Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaTerezinhaEstecheMaciel.pdf: 1234583 bytes, checksum: d29a84c1070608538d52dad2e202c625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / This research presents the politics of implementation of Spanish language teaching in Brazilian public schools, especially high school, according to the law 11.161, from August 5, 2005 (BRASIL, 2005). This study debates the end of the time limit to implement the law and the constant challenges to put the law into practice. The main objective was to investigate the process of implementation of the Spanish language in the curriculum of some schools in Ponta Grossa city, Paraná, Brazil. To do this investigation, it was necessary to understand the history of teaching foreign languages in Brazil, and to discuss the importance of a foreign language as a subject in the curriculum. The theory related to this discussion was based on Cury (1986), Kosik (2002) and Pêcheux (1988, 1990). Besides that, this research used the concepts of “habitus”, “field” and “cultural capital” by Bordieu, to comprehend all the movement the Spanish language teaching has caused in Brazilian culture since the 1990’s. Goodson (1995) and Saviani (1994) were also a reference to relate the Spanish language teaching to the high school curriculum. Furthermore, concerning specifically Spanish language teaching, there were other authors who were important, such as Celada (2002) and Picanço (2003). The research used the following strategies to collect information: choosing four schools in Ponta Grossa city – PR which already have added the Spanish language to their curriculum and comparing these schools to others in the same city. To access these schools, a questionnaire was used with principals. An interview was also organized with the coordinator of the Spanish area for all public schools in Ponta Grossa. The analysis of the information indicated the following: a) most schools chose the most practical way to put the law 11.161/2005 into practice; b) There are contributions of public policy, but they are not always plausible for all schools; c) the principals of the schools can contribute to promote the insertion of the Spanish language in the school curriculum; d) to insert the Spanish language in the curriculum effectively in all grades of high school in Ponta Grossa city – PR is a challenge to be overcome. / Este trabalho apresenta a política de implantação da língua espanhola na matriz curricular da Educação Básica da Rede Pública, no Ensino Médio, a partir da Lei nº 11.161, de 5 de agosto de 2005 (BRASIL, 2005). A pesquisa se justifica pelo término do prazo para a implementação da língua espanhola e a constante verificação de muitos desafios para sua real aplicabilidade. O principal objetivo foi investigar o processo de implantação da referida disciplina em algumas escolas do município de Ponta Grossa - PR. Para tanto, fez-se necessário um resgate histórico do ensino de línguas estrangeiras (LEs) no Brasil, assim como uma reflexão sobre o papel da língua estrangeira como disciplina curricular. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizados autores como Cury (1986), Kosik (2002) e Pêcheux (1988, 1990). O presente estudo recorreu, também, aos conceitos de habitus, campo e capital cultural de Bourdieu, a fim de compreender toda a movimentação causada no brasileiro com relação à língua espanhola, a partir da década de 1990. Goodson (1995) e Saviani (1994) foram utilizados para relacionar a língua espanhola com o currículo do Ensino Médio. Ainda, contribuíram para a pesquisa os estudos de autores que tratam especificamente da língua espanhola, como Celada (2002) e Picanço (2003). A pesquisa envolveu as seguintes estratégias de coletas de dados:seleção de quatro escolas do município de Ponta Grossa - PR com implantação da língua espanhola de forma diferenciada e como exemplo de como ocorre nas outras escolas do mesmo município. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o questionário aplicado às direções dos respectivos estabelecimentos de ensino. Também foi realizada uma entrevista com a coordenadora de espanhol no Núcleo Regional de Educação de Ponta Grossa. A análise dos dados indicou como resultados da pesquisa: a) a maioria dos estabelecimentos de ensino optou pela maneira mais prática de aplicar a Lei nº 11.161/2005; b) há contribuições das políticas públicas, mas nem sempre são cabíveis a todos os estabelecimentos de ensino; c) as direções dos estabelecimentos de ensino têm muito a contribuir para a real implantação da língua espanhola na matriz curricular; d) a implantação da língua espanhola enquanto disciplina curricular efetiva em todas as séries do Ensino Médio e em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino do município de Ponta Grossa - PR ainda é um desafio a ser superado.

In Winter semester of 2005 the English Language Center (ELC) began plans to implement a content-based program for students at its highest proficiency level in order to provide them with more effective preparation for academic studies in English. Since that time, the program has undergone various changes to provide a more stable, cohesive, and responsive curriculum. There is a need, however, for greater teacher support and training. This paper outlines the process I underwent to create a handbook that would provide needed guidance and training for teachers in this program. This project involved an in-depth needs analysis of teachers and students in the program. Results from this analysis led to the selection of three basic principles that were used in the design and development of this project: (1) practicality, (2) instructiveness, and (3) sustainability. The resulting project is a binder organized into four tabs: (1) Program Overview, (2) The Basics of Content-based Instruction at the ELC, (3) Challenges and Strategies in CBI, and (4) Additional Resources. This resource was developed using Microsoft Word 2007 and includes a variety of graphics, text boxes and layouts to provide a professional and user-friendly product. An evaluation of the project based on the responses of three teachers who used the handbook during Winter semester 2009 revealed that it was a useful and needed resource for teaching content-based classes at the ELC. Further piloting is needed to verify these findings. It is recommended that in the future this resource be maintained by the ELC Coordinator assigned to oversee the content courses. As the ELC continues to refine the content curriculum, evaluation and revisions of this handbook should be carried out at regular intervals to ensure its continued relevance and accuracy over time.

This study will conclusively demonstrate that a two-way or dual-language immersion strategy works best to achieve the goal of bilingualism and biliteracy for our ELLs (English Language Learners).

The purpose of this study will show that teaching is a career that involves a relatively high degree of stress. Without the proper coping skills or strategies, educators can face the risk of burn-out. This study will provide a qualitative and quantitative look into the professions of a group of dual language educators, offering suggestions and insights into the stressors unique to this group of educators.

Η παρούσα έρευνα συνιστά μια κριτική βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση της Διγλωσσίας και της Δίγλωσσης Εκπαίδευσης έτσι ώστε να καταφανούν μέσω μιας συστηματικής περιγραφικής αξιολόγησης οι διεπιστημονικές θεωρήσεις αυτού του ερευνητικού πεδίου. Μια μεθοδολογική ποιοτική καταγραφή εκατό αγγλικών άρθρων αποτελεί μια βάση δεδομένων η κριτική παρουσίαση και ερμηνεία της οποίας καταδεικνύει εκείνους τους κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικούς και γνωστικούς παράγοντες που αλληλεπιδρούν έτσι ώστε το δίγλωσσο υποκείμενο έρευνας, ο δίγλωσσος μαθητής, να κατασκευάσει νόημα για έναν κόσμο που ως συνεχές υπόκειται σε μια ποικιλία κοινωνικών αλλαγών. / This paper constist a multifactorial research on Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. A Critical Review of an electronical basis of data, a hundrend of English articles, demonsrate the qualitive aspects of a multicultural phenomenon which is characterized by the notion of the interdisciplinarity. The interaction between cognitive and sociocultural factors by which bilingual student try to construct meaning for a world that as a continuum subject to a variety of social changes.

This thesis aims to address why the adoption of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) within the language classroom is so varied, and its success so unclear, despite fifty years of investment and research. The huge promise of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) driven results has created an imbalance in language teaching, where initiatives are brought about from outside the classroom, with teachers held accountable for their adoption. My reading of the literature is that lack of consideration of the teacher’s role in implementation of classroom technology has led to mismatched expectations and performance. If the nature of the teacher’s contribution is recognized, I believe that this can lead to more effective use of ICT, which I have set out to show. My study, based on a survey of 319 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers across the international group of 31 schools in which I work, seeks to put the teacher back into the picture by examining where their enacted beliefs in social constructivist pedagogy best align with classroom use of digital technology. I coin this emerging praxis ‘microblending’, a pedagogy rooted in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory and contemporary methodology, and I seek to demonstrate its relevance in this study I test the viability of measuring teacher’s microblending readiness through application of Technology Acceptance Modelling (TAM) in an EFL setting to produce a model that explains the variation in classroom use of ICT. My model is based on a critical replication of the WST (‘Will, Skill, Tool’) model, a TAM model which has so far only been used in mainstream classroom teaching. I have updated, created and piloted new instruments within the scope of the study, which are now already in use within the institution where I carried out my investigations. Using both linear regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques I explored how these measurements of the learning environment can explain a teacher’s application of technology. This first attempt appears to explain over 89% of the variation in classroom use of technology, which already exceeds the predictive power of several contemporary models in use in parallel fields of education. Given further work to refine and apply the model, a valuable improvement could be made in how teachers work with ICT in the language classroom for improved learning outcomes.

The main aim of this paper was to find out if and how teachers in upper secondary school use oral feedback when they correct their students' oral mistakes. I also wanted to find out which approach the teachers find most useful and if they use different approaches depending on the error made by the student. I have found that the majority of the teachers find oral feedback as an important tool to help students achieve a higher proficiency in a second and foreign language. My results also show that feedback is most often used when the student makes errors regarding content and pronunciation. Most of my respondents are aware of the necessity of applying different feedback approaches to different errors made by the students. My investigation shows that teachers chose to give feedback on different occasions, both directly, but more commonly, indirectly, to a single student or later on to a full class. Most teachers also prefer a mix of feedback approaches depending on the specific student and situation. My intention with this study has also been to determine what factors influence the students' uptake. My respondents have, among several factors, stressed the importance of comfortable learning situations, students' personal interest and size of group.

No description available.

In response to the covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the Swedish National Agency for Education and the Public Health Agency of Sweden recommended that all upper secondary schools in Sweden would temporarily transition to distance education. A report was simultaneously ordered by the Swedish School Inspectorate, which would monitor the effects the distance education had on Swedish upper secondary schools. The report found that many areas of the Swedish upper secondary school had suffered during the period of distance education. The purpose for this essay is to examine how the findings of the report corresponds with the experiences in German teaching at upper secondary level, one year after the publishing of the original report. An interview with a teacher of German was conducted, who had spent the last three semesters teaching German in an upper secondary school, which mostly was spent via online teaching due to the recommendations from the Public Health Agency. The findings suggest that most of the negative consequences highlighted by the report coincide with the experiences in teaching of German as a foreign language, although many of the findings also apply to other parts of the schoolsystem as well. The findings, furthermore, seem to indicate that certain aspects of what was highlighted by the report could potentially affect foreign language teaching especially, as language learning depends on interactional factors to be successful. The gradual return of present learning has also created a situation of hybrid learning, which only seem to affect certain parts of the school system, German teaching included. To combat similar situations with negative effects in the future, this essay aims to discuss ways in which to actively work towards a teaching approach that is affected to a lesser extent than have been monitored during the covid-19 pandemic. Ways in which to improve future teaching include actively fostering good motivational practices and adapting to working methods which combine the positives of both present and online teaching practices.

The aim of this thesis was to study English teachers' approaches, methods and beliefs that link to teaching grammar to students in Sweden. The research has revolved around how frequently grammar is taught, what approaches are used and what methods are favored by English teachers in Swedish secondary and upper secondary schools. The respondents were 51 teachers recruited through a convenient sampling in the Facebook group “Nätverk för lärare i engelska”. The study used a mixed method with a survey as the data collection instrument. The results show that English teachers in secondary schools and upper secondary schools in Sweden occasionally use grammar teaching. On a four-grade scale ranging from Very Occasionally to Very Often the mean response was 2.36. In terms of preferred approach, the results indicated that a planned approach was preferred by a small margin. These results are in contradiction to previous research on English grammar teaching in Sweden which shows that teachers prefer an incidental approach to grammar teaching. The present study indicates that teachers favored interactive methods of grammar teaching. The two most favored methods were the Task-Based method where students complete tasks in pairs or groups, and the Communicative Language Teaching where students learn through discussions. Analyzing teachers’ beliefs on grammar teaching, the present study focused on the open-ended questions in the survey. The responses indicated that context to grammar teaching is extremely vital according to the teachers who responded to the survey. As previously mentioned, the present study contradicts previous studies in terms of preferred approach to grammar teaching. However, the present study coincides with previous research in terms of preferred methods both in international research but also in Sweden specifically, which is that teachers prefer interactive methods of grammar teaching that involve inductive learning.