The research presented in this thesis, studies driver gap acceptance behavior for permissive left turn movements at signalized intersections. The thesis attempts to model the gap acceptance behavior using three different approaches, a deterministic statistical approach, a stochastic approach, and a psycho-physical approach. First, the deterministic statistical modeling approach is conducted using logistic regression to characterize the impact of a number of variables on driver gap acceptance behavior. The variables studied are the gap duration, the driver's wait time in search of an acceptable gap, the time required to travel to clear the conflict point, and the rain intensity. Considering stochastic gap acceptance, two stochastic approaches are compared, namely: a Bayesian and a Bootstrap approach. The study develops a procedure to model stochastic gap acceptance behavior while capturing model parameter correlations without the need to store all parameter combinations. The model is then implemented to estimate stochastic opposed saturation flow rates. Finally, the third approach uses a psycho-physical modeling approach. The physical component captures the vehicle constraints on gap acceptance behavior using vehicle dynamics models while the psychological component models the driver deliberation and decision process. In general, the three proposed models capture gap acceptance behavior for different vehicle types, roadway surface conditions, weather effects and types of control which could affect the driver gap acceptance behavior. These findings can be used to develop weather responsive traffic signal timings and can also be integrated into emerging IntelliDrive systems. / Master of Science

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and early detection is crucial for better outcomes. This research aims to improve Region Of Interest (ROI) segmentation and feature extraction in medical image analysis using Radiomics techniques with 3D Slicer, Pyradiomics, and Python. Dimension reduction methods, including PCA, K-means, t-SNE, ISOMAP, and Hierarchical Clustering, were applied to highdimensional features to enhance interpretability and efficiency. The study assessed the ability of the reduced feature set to predict T-staging, an essential component of the TNM system for cancer diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression models were developed and evaluated using MSE, AIC, BIC, and Deviance Test. The dataset consisted of CT and PET-CT DICOM images from 131 lung cancer patients. Results showed that PCA identified 14 features, Hierarchical Clustering 17, t-SNE 58, and ISOMAP 40, with texture-based features being the most critical. This study highlights the potential of integrating Radiomics and unsupervised learning techniques to enhance cancer prediction from medical images.

Ce travail de recherche traite de la problématique des transports dans les villes d’Indonésie, Jakarta et Bandung, mais également de la grande concurrence modale du trajet Jakarta-Bandung et Bandung-Jakarta. Les préférences des passagers sont des variables très importantes à connaître en raison de leurs impacts pour choisir un mode de transport parmi d’autres. Dans les transports, le modèle Logit est largement utilisé comme une méthode pour aborder la problématique du choix de transport multimodal comportant de multiples variables, mais dans la présente recherche, ces modèles ne sont pas appropriés pour la résolution de nos problèmes, car il y a des variables particulières à identifier et à prendre en compte. Par conséquent, nous avons développé pour nos besoins le modèle « Logit Mixed Multinomial Adapté (LMMA) » comme outil dédié à l’analyse décisionnelle dans le choix des modes de transport des passagers. La première partie de nos travaux de recherches porte sur l’identification et la compréhension des problèmes de transports intra-cité d’origine et de destination pour le choix du mode de transport entre Jakarta et Bandung (et puis entre Bandung et Jakarta). La seconde partie concerne le processus de décision final en proposant et en analysant les résultats d’un questionnaire adressé à de nombreux utilisateurs de la liaison Jakarta-Bandung (et Bandung-Jakarta). L’analyse permet pour chaque situation d’origine et de destination, et en tenant compte des services offerts par chaque mode inter-cité, d’identifier quel est le mode le plus compétitif. / An ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems.

台商製造業在中國大陸的投資區位選擇行為，依個體選擇理論來說，是受到廠商本身的特性與區域條件兩者的影響，本研究的重點放在區位條件的影響上。但由於台商也是中國大陸FDI的一環，因此在參考過去其他地區的FDI區位選擇實證後，本研究將針對台商研究中較為欠缺的區位選擇行為，架構出台商投資中國大陸的個體選擇模型，並以更細化的產業別分類探討各區域條件的影響效果。最後再透過訪談的過程，針對實證的結果加以再驗證，得到完整以區位條件為觀點所架構出的台商製造業區位選擇模式。 由本研究的研究成果中可以發現，台商還是延續了過去在台灣的生產模式，凸顯了台商對於中國大陸的投資重視聚集的特性。但在勞力因素、商業服務的集中度、國家高新政策上，則因產業別的不同而產生出較大的歧異。訪談的結果也顯示出勞力條件的影響將會在未來日漸弱化，這種趨勢是和生產要素的移動性息息相關。但台商在中國大陸的投資已注意到市場潛力的需求，也成為近來台商投資中國大陸區位選擇時的重要轉變。另一方面，在基礎建設的投資與國家產業政策的投入對各產業別的影響上，顯示不見得政府的投資與廠商的投入有絕對的正向關係，這可能和投資的效率性有關，必須更進一步探討；但就整體台商而言，則驗證了人為扶植的產業政策的確可以為地方帶來廠商的聚集，且訪談結果更認為產品性質的差異，會影響到廠商在區位選擇時，考量基礎運輸設施種類的需求，這一部份也因為投審會資料的限制而無法得到量化模型證實。而稅的負擔經過模型校估後得到顯著的負相關，在訪談的結果中，發現跟台商在會計上的習慣可能也有關。台商通常會以作帳的方式產生負債經營的狀況以隱藏實際獲利情形，使實際的所得稅負擔遠低於應負擔金額。 總之，本研究雖然是以各省市所能提供的區域條件來看待台商的區位選擇。但如勞力等生產要素在在流動性逐漸增強的趨勢下，的確可能削弱了地區條件的優勢，可是由政策與聚集所創造出來的地域條件，卻是不容易被替代的。本研究的結果證實的這樣的觀點，至少在目前台商投資大陸的情形中，還是深受這種創造出來的地域條件所影響，一旦聚集形成，就傾向於自我延續下去，強化了由地域觀點的角度來看廠商區位選擇的理由。但政策的介入卻要注意效率性的問題，這也是未來的研究可以發展的方向。

The general focus of this thesis is on how the family, work and the welfare system are intertwined. A major determinant is the way responsibilities are shared by the state, the market and civil society in different welfare state regimes. An introductory chapter will therefore be dedicated to the development of the social dimension in the process of European integration. A first chapter will then go deeper into the comparative analysis of welfare state regimes, to comment on the provision of welfare in societies with a different mix of state, market and societal welfare roles and to assess the adequacy of existing typologies as reflections of today’s changed socio-economic, political and gender reality. Although they stand strong on their own, these first two chapters also contribute to contextualising the research subject of the remainder of the thesis: the study and comparison of the differential situation of women and men and of mothers and non-mothers on the labour markets of the EU-15 countries as well as of the role of public policies with respect to the employment penalties faced by women, particularly in the presence of young children. In our analysis, employment penalties are understood in three ways: (i) the difference in full-time equivalent employment rates between mothers and non-mothers, (ii) the wage penalty associated with motherhood, and (iii) the wage gap between part-time and full-time workers, considering men and women separately. Besides from a gender point of view, employment outcomes and public policies are thus assessed comparatively for mothers and non-mothers. Because women choose to take part in paid employment, fertility rates will depend on their possibilities to combine employment and motherhood. As a result, motherhood-induced employment penalties and the role of public policies to tackle them should be given priority attention, not just by scholars, but also by politicians and policy-makers.

Les recherches en psychologie étudient le lien entre l'attitude et le comportement. Parallèlement, les chercheurs en marketing s'intéressent à cette même relation dans un contexte d'achat, en introduisant l'intention en tant que variable médiatrice. Une réelle distinction entre intention et comportement reste pourtant rare, d'où l'objet de cette recherche qui réside dans la volonté de mettre au jour les conditions de validité du lien entre ces deux concepts.<br />Cet objectif amène à prendre en compte l'hétérogénéité des consommateurs, ainsi que l'influence des situations associées au comportement.<br />La complémentarité entre théories traditionnelles du comportement du consommateur et approche expérientielle permet de clarifier le rôle médiateur de l'intention d'achat. L'influence modératrice de la force de l'attitude et de plusieurs caractéristiques intra-personnelles - implication, leadership d'opinion et procrastination - est mise en évidence sur les différents liens qui unissent attitude, intention d'achat et comportement.<br />Les situations sont attachées à la mesure de l'intention d'achat et du comportement. L'association des situations à l'intention d'achat ne permet pas d'améliorer la qualité de l'intention d'achat en tant qu'indicateur comportemental, tandis qu'une dépendance entre comportements et situations est démontrée en fonction du niveau d'intention d'achat déclaré.<br />Un essai d'intégration de ces avancées est effectué, permettant de conclure au rôle prédominant de la force de l'attitude dans la relation entre intention d'achat et comportement.<br />Il en résulte plusieurs suggestions managériales relatives à la constitution des échantillons et des mesures d'efficacité des pré-tests produits et publicitaires. Enfin, la dépendance entre comportements et situations autorise à orienter les efforts marketing vers une analyse plus approfondie des situations défavorables à l'achat.

Generalised linear models (GLMs) provide a flexible and sound basis for calibrating gravity models for trip distribution, for a wide range of deterrence functions (from steps to splines), with K factors and geographic segmentation. The Tanner function fitted Wellington Transport Strategy Model data as well as more complex functions and was insensitive to the formulation of intrazonal and external costs. Weighting from variable expansion factors and interpretation of the deviance under sparsity are addressed. An observed trip matrix is disaggregated and fitted at the household, person and trip levels with consistent results. Hierarchical GLMs (HGLMs) are formulated to fit mixed logit models, but were unable to reproduce the coefficients of simple nested logit models. Geospatial analysis by HGLM showed no evidence of spatial error patterns, either as random K factors or as correlations between them. Equivalence with hierarchical mode choice, duality with trip distribution, regularisation, lorelograms, and the modifiable areal unit problem are considered. Trip distribution is calibrated from aggregate data by the MVESTM matrix estimation package, incorporating period and direction factors in the intercepts. Counts across four screenlines showed a significance similar to a thousand-household travel survey. Calibration was possible only in conjuction with trip end data. Criteria for validation against screenline counts were met, but only if allowance was made for error in the trip end data.

綜觀台灣過去數十年來的產業經濟發展歷程，在國際間有許多正面的評價，稱之為「台灣經濟奇蹟」。在政府政策致力於塑造有利於科技產業發展的環境下，製造業為台灣產業帶來重大的貢獻，當我國不同的產業類別之製造業發揮其優勢競爭力的同時，亦使得台灣地區北、中、南三大區域發展出各自獨特且具有潛力的製造業特性。 事實上，區域產業特性與賦能之優劣將可透過區域中廠商與行動者的活動來表現，尤其是區域中的模範角色，是檢視區域中有無可學習的模範者和模仿其整體投資階段過程的重要指標，對於區域內外企業進駐和設立工廠的組織決策相當重要（Bandura, 1986; van Praag, 1996; Kriegesmann, 1999; Fornahl, 2003）。這樣的仿效行為將指向區域中旗艦廠商投資設廠區位選擇與組織決策行動，換句話說，旗艦廠商（flagship firm）是區域發展中重要的模範角色（role model）（Fornahl, 2003），而其區位選擇與組織決策行為對於區域發展將佔有舉足輕重的地位。另一方面，過去傳統投資區位選擇的討論，多論及單一廠商設立工廠在地理空間的決策行為。然而本研究認為旗艦廠商多工型工廠（multiplant）的特性在組織決策上的區位選擇行為，面對各區域經濟與產業發展特性的差異，應有不同於過去文獻與理論的考量。 是故，本研究透過天下雜誌公佈台灣地區2007年製造業1000大廠商，聚焦台灣地區製造業旗艦廠商面對投資母國區位選擇的考量，透過旗艦廠商在台投資多工型工廠歷程決策之整體分析，藉由投資時間與空間區位，以及廠商組織型態面向的討論，了解台灣地區旗艦廠商投資多工型工廠於母國區位選擇之因素。透過多項羅吉特模型的實證研究，本研究歸納研究成果，提出下列政策建議： 一、推動企業總公司在地化發展，有助區域內旗艦廠商再投資母國之活動 二、透過旗艦廠商在區域內之投資經驗，引導再投資活動，以利區域發展 三、區域內產業特性強化與升級，以加強區域高科技產業支撐力 四、科學工業園區與區域內科技基礎產業優勢分進合擊，提升產業關聯性 五、提升區域總體經濟發展，有助於吸引區域內高科技產業再投資之活動

Since the introduction of motor vehicles, the number of fatalities and accidents has been a concern for society.The number of fatalities on roads is amongst the most common causes of mortality worldwide (WHO, 2015).Even in industrialized countries the number of fatalities remains unacceptable. Therefore, in the last decades, anumber of approaches have emerged to support and boost traffic safety towards a system free from fatalities andserious impairment outcomes. ‘Sustainable Safety’ and ‘Vision Zero’ are well-known examples aiming to avoidfatalities within the traffic system and reduce injury severity when a traffic accident is inevitable. However, thenumber of fatalities and seriously injured accidents are still relatively high. More specifically, vulnerable roadusers remain involved in fatal and serious accidents even in industrialized countries. Therefore, further advancesin traffic safety studies are needed. This thesis aims at evaluating the impact of road characteristics, traffic rulesand information provision towards a safer traffic system. The thesis is composed of five scientific papers whichsummarizes the main contributions of this work. / <p>QC 20161109</p>

This thesis uses data of more than 180 banks from CEE region to identify the main determinants of long term credit ratings assigned to these banks in period between 2010 - 2012. This is done by employing two frequently used classification methods - Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Ordered Logit Model. The main contribution lies in including explanatory variables from various areas which have impact on financial health of examined banks. Apart from standard spheres of banks' performance such as capital adequacy, asset quality or profitability we investigate relevance of macroeconomic and qualitative factors as well. Although our results suggest that all mentioned areas are relevant for credit risk and hence rating assignment process the bank specific variables, both quantitative and qualitative, still play the key role.