed in this regard within the relevant legal and institutional framework. In relation to the right to participate, the thesis concludes that Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute – the general provision on the subject – strikes the right balance between the right of victims to participate, defence rights to an expeditious trial and the law enforcement function of the Prosecutor. However, the scope of victim participation at various stages of the proceedings will depend on, among others, the paradigm of justice adopted by the Court and, in view of the Prosecutor’s seemingly knee-jerk opposition to victim participation, the attitude adopted by the Court itself to this new right of victims to participate. The thesis reviewed relevant texts and concluded that the Rome Statute’s victims’ rights regime presupposes a restorative model of justice – understood as values and principles rather than ‘practices’ and ‘methods’ as applied in some national criminal justice systems. Restorative justice contemplates a central role for victims of crime in relevant proceedings. Henceforth, the rights of defendants must not only be weighed against the concerns of the Prosecutor but also the right of victims to participate. The thesis concluded further that the tests established for victims’ participation – appropriateness, the requirement for their personal interests to be affected and the rights of defendants – present serious challenges in view of the fact that ICC crimes for the most part will involve mass atrocity. The number of victims who may eventually participate in particular proceedings is thus very small. The thesis notes that while the provision for legal representation of victims alleviates some of the difficulties associated with participation by a varied mix of victims in complex proceedings, it may be considered as diminishing the impact of direct participation. While the scope and modes of victim participation will vary at various phases of proceedings, current jurisprudence at the ICC shows that the Court seems to favour a broad presumption of victim participation. Since full realisation by victims of the right to participate will depend on the role that the Court will play, it is crucial that the right paradigm of justice is adopted. With respect to the right to reparations, the thesis notes that this is perhaps the greatest innovation in the Rome Statute. The study found that the Rome Statute establishes two ‘focal points’ for purposes of reparations – the Court and the Victim Trust Fund (VTF) – in close relationship with each other. Drawing from the iii experience of national criminal justice systems, the thesis acknowledged the practical difficulties involved in vesting a criminal court with a reparation function will pose particular challenges for the Court. These include the need to protect the right of a defendant to a speedy trial, the presumption of innocence and to conduct efficient proceedings. Having reviewed the texts and relevant jurisprudence, the study concluded that various mechanisms, including various permissive rules and the creation of the VTF make it possible to address some of the difficulties associated with the right to reparations in the ICC. The thesis further noted that while a reading of the relevant provisions establishes the possibility of the Court and VTF instituting independent reparations schemes, it is imperative that the two collaborate in order to give full effect to that function. In any case, while Regulation 56 of the Court’s Regulations provides for the possibility of considering reparations issues during the main trial, the fact that a reparation order against an accused is dependent on finding of guilt of the accused, it necessarily means that a definitive finding on reparation has to come after that. Further, the thesis concluded that in context of mass atrocities and the possibility that numerous victims may prove the requisite links to a case to obtain reparations, holding joint proceedings would complicate and burden the trial. However, the thesis endorsed the initial view of the Court that evidence concerning reparations could, at least in part – where appropriate, and in the interest of efficiency and victims – be considered during the trial. The thesis further concluded that the VTF, which presents greater flexibility than the Court in terms of standards of proof, the requirement for criminal liability and various other mechanisms should be allowed a more prominent role in the processing of reparations. A survey of various mass reparation schemes – Holocaust reparations, South African TRC, the Rwandan Gacaca model and the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), as well as the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), a particular mass tort litigation mechanism – offer some useful lessons on a range of challenging reparation related questions. The study concluded that while the Rome Statute offers an important opportunity for victims in terms of reparations, various challenges including shortage of funds and the large number of victims requires that situation countries – those states under investigation by the ICC and from which victims are drawn – cannot abandon iv their primary responsibility of providing appropriate remedies for victims. The ICC is not, and cannot be a panacea for the concerns of victims of international crimes.

The purpose of this mixed methods longitudinal study was to explore the connection between the quality of alternative education and juvenile delinquency. The study examined two alternative education disciplinary schools in the state of Florida over six academic years. The study's goals were twofold. The first goal was to determine the impact of the implementation of quality assurance (QA) in alternative education disciplinary schools. Specifically, the study focused on determining if the QA program increased the schools' use of best practices and, as a result, positively affected the likelihood that exiting students would return to mainstream public education after exiting an alternative education school. Study findings suggest that full implementation of the QA program increased students' likelihood of returning to their home schools after being released from the alternative education disciplinary school. Furthermore, the quantitative results indicate that the implementation of QA at an alternative education school does not increase students' attendance in their home schools after their return. The second goal of this study was to determine if a high quality alternative education school would improve students' positive school experiences, thus increasing their social capital and resulting in a reduction of crime as measured by a decrease in the possibility that a student would be arrested within 12 months after being released from the alternative education school. The quantitative results indicate that partial QA implementation decreased the likelihood that students would be arrested within twelve months after exiting an alternative education disciplinary school, but full and post QA implementation did not. Overall, the findings suggest that QA does not significantly impact the likelihood of an arrest within twelve months after a student exits from an alternative education school. The study concludes with discussion of the problem of youth returning to but not remaining in their regular school because of poor regular school experiences versus positive alternative education school experiences. The policy recommendations based on the results of this study are that students at alternative education schools be allowed to remain in these schools until their graduation from high school. / A Dissertation submitted to the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2010. / Date of Defense: March 5, 2010. / Alternative Education, Delinquency / Includes bibliographical references. / Thomas G. Blomberg, Professor Directing Dissertation; Stacey Rutledge, University Representative; William Bales, Committee Member.

Tong Kwok-Kit. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Choinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-116). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.