Deep foundations like auger-cast piles and drilled shafts frequently extend through liquefiable sand layers and bear on non-liquefiable layers at depth. When liquefaction occurs, the skin friction on the shaft decreases to zero, and then increases again as the pore water pressure dissipates and the layer begins to settle, or compact. As the effective stress increases and the liquefiable layer settles, along with the overlaying layers, negative skin from the soil acts on the shaft. To investigate the loss of skin friction and the development of negative skin friction, soil-induced load was measured in three instrumented, full-scale auger-cast piles after blast-induced liquefaction at a site near Christchurch, New Zealand. The test piles were installed to depths of 8.5 m, 12 m, and 14 m to investigate the influence of pile depth on response to liquefaction. The 8.5 m pile terminated within the liquefied layer while the 12 m and 14 m piles penetrated the liquefied sand and were supported on denser sands. Following the first blast, where no load was applied to the piles, liquefaction developed throughout a 9-m thick layer. As the liquefied sand reconsolidated, the sand settled about 30 mm (0.3% volumetric strain) while pile settlements were limited to a range of 14 to 21 mm (0.54 to 0.84 in). Because the ground settled relative to the piles, negative skin friction developed with a magnitude equal to about 50% of the positive skin friction measured in a static pile load test. Following the second blast, where significant load was applied to the piles, liquefaction developed throughout a 6-m thick layer. During reconsolidation, the liquefied sand settled a maximum of 80 mm (1.1% volumetric strain) while pile settlements ranged from 71 to 104 mm (2.8 to 4.1 in). The reduced side friction in the liquefied sand led to full mobilization of side friction and end-bearing resistance for all test piles below the liquefied layer and significant pile settlement. Because the piles generally settled relative to the surrounding ground, positive skin friction developed as the liquefied sand reconsolidated. Once again, skin friction during reconsolidation of the liquefied sand was equal to about 50% of the positive skin friction obtained from a static load test before liquefaction.

The Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program is a 20-year program initiated by the Federal Highway Administration to better understand the behavior of highway bridges as they deteriorate due to environmental variables and vehicle loads. Part of this program includes the periodic testing of selected bridges. The Lambert Road Bridge was subjected to nondestructive testing in the fall of 2009. Part of this testing included a live load test. This test involved driving two heavy trucks across the instrumented bridge on selected load paths. The bridge was instrumented with strain, displacement, and tilt sensors. This collected data was used to calibrate a finite element model. This finite element model was used to determine the theoretical live load distribution factors. Using the controlling distribution factor from the finite element model, the inventory and operating ratings of the bridge were determined. These load ratings were compared to those obtained from using the controlling distribution factor from the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. This thesis also examined how different parameters such as span length, girder spacing, parapets, skew, continuity, deck overhang, and deck thickness affect the distribution factors of box girder bridges. This was done by creating approximately 40 finite element models and comparing the results to those obtained by using the AASHTO LRFD Specifications.

In this study, Dyneema fiber can bear tension and not easy to react with the chemicals characteristics, to explore for the resistance to bending moment and compressive strength of concrete. To compare with different rate of Dyneema fiber added at different ratio of AE water-reducing in the condition of concrete slump test and slump flow test. We planning in different water-cement ratio 0.48(non AE water-reducing)¡B0.4(add AE water-reducing), to test for its fresh properties and hardened properties, and discussion the effect by AE water-reducing and Dyneema fiber on the marine engineering. According to this study, adding Dyneema fiber will make the slump and slump flow value dropped, and affecting the workability. Because of Dyneema fiber will tangle when add too much Dyneema fiber in concrete. So in mixing time, the Dyneema fiber and concrete will form clumps, in this study, we add the AE water-reducing to improve. After we add AE water-reducing, the slump, slump flow, compressive strength, are increase, but we still had to pay attention to the ratio between Dyneema fiber and AE water-reducing, the strength of structure perhaps decrease if added too much Dyneema fiber or AE water-reducing. This study can get the best positive effect when added 1.5% volume volume of Dyneema fiber.

Metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs) are a promising low cost gas bearing technology for support of high speed oil-free microturbomachinery. Elimination of complex oil lubrication and sealing system by installing MMFBs in oil free rotating machinery offer distinctive advantages such as reduced system overall weight, enhanced reliability at high rotational speeds and extreme temperatures, and extended maintenance intervals compared to conventional turbo machines. MMFBs for oil-free turbomachinery must demonstrate adequate load capacity, reliable rotordynamic performance, and low frictional losses in a high temperature environment. The thesis presents the measurements of MMFB break-away torque, rotor lift off and touchdown speeds, temperature at increasing static load conditions, and identified stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficients. The experiments, conducted in a test rig driven by an automotive turbocharger turbine, demonstrate the airborne operation (hydrodynamic gas film) of the floating test MMFB with little frictional loses at increasing loads. The measured drag torque peaks when the rotor starts and stops, and drops significantly once the bearing is airborne. The estimated rotor speed for lift-off increases linearly with increasing applied loads. During continuous operation, the MMFB temperature measured at one end of the back surface of the top foil increases both with rotor speed and static load. Nonetheless, the temperature rise is only nominal ensuring reliable bearing performance. Application of a sacrificial layer of solid lubricant on the top foil surface aids to reduce the rotor break-away torque. The measurements give confidence on this simple bearing technology for ready application into oil-free turbomachinery. Impact loads delivered (with a soft tip) to the test bearing, while resting on the (stationary) drive shaft, evidence a system with large damping and a structural stiffness that increases with frequency (max. 200 Hz). The system equivalent viscous damping ratio decreases from ~ 0.7 to 0.2 as the frequency increases. In general, the viscous damping in a metal mesh structure is of structural type and inversely proportional to the frequency and amplitude of bearing motion relative to the shaft. Impact load tests, conducted while the shaft rotates at 50 krpm, show that the bearing direct stiffness is lower (~25% at 200 Hz) than the bearing structural stiffness identified from impact load tests without shaft rotation. However, the identified equivalent viscous damping coefficients from tests with and without shaft rotation are nearly identical. The orbits of bearing motion relative to the rotating shaft show subsynchronous motion amplitudes and also backward synchronous whirl. The subsynchronous vibration amplitudes are locked at a frequency, nearly identical to a rotor natural frequency. A backward synchronous whirl occurs while the rotor speed is between any two natural frequencies, arising due to bearing stiffness asymmetry.

Web pages serve a huge number of internet users in nearly every area. An adequate testing is needed to address the problems of web domains for more efficient and accurate services. We present an automated tool to test web applications against execution errors and the errors occured when many users connect the same server concurrently. Our tool, called NaMoX, attains the clickables of the web pages, creates a model exerting depth first search algorithm. NaMoX simulates a number of users, parses the developed model, and tests the model by branch coverage analysis. We have performed experiments on five web sites. We have reported the response times when a click operation is eventuated. We have found 188 errors in total. Quality metrics are extracted and this is applied to the case studies.

The goal of the dissertation was to quantify the role of FRP in repairing corroded prestressed piles in a marine environment and to demonstrate the feasibility of using it for field repairs. Three laboratory studies and two field demonstration projects were undertaken to meet this goal.In the first study, corroded specimens were repaired under water and tests conducted to determine the extent of strength retained immediately after wrapping and after further accelerated corrosion. Results showed that the underwater wrap was effective in restoring and maintaining lost capacity in both situations.The second study attempted to determine the effectiveness of FRP for specimens where corrosion had initiated but with no visible signs of distress. In the study, 22 one-third scale model of prestressed piles fabricated with cast-in-chlorides were wrapped at 28 days and exposed to simulated tidal cycles outdoors for nearly three years. Two materials -- carbon and glass were evaluated and the number of layers varied from 1 to 4. Results of gravimteric tests showed that the metal loss in FRP wrapped specimens was about a quarter of that in identical unwrapped controls indicating its effectiveness in this application.The third study attempted to identify the most suitable pre-wrap repair. For this purpose, 26 scale model prestressed specimens were first corroded to a targeted metal loss of 25%, repaired and then exposed to simulated hot salt water tidal cycles for over two years. Two disparate types of repairs were evaluated -- an elaborate full repair and a simpler epoxy injection repair. Results of ultimate and gravimetric tests conducted at the end of the exposure showed that the performance of the full and epoxy injection repairs were comparable but vastly superior compared to identical unwrapped controls.Two field studies were conducted in which full-sized corroding piles were instrumented and wrapped to monitor post-wrap performance. Corrosion rate measurements indicated that rates were lower for wrapped piles compared to identical unwrapped piles. Overall, the study demonstrated that underwater wrapping of piles using FRP is viable and a potentially cost effective method of pile repair in a marine environment.

The present work aims at analyzing the behavior of short metallic piles type profile "H", W 150 x 22,5, submitted to static load test to compression, executed in 3, 4 and 5m depths, in sedimentary ground at the Experimental Field of the Geotechnical Engineering of UFSM (CEEG/UFSM)., The under soil presents a superficial layer thickness of 5m at the research location, consisting of plastic clay-arenaceous, rigid consistency, followed by a sand layer with thickness varying from thin to average, very compact and up to 14 m. Correlations were made between the rupture loads of the essayed props and the parameters obtained through soundings of simple recognition (SPT), that is, estimated rupture loads by methods of calculation of consecrated load capacity. Extrapolation criteria were applied load x stress of the curves and calculation equations of maximum penetration, with the objective of creating rupture loads. Also information was obtained for the increment of a database, aiming at offering other execution options of foundations for the Santa Maria region. With the results, analyses of load transfers were performed, plus comparisons between the methods, in addition to the parameter definitions for the rupture load on metallic props, according to present objectives. / O presente trabalho visa analisar o comportamento de estacas metálicas curtas do tipo perfil H , W 150 x 22,5, submetidas a prova de carga estática à compressão, executadas com profundidades de 3m, 4m e 5m, em solo sedimentar no Campo Experimental em Engenharia Geotécnica da UFSM (CEEG/UFSM). No local da pesquisa, o subsolo apresenta uma camada superficial de 5 m de espessura, constituída de argila-arenosa plástica, consistência rija, seguida de uma camada de areia fina a média, muito compacta até 14 m. Foram feitas correlações entre as cargas de ruptura das estacas ensaiadas com os parâmetros obtidos através de sondagens de simples reconhecimento (SPT), quais sejam, cargas de ruptura estimadas através de métodos de cálculo de capacidade de carga consagrados. Foram aplicados critérios de extrapolação das curvas carga x recalque e equações de cálculo de nega, com o objetivo de se obter as cargas de ruptura. Também se obteve informações para o incremento de um banco de dados, visando oferecer mais opções de execução de fundações para a região de Santa Maria. Com os resultados, foram feitas as análises de transferência de carga, comparações entre métodos, além da definição de parâmetros para cálculo de carga de ruptura em estacas metálicas, conforme objetivos apresentados. Palavras-chaves: Fundação, Estaca Metálica, Prova de Carga.

Submitted by GABRIELA NASCIMENTO HERCOS (ghercos@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-30T13:42:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WLT DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL PARA REPOSITÓRIO.pdf: 2479083 bytes, checksum: cd2c2572fc69fad4a63148cf6359bebc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-07-31T12:42:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hercos_gn_me_bot.pdf: 2479083 bytes, checksum: cd2c2572fc69fad4a63148cf6359bebc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T12:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hercos_gn_me_bot.pdf: 2479083 bytes, checksum: cd2c2572fc69fad4a63148cf6359bebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-25 / Hercos GN. Aplicabilidade clínica do teste de sobrecarga de água em crianças com dor abdominal crônica e dispepsia. [Dissertação]. Botucatu: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu:- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, 2018. Introdução. A ingestão está associada a mudanças no controle motor gástrico, como o armazenamento inicial da refeição, através do reflexo da acomodação gástrica, seguido de esvaziamento a uma taxa que corresponde à capacidade de absorção do intestino delgado. Alteração nos receptores sensoriais ou na função da via neural pode resultar em maior sensibilidade visceral, podendo resultar em dor. O Teste de Sobrecarga de Água é proposto para avaliar a acomodação e a sensibilidade visceral. O objetivo do estudo foi: determinar a aplicabilidade do teste de sobrecarga de água como um instrumento na investigação de crianças com Dor Abdominal Crônica, avaliando se seria discriminatório para crianças com dor de origem orgânica ou funcional e com e sem dispepsia. Métodos. Estudo prospectivo, transversal de pacientes com Dor Abdominal Crônica. Critérios de Inclusão: idade de 7 a 15 anos; Dor Abdominal Crônica conforme critérios de Apley; diagnóstico de Dor Abdominal Crônica Funcional segundo Critérios de Roma IV; diagnóstico Dor Abdominal Crônica de etiologia orgânica realizado de acordo com os métodos e critérios padrões utilizados na pratica clínica. Critérios de exclusão foram: doença crônica genética, neurológica, metabólica, renal, hepática, infecciosa, hematológica, cardiovascular, ou doença pulmonar, história de hemorragia gastrintestinal prévia ou cirurgia abdominal. Procedimentos: durante a primeira consulta foram coletados dados clínicos, antropométricos. Na segunda consulta foi realizado o Teste de Sobrecarga de Água e a aplicação de um Escore Clínico de Sintomas Dispépticos durante e após o teste. Todos os dados foram compilados utilizando-se o programa estatístico GraphPad Prism versão 7.00. Os testes estatísticos foram bicaudais e o nível de significância considerado em p <0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 83 crianças com DAC, sendo 55 com DAC Funcional e 28 com DAC Orgânica (44 do subgrupo Dispepsia, dos quais 18 com Dispepsia Funcional e 26 com Dispepsia Orgânica). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto as variáveis antropométricas entre os subgrupos de DAC. O Escore Clínico de Sintomas Dispépticos foi significativamente maior no subgrupo DAC Orgânica e no subgrupo Dispepsia. Não houve diferença no Volume Máximo Tolerado entre os diferentes subgrupos de DAC. Crianças maiores de 10 anos e do sexo masculino toleraram volume maior de água. Houve correlação positiva entre Volume Máximo Tolerado e Escore Clínico de Sintomas Dispépticos no subgrupo Não Dispepsia 30 minutos após o teste. Observou- se correlação positiva entre Volume Máximo Tolerado e o peso, estatura e IMC para os diferentes subgrupos. Discussão e conclusão: o teste de Sobrecarga de Água não mostrou poder discriminatório entre os diferentes subtipos de DAC. Provavelmente a não inibição do esvaziamento gástrico com refeição teste com água tenha impedido a retenção adequada para desencadear um defeito na acomodação gástrica. Palavras chave: Teste de Sobrecarga de Água; Dor Abdominal Crônica; Dispepsia; Criança / Introduction. Ingestion is associated with changes in gastric motor control, such as primary storage of the meal through the reflex of gastric accommodation, followed by emptying at a rate that corresponds to the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Alteration in sensory receptors or neural pathway function may result in increased visceral sensitivity and may result in pain. The Water Load Test (WLT) is proposed to assess gastric accommodation and visceral sensitivity. Objective: to determine the applicability of the WLT as an instrument for the investigation children with Chronic Abdominal Pain (CAP), evaluating whether it would be discriminatory for children with the pain of organic or functional origin and with and without dyspepsia. Methods. Prospective, cross-sectional study of patients with CAP. Inclusion Criteria: age between 7-15 years; CAP according to Apley criteria; diagnosis of Functional Abdominal Pain according to Rome IV Criteria; diagnosis of organic CAP performed according to the standard methods and approaches used in clinical practice. Exclusion criteria: chronic genetic, neurological, metabolic, renal, hepatic, infectious, hematological, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, history of previous gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal surgery. Procedures: During the first visit, clinical and anthropometric data were collected. During the second visit, the WLT and the Clinical Dyspepsia Symptoms Score were performed during and after the test. All data were compiled using the statistical program GraphPad Prism version 7.00. The statistical tests were two-tailed and the level of significance considered at p <0.05. Results: 83 children with CAP were evaluated, 55 with functional CAP and 28 with organic CAP (44 dyspepsia, of which 18 with functional and 26 with organic dyspepsia). There was no statistical difference in the anthropometric variables between the subgroups of CAP. The Clinical Dyspepsia Symptoms Score was significantly higher in the CAP Organic and Dyspepsia subgroup. There was no difference in Maximum Tolerated Volume (MTV) between the different subgroups of CAP. Children older than ten years and males had more MTV. There was a positive correlation between MTV and Clinical Dyspepsia Symptoms Score in the No Dyspepsia subgroup 30 minutes after the test. There was a positive correlation between MTV and weight, height and BMI for the different subgroups. Discussion and conclusion: WLT did not show discriminatory power between the different subtypes of CAP. Probably not inhibiting gastric emptying with a test meal with water has prevented adequate retention to trigger a defect in gastric accommodation. Keywords: Water Load test; Chronic abdominal pain; Dyspepsia; Children.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta os dados de um teste de carga instrumentado em um cais, enfatizando a importância da instrumentação de campo para melhor compreender o comportamento da estrutura durante o teste. Dentro desta abordagem, foi realizada uma revisão sobre o comportamento de grupo de estacas, direcionada à influência do espaçamento entre estacas na interação entre as mesmas, e da rigidez do bloco na distribuição de carga entre as estacas, no fator de segurança das mesmas e das distorções angulares do bloco. Em seguida, foram descritas as características geométricas e geotécnicas do cais testado, e foram apresentadas as características da instrumentação utilizada, composta por extensômetros elétricos, eletroníveis e nível topográfico, desde sua montagem e calibração, até a sua instalação em campo. Foi destacada a utilização dos eletroníveis, que apesar de pouco utilizados na prática da engenharia geotécnica, são instrumentos versáteis, precisos e podem ser reutilizados. O procedimento do teste de carga foi realizado de modo a simular a situação real da maneira mais próxima da realidade, onde foram monitoradas as deformações em quatro estacas, a rotação e o recalque da laje do cais. A estrutura apresentou bom desempenho durante o teste, com baixo nível de deformação nas estacas, distorção angular desprezível e baixos valores de recalque total e residual. / [en] This dissertation presents the data of an instrumented load test in a wharf, emphasizing the importance of field instrumentation to analyze the behavior of the structure during the load test. First, a review was carried out on the behavior of pile groups, focusing on the influence of pile spacing in the interaction factors. It also considered the influence of the raft stiffness on the load distribution and factor of safety of the piles. The main characteristics of the wharf were presented, such as, geometry, dimensions, deformability and strength properties of the concrete. The geological and geotechnical subsoil profile have been presented, indicating a soft clay layer resting on a very compact residual soil. The particularities of the instrumentation used on the test, composed by strain gauges, electrolevels and a topographic level, were presented since the assembly and calibration, to the installation on field. Despite its underutilization in geotechnical engineering practice, the use of electrolevels was emphasized, due to its versatility, accuracy and the fact that they can be reutilized. The load test procedure was made to simulate the real situation as close as possible, where strain in four piles, rotation and settlement of the deck were monitored. The structure performanced well during the test, presenting low level of strain in piles, negligible angular distortion of the deck and low values of total and residual settlements.

Orientador: Nilton Carlos Machado / Resumo: Hercos GN. Aplicabilidade clínica do teste de sobrecarga de água em crianças com dor abdominal crônica e dispepsia. [Dissertação]. Botucatu: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu:- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, 2018. Introdução. A ingestão está associada a mudanças no controle motor gástrico, como o armazenamento inicial da refeição, através do reflexo da acomodação gástrica, seguido de esvaziamento a uma taxa que corresponde à capacidade de absorção do intestino delgado. Alteração nos receptores sensoriais ou na função da via neural pode resultar em maior sensibilidade visceral, podendo resultar em dor. O Teste de Sobrecarga de Água é proposto para avaliar a acomodação e a sensibilidade visceral. O objetivo do estudo foi: determinar a aplicabilidade do teste de sobrecarga de água como um instrumento na investigação de crianças com Dor Abdominal Crônica, avaliando se seria discriminatório para crianças com dor de origem orgânica ou funcional e com e sem dispepsia. Métodos. Estudo prospectivo, transversal de pacientes com Dor Abdominal Crônica. Critérios de Inclusão: idade de 7 a 15 anos; Dor Abdominal Crônica conforme critérios de Apley; diagnóstico de Dor Abdominal Crônica Funcional segundo Critérios de Roma IV; diagnóstico Dor Abdominal Crônica de etiologia orgânica realizado de acordo com os métodos e critérios padrões utilizados na pratica clínica. Critérios de exclusão foram: doença crônica genética, neurológica, metabólica, renal, hepática, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction. Ingestion is associated with changes in gastric motor control, such as primary storage of the meal through the reflex of gastric accommodation, followed by emptying at a rate that corresponds to the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Alteration in sensory receptors or neural pathway function may result in increased visceral sensitivity and may result in pain. The Water Load Test (WLT) is proposed to assess gastric accommodation and visceral sensitivity. Objective: to determine the applicability of the WLT as an instrument for the investigation children with Chronic Abdominal Pain (CAP), evaluating whether it would be discriminatory for children with the pain of organic or functional origin and with and without dyspepsia. Methods. Prospective, cross-sectional study of patients with CAP. Inclusion Criteria: age between 7-15 years; CAP according to Apley criteria; diagnosis of Functional Abdominal Pain according to Rome IV Criteria; diagnosis of organic CAP performed according to the standard methods and approaches used in clinical practice. Exclusion criteria: chronic genetic, neurological, metabolic, renal, hepatic, infectious, hematological, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, history of previous gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal surgery. Procedures: During the first visit, clinical and anthropometric data were collected. During the second visit, the WLT and the Clinical Dyspepsia Symptoms Score were performed during and after the test. All data w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre